scholarly journals Interactions between Food and Drugs, and Nutritional Status in Renal Patients: A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Claudia D’Alessandro ◽  
Alessia Benedetti ◽  
Antonello Di Paolo ◽  
Domenico Giannese ◽  
Adamasco Cupisti
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Nutritional Therapy ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Drug Dosing ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Definition Of

Drugs and food interact mutually: drugs may affect the nutritional status of the body, acting on senses, appetite, resting energy expenditure, and food intake; conversely, food or one of its components may affect bioavailability and half-life, circulating plasma concentrations of drugs resulting in an increased risk of toxicity and its adverse effects, or therapeutic failure. Therefore, the knowledge of these possible interactions is fundamental for the implementation of a nutritional treatment in the presence of a pharmacological therapy. This is the case of chronic kidney disease (CKD), for which the medication burden could be a problem, and nutritional therapy plays an important role in the patient’s treatment. The aim of this paper was to review the interactions that take place between drugs and foods that can potentially be used in renal patients, and the changes in nutritional status induced by drugs. A proper definition of the amount of food/nutrient intake, an adequate definition of the timing of meal consumption, and a proper adjustment of the drug dosing schedule may avoid these interactions, safeguarding the quality of life of the patients and guaranteeing the effectiveness of drug therapy. Hence, a close collaboration between the nephrologist, the renal dietitian, and the patient is crucial. Dietitians should consider that food may interact with drugs and that drugs may affect nutritional status, in order to provide the patient with proper dietary suggestions, and to allow the maximum effectiveness and safety of drug therapy, while preserving/correcting the nutritional status.

scholarly journals Body Composition Findings by Computed Tomography in SARS-CoV-2 Patients: Increased Risk of Muscle Wasting in Obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Gualtieri ◽  
Carmela Falcone ◽  
Lorenzo Romano ◽  
Sebastiano Macheda ◽  
Pierpaolo Correale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Nutritional Therapy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Imaging Diagnostics ◽  
Increased Risk

Obesity is a characteristic of COVID-19 patients and the risk of malnutrition can be underestimated due to excess of fat: a paradoxical danger. Long ICU hospitalization exposes patients to a high risk of wasting and loss of lean body mass. The complex management precludes the detection of anthropometric parameters for the definition and monitoring of the nutritional status. The use of imaging diagnostics for body composition could help to recognize and treat patients at increased risk of wasting with targeted pathways. COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU underwent computed tomography within 24 h and about 20 days later, to evaluate the parameters of the body and liver composition. The main results were the loss of the lean mass index and a greater increase in liver attenuation in obese subjects. These could be co-caused by COVID-19, prolonged bed rest, the complex medical nutritional therapy, and the starting condition of low-grade inflammation of the obese. The assessment of nutritional status, with body composition applied to imaging diagnostics and metabolic profiles in COVID-19, will assist in prescribing appropriate medical nutritional therapy. This will reduce recovery times and complications caused by frailty.

INVESTIGATION OF THE ISSUES OF NUTRITION OF STUDENTS USING THE DEFINITION OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Alexandrovna Kozlova ◽  
Anna Nikolaevna Filatova
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adequate Nutrition ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Nutrition And Physical Activity ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Recommendations

The article touches upon the question of the relationship between proper nutrition and physical activity. A study of the nutritional status and lifestyle of students was carried out. The assessment was carried out according to several criteria: the daily diet and its components (this gave an idea of the substances that the body may lack), bad habits and the degree of employment in work or educational activities. The results of the study showed that there is a direct relationship between adequate nutrition and physical activity. Practical recommendations for adjusting the daily diet are given. Attention is focused on food products containing the greatest amount of vitamins and minerals, which, according to the results of the research, were not enough for students.

scholarly journals PREMATURE OVARIAN FAILURE, ITS CONSEQUENCES, MORTALITY AND IMPACT ON THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-156
Author(s):  
S.V. Lopukhov ◽  
◽  
E.V. Filippov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Premature Ovarian Failure ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Ovarian Failure ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk

This review focuses on the topic of premature ovarian failure (POF) as highly relevant in modern medicine (up to 2% of women in the population suffer from this disease). However, patients with premature ovarian failure not only are still not receiving any treatment, but even making this diagnosis is very difficult. Even after a correct diagnosis is made, these patients are not followed up, despite the fact they have already developed a hormonal imbalance. These women develop two groups of complications: short-term complications associated with a rapid estrogen deficiency in the body, and much more dangerous long-term complications affecting multiple organs and even systems. But in the meanwhile, women with premature ovarian failure are under increased risk of death from all causes, in particular from coronary heart disease (CHD), respiratory diseases, genitourinary diseases and from external causes. And this is despite the fact that cardio-vascular diseases (CVD) are already the leading cause of death among women worldwide. It is women with POF that are at the highest risk of development of cardiovascular diseases, compared to women with normal menopause. These patients, therefore, constitute one of the most important groups to be targeted by screening and prevention strategies primarily for cardiovascular diseases. These strategies should include the use of risk stratification tools to identify women that need lifestyle modifying and pharmacological therapy to prevent development of such diseases in them. This is the only way to maintain a high quality of life in these women over the long term.

Nutritional Status Associated to Skipping Breakfast in Brazilian Health Service Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gislaine Cândida Batista-Jorge ◽  
Antônio Sérgio Barcala-Jorge ◽  
Anderson Frederico Oliveira Dias ◽  
Marise Fagundes Silveira ◽  
Deborah de Farias Lelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Service ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Skipping Breakfast

Recent studies show that skipping breakfast is associated with an increased risk of obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In this context, this study evaluated 400 patients from the Brazilian health service who had their nutritional status defined based on the body mass index and were classified as physically active or insufficient active. The energy intake and macronutrients was also assessed by a 24-hour dietary recall where the association of overweight/obesity with the investigated variables was evaluated using chi-square, Student's t test and multivariate analysis (p < 0.05). The main results showed that more than half of the studied population have the habit of omitting breakfast (55.8%), and among those, 81.2% were overweight/obese (p < 0.0001). Almost three-fourths of these individuals consumed no more than 4 meals a day (73.0%), and regarding this meal frequency/day, 78.8% of the individuals who reported having 4 meals or less a day were overweight/obese compared with 57.8% who reported as having 5-6 meals/day (p < 0.0001). The individuals who reported to omit breakfast had a higher chance of being overweight compared with those who had this habit (OR 2.20; 95% CI 1.40-3.60) and the chance of the physically insufficient active individuals to be overweight/obese was 2.9 times higher when compared to the active individuals (p < 0.0001). Our findings suggest that regular breakfast consumption may decrease overweight and obesity risk.

scholarly journals Cystine and Theanine as Stress-Reducing Amino Acids—Perioperative Use for Early Recovery after Surgical Stress

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Takashi Tsuchiya ◽  
Shigekazu Kurihara
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Surgical Stress ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Nutritional Therapy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
As Stress

Perioperative nutritional therapy requires the consideration of metabolic changes, and it is desirable to reduce stress aiming at early metabolic normalization. Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide composed of glutamic acid, cysteine, and glycine. It is one of the strongest antioxidants in the body and important for adjusting immune function. Cystine and theanine (γ-glutamylethylamide) provide substrates of GSH, cysteine and glutamic acid, promoting the synthesis of GSH. It has been reported that the ingestion of cystine (700 mg) and theanine (280 mg) exhibits inhibitory effects against excess inflammation after strong exercise loads in athletes, based on which its application for invasive surgery has been tried. In patients undergoing gastrectomy, ingestion of cystine (700 mg) and theanine (280 mg) for 10 days from 5 days before surgery inhibited a postoperative increase in resting energy expenditure, promoted recovery from changes in interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, lymphocyte ratio, and granulocyte ratio and inhibited an increase in body temperature. In a mouse small intestine manipulation model, preoperative 5-day administration of cystine/theanine inhibited a postoperative decrease in GSH in the small intestine and promoted recovery from a decrease in behavior quantity. Based on the above, cystine/theanine reduces surgical stress, being useful for perioperative management as stress-reducing amino acids.

scholarly journals CLINICAL EFFICACY OF PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH BURNING MOUTH SYNDROME

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Евгений Васенев ◽  
Evgenij Vasenev ◽  
Ирина Алеханова ◽  
Irina Alekhanova ◽  
Александра Попова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Psychometric Testing ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
Burning Mouth Syndrome ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
The Third ◽  
Conventional Drug ◽  
Long Term Result ◽  
Burning Mouth ◽  
Definition Of

Background. The article has explored the problem of treatment of patients with burning mouth syndrome. The efficiency of drug therapy was estimated, depending on the duration of the disease. The analysis of the clinical presentation, the duration of the disease, the results of psychometric testing and the terms of remission were carried out. Objectives. To estimate the efficiency of conventional drug therapy in patients with burning mouth syndrome, without any additional methods of treatment, depending on the duration of the disease. Methods. A clinical study of 3 groups: 74 patients, aged 49 to 72 years with the diagnosis of burning mouth syndrome (glossodynia (K 14.1) was conducted. The patients were grouped according to the duration of the disease. The examination included the definition of neurostomatological status, psychometric and general clinical studies. All patients were treated with the same type of medication. The results of the treatment were evaluated according to subjective evidences of patients and the terms of remission. The effectiveness of the therapy was defined as good, satisfactory and unsatisfactory. Results. The research revealed a reducing trend of the clinical response in patients with burning mouth syndrome, who suffered from the disease for about a year or more. So in the 1st group a good long-term result was observed in 63% of patients. Whereas in the third group this measure was only 29%, that was 2.5 times lower. The unsatisfactory effect of treatment in the 1st group was only 14%, and it was 2 times more in the third group of patients. Conclusions. Drug therapy has a satisfactory therapeutic action (reducing the intensity of complaints and improving the general state of the patient). But only such patients who first consulted a doctor about burning mouth syndrome during a few months from the onset of the disease and who have emotional stability of the mentality can expect a good effect from pharmacotherapy.

scholarly journals Nutritional Status Associated with Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-School Children in the City of Montes Claros - Mg, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Igor Raineh Durães Cruz ◽  
Daniella Mota Mourão ◽  
Daniel Antunes Freitas ◽  
Andrey George Silva Souza ◽  
Alessandra Ribeiro Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
The Body ◽  
School Students ◽  
Middle School Children ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The City

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the association between nutritional status and prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in middle-school students in the city of Montes Claros - MG. The sample consisted of 382 students, aged 10-16 years. Nutritional status was evaluated using the Body Mass Index (BMI). Metabolic syndrome (MS) was defined as the presence of two or more criteria in accordance with definition of the International Diabetes Federation. The overall prevalence of MS was 7.9%. 9.7% of students with MS were overweight and 72.4% were obese. Therefore, it can be inferred that carrying excess weight considerably increases the chances for a child to develop MS, and concomitantly increases the child’s risk for developing cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals COVID-19 AND NUTRITION

2021 ◽  
pp. 120-126
Author(s):  
O. Krekhovska-Lepiavko ◽  
B. Lokay ◽  
S. Yastremska ◽  
N. Reha ◽  
O. Bushtynska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Dietary Nutrient

Summary. Currently Covid-19 pandemic is a leading challenge across the globe. It is mandatory to attain and maintain good nutritional status to fight against virus. Nutritional status of individual is affected by several factors such as age, sex, health status, life style and medications. Nutritional status of individuals has been used as resilience towards destabilization during this COVID-19 pandemic. Optimal nutrition and dietary nutrient intake impact the immune system, therefore the only sustainable way to survive in current context is to strengthen the immune system. There is no evidence found that supplement can cure the immune system except Vit C, which is one of the best way to improve immune system. A proper diet can ensure that the body is in proper state to defeat the virus. However along with the dietary management guidelines the food safety management and good food practices is compulsory. This article explores the importance of nutrition to boost immunity and gives some professional and authentic dietary guidelines about nutrition and food safety to withstand COVID-19. The aim of the study – to analyze and systematize the literature data about the influence of nutrition on the manifestation of COVID-19 infection. Materials and Methods. The study uses publications of the world scientific literature on COVID-19 infection, in particular the causes and mechanisms of its development, treatment, complications and its consequences as well as the influence of different nutrients and nutrasuticals on the course of COVID-19. This review highlights the nutritional interventions to increase the immune response in the body during viral infections, especially considering the novel coronavirus pandemic. Due to their beneficial effects on general healthcare and disease prophylaxis, nutraceuticals have been gaining more and more importance lately. Results. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the nutritional status of individuals has been used as a measure of resilience toward destabilization. Optimal nutrition and dietary nutrient intake impact the immune system through gene expression, cell activation, and signaling molecules modification. In addition, various dietary ingredients are determinants of gut microbial composition and subsequently shape the immune responses in the body. Therefore the existing evidence suggests that the only sustainable way to survive in the current situation is to strengthen the immune system. An adequate intake of zinc, iron, and vitamins A, B 12, B6, C, and E is essential for the maintenance of immune function. In the current scenario, COVID-19 has imposed a new set of challenges for the individual to maintain a healthy diet. The state of self-isolation, lockdown, and social distancing are important measures to flattening the curve of the disease, although these measures have severe repercussions on an individual’s life. The act of confining to one’s home has significant impacts on one’s health, including changes in eating patterns, sleeping habits, and physical activity. It would promote sedentary behaviors that affect mental and physical health and lead to an increased risk of obesity. Fear and anxiety may also cause changes in dietary habits leading to unhealthy dietary patterns and less desire to eat or with lessened enjoyment during eating. Micronutrients are dietary components that may contribute substantially to a robust immune system. Essential micronutrients like vitamins  A, D, E, C, B6, B12, and folate and trace elements such as iron, zinc, and selenium, available in a variety of fresh animal- and plant-based foods, aid the body’s ability to fight infections. Conclusions. COVID-19 became the most challenging pandemic influencing all countries worldwide. A proper and healthy diet can ensure a robust immune system that can resist any onslaught by the virus. A certain amount of particular nutrient saturates into cells and prevents any kind of nutritional deficiency. Individuals consuming well-balanced diets appear to be safer with better immune systems and lower incidence of chronic diseases and infections.

scholarly journals Nutritional status and food intake of patients with systemic psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis associated

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Yazigi Solis ◽  
Nathalia Stefani de Melo ◽  
Maria Elisa Moschetti Macedo ◽  
Fabiana Prata Carneiro ◽  
Cid Yazigi Sabbag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Increased Risk

OBJECTIVE: To identify the nutritional status and food intake of individuals with systemic psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis associated. METHODS: This is an exploratory and cross-sectional study with 34 men aged between 19 and 60 years seen at a Psoriasis Center. Participants were divided into systemic psoriasis group and arthritic-systemic psoriasis associated group. For nutritional assessment we used anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis and whole-body plethysmography. Clinical and nutritional information were assessed using the clinical and nutritional history-taking, and the 24-hour dietary recall. For statistics the general linear model test (p < 0.05) was used. RESULTS: According to the body mass index 29.4% patients (n = 10) were eutrophic, 41.2% (n = 14) overweight and 29% (n = 10) obese. Almost all individuals (60%; n = 21) had body fat percentage above normal levels (> 25%) and a high risk for metabolic complications according to the waist circumference and the obesity index, however, there were no statistically significant differences between groups. The mean food intake, total fat, calories and protein were above recommended levels, being 58.8% for lipids (319.17 ± 241.02 mg of cholesterol and 17.42 ± 11.4 g saturated fatty acids); 29.4% for calories and 67.6% for proteins. Thus, regardless of the psoriasis type, an excessive consumption of calories, lipids, fatty acids, cholesterol and a higher incidence of overweight were found. CONCLUSION: The sample showed an abnormal nutritional condition, an increased risk for chronic diseases related to obesity, worsening of the psoriatic lesions, and poor quality of life.

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS ACCOMPANIED IN A REFERENCE CENTER IN A BRAZIL NORTHEAST REFERENCE CENTER

2021 ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
P Value ◽  
Reference Center ◽  
Informed Consent Form ◽  
Increased Risk

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune and inflammatory disease, chronic and progressive, highly limiting, which can be aggravated when the nutritional status of this patient has dystrophy, so the body composition can influence the activity of this disease. Objective: To evaluate the association between nutritional status and the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in a reference center in the northeast. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out in a rheumatology clinic of a reference center in Northeast Brazil (Recife / PE) with patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Anthropometric measurements of weight and height were taken to assess the parameter of Body Mass Index (BMI). Measures of waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC) were also taken to assess the parameters of waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), in order to investigate cardiovascular risk. The data were treated using the SPSS version 17.0 for Windows and Excel 2010. For the correlation analysis, the Chi-square test was used. The level of significance was set at 5%. The Bioethics Research Committee of the Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira (IMIP) approved the present study under nº 19163619.1.0000.5201 the participants signed the Informed Consent Form (ICF). Results: The study included 54 patients aged between 18 and 58 years old and a mean age of 47.26 years +/- 11.72 SD, 96.3% of whom were female. 42.9% of the studied population had obesity according to the Body Mass Index, followed by 35.7% with overweight. According to WC 52.6% had an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. WHR and WHtR found risk for cardiovascular diseases in 64.9% and 84.5%, respectively. The association between BMI and WC was 0.000 p-value, whereas for BMI and WHR, WHtR was 0.176 p-value and 0.095 p-value respectively. Conclusions: There was a prevalence of obesity and overweight in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, which may suggest a greater risk for disease activity, and difficulty in controlling symptoms.

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