Protective Effect of Probiotics Isolated from Traditional Fermented Tea Leaves (Miang) from Northern Thailand and Role of Synbiotics in Ameliorating Experimental Ulcerative Colitis in Mice

This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of probiotics and synbiotics from traditional Thai fermented tea leaves (Miang) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice, in comparison to sulfasalazine. C57BL/6 mice were treated with probiotics L. pentosus A14-6, CMY46 and synbiotics, L. pentosus A14-6 combined with XOS, and L. pentosus CMY46 combined with GOS for 21 days. Colitis was induced with 2% DSS administration for seven days during the last seven days of the experimental period. The positive group was treated with sulfasalazine. At the end of the experiment, clinical symptoms, pathohistological changes, intestinal barrier integrity, and inflammatory markers were analyzed. The probiotics and synbiotics from Miang ameliorated DSS-induced colitis by protecting body weight loss, decreasing disease activity index, restoring the colon length, and reducing pathohistological damages. Furthermore, treatment with probiotics and synbiotics improved intestinal barrier integrity, accompanied by lowing colonic and systemic inflammation. In addition, synbiotics CMY46 combined with GOS remarkedly elevated the expression of IL-10. These results suggested that synbiotics isolated from Miang had more effectiveness than sulfasalazine. Thereby, they could represent a novel potential natural agent against colonic inflammation.

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Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Carnosic Acid and Carnosol in Standardized Rosemary Extract and the Effect on the Disease Activity Index of DSS-Induced Colitis

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13030773 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 773

Author(s):

Jacob P. Veenstra ◽

Bhaskar Vemu ◽

Restituto Tocmo ◽

Mirielle C. Nauman ◽

Jeremy J. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Disease Activity ◽

Activity Index ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Disease Activity Index ◽

Carnosic Acid ◽

Rosemary Extract ◽

Oral Gavage ◽

Barrier Integrity ◽

Dietary Phytochemicals ◽

Intestinal Barrier Integrity

Rosemary extract (RE) is an approved food preservative in the European Union and contains dietary phytochemicals that are beneficial for gastrointestinal health. This study investigated the effects of RE on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis and also determined the pharmacokinetics of dietary phytochemicals administered to mice via oral gavage. Individual components of rosemary extract were separated and identified by LC–MS/MS. The pharmacokinetics of two major diterpenes from RE, carnosic acid (CA) and carnosol (CL), administered to mice via oral gavage were determined. Then, the effect of RE pre-treatment on the disease activity index (DAI) of DSS-induced colitis in mice was investigated. The study determined that 100 mg/kg RE significantly improved DAI in DSS-induced colitis compared to negative control. Sestrin 2 protein expression, which increased with DSS exposure, was reduced with RE treatment. Intestinal barrier integrity was also shown to improve via fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)–dextran administration and Western blot of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), a tight junction protein. Rosemary extract was able to improve the DAI of DSS-induced colitis in mice at a daily dose of 100 mg/kg and showed improvement in the intestinal barrier integrity. This study suggests that RE can be an effective preventative agent against IBD.

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Short-Chain Naphthoquinone Protects Against Both Acute and Spontaneous Chronic Murine Colitis by Alleviating Inflammatory Responses

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2021.709973 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Sonia Shastri ◽

Tanvi Shinde ◽

Krystel L. Woolley ◽

Jason A. Smith ◽

Nuri Gueven ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Activity Index ◽

Critical Role ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Disease Activity Index ◽

Sodium Sulphate ◽

Short Chain ◽

Cytokines And Chemokines

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterised by chronic, relapsing, idiopathic, and multifactorial colon inflammation. Recent evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in the onset and recurrence of this disease. Previous reports highlighted the potential of short-chain quinones (SCQs) for the treatment of mitochondrial dysfunction due to their reversible redox characteristics. We hypothesised that a recently described potent mitoprotective SCQ (UTA77) could ameliorate UC symptoms and pathology. In a dextran sodium sulphate- (DSS-) induced acute colitis model in C57BL/6J mice, UTA77 substantially improved DSS-induced body weight loss, disease activity index (DAI), colon length, and histopathology. UTA77 administration also significantly increased the expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins occludin and zona-occludin 1 (ZO-1), which preserved intestinal barrier integrity. Similar responses were observed in the spontaneous Winnie model of chronic colitis, where UTA77 significantly improved DAI, colon length, and histopathology. Furthermore, UTA77 potently suppressed elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in colonic explants of both DSS-treated and Winnie mice. These results strongly suggest that UTA77 or its derivatives could be a promising novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of human UC.

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Isolation, identification, and impact on intestinal barrier integrity of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum from fresh tea leaves (Camellia sinensis)

Bioscience of Microbiota Food and Health ◽

10.12938/bmfh.2020-083 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yuji TSUJIKAWA ◽

Masahiko SUZUKI ◽

Iwao SAKANE

Keyword(s):

Camellia Sinensis ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Tea Leaves ◽

Barrier Integrity ◽

Intestinal Barrier Integrity

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The Protective Effect of Cassia obtusifolia on DSS-Induced Colitis

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x11009032 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 39 (03) ◽

pp. 565-577 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Su-Jin Kim ◽

Koh-Woon Kim ◽

Dae-Seung Kim ◽

Min-Cheol Kim ◽

Yong-Deok Jeon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protective Effect ◽

Intestinal Inflammation ◽

Activity Index ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Disease Activity Index ◽

Nuclear Factor Κb ◽

Cassia Obtusifolia ◽

Activation Of Transcription ◽

Chronic Intestinal Inflammation

Cassia obtusifolia (CO) has been traditionally used in Korea to treat eye inflammation, photophobia, and lacrimation. However, the regulatory effect and molecular mechanism of CO in intestinal inflammation has not been understood. In this study, we investigate the protective effect of CO in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. CO reduced clinical signs of DSS-induced colitis, including body weight loss, shortened colon length, and increased disease activity index. The results show that CO significantly suppressed the levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in DSS-treated colon tissues. Additionally, we observed that CO reduced the activation of transcription nuclear factor-κB p65 in DSS-treated colon tissues. Taken together, these findings suggest that CO has improving effects on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis, which may explain its beneficial effect in the regulation of chronic intestinal inflammation.

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Gut Microbiota-Mediated Transformation of Coptisine Into a Novel Metabolite 8-Oxocoptisine: Insight Into Its Superior Anti-Colitis Effect

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2021.639020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Gaoxiang Ai ◽

Ziwei Huang ◽

Juanjuan Cheng ◽

Jianhui Xie ◽

Huifang Zeng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Activity Index ◽

Disease Activity Index ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Isoquinoline Alkaloid ◽

Inflammatory Parameters

Coptisine (COP) is a bioactive isoquinoline alkaloid derived from Coptis Chinemsis Franch, which is traditionally applied for the management of colitis. However, the blood concentration of COP was extremely low, and its gut microbiota-mediated metabolites were thought to contribute to its prominent bioactivities. To comparatively elucidate the protective effect and underlying mechanism of COP and its novel gut microbiota metabolite (8-oxocoptisine, OCOP) against colitis, we used dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to induce colitis in mice. Clinical symptoms, microscopic alternation, immune-inflammatory parameters for colitis were estimated. The results indicated that OCOP dramatically ameliorated disease activity index (DAI), the shortening of colon length and colonic histopathological deteriorations. OCOP treatment also suppressed the mRNA expression and release of inflammatory mediators (TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-18, IL-1β and IFN-γ) and elevated the transcriptional and translational levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) as well as the mRNA expression levels of adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1). Besides, the activation of NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome was markedly inhibited by OCOP. Furthermore, OCOP displayed superior anti-colitis effect to COP, and was similar to MSZ with much smaller dosage. Taken together, the protective effect of OCOP against DSS-induced colitis might be intimately related to inhibition of NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome. And the findings indicated that OCOP might have greater potential than COP to be further exploited as a promising candidate in the treatment of colitis.

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Chronic opioid use modulates human enteric microbiota and intestinal barrier integrity

Gut Microbes ◽

10.1080/19490976.2021.1946368 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 1946368

Author(s):

Angélica Cruz-Lebrón ◽

Ramona Johnson ◽

Claire Mazahery ◽

Zach Troyer ◽

Samira Joussef-Piña ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Opioid Use ◽

Barrier Integrity ◽

Intestinal Barrier Integrity ◽

Chronic Opioid Use

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Blockage of angiotensin II type 1 receptor regulates TNF-α-induced MAdCAM-1 expression via inhibition of NF-κB translocation to the nucleus and ameliorates colitis

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.00264.2009 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 298 (2) ◽

pp. G255-G266 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Takashi Mizushima ◽

Makoto Sasaki ◽

Tomoaki Ando ◽

Tsuneya Wada ◽

Mamoru Tanaka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Angiotensin Ii ◽

Activity Index ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Disease Activity Index ◽

Wild Type ◽

Inflammatory Conditions ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Novel Target ◽

Colitis Model

Mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MAdCAM-1) is an important target in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recently, treatment of IBD with an antibody to α4β7-integrin, a ligand for MAdCAM-1, has been an intense focus of research. Our aim was to clarify the mechanism by which MAdCAM-1 is regulated via angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), and to verify if AT1R might be a novel target for IBD treatment. The role of AT1R in the expression of MAdCAM-1 in SVEC (a murine high endothelial venule cell) and MJC-1 (a mouse colonic endothelial cell) was examined following cytokine stimulation. We further evaluated the effect of AT1R on the pathogenesis of immune-mediated colitis using AT1R-deficient (AT1R−/−) mice and a selective AT1R blocker. AT1R blocker significantly suppressed MAdCAM-1 expression induced by TNF-α, but did not inhibit phosphorylation of p38 MAPK or of IκB that modulate MAdCAM-1 expression. However, NF-κB translocation into the nucleus was inhibited by these treatments. In a murine colitis model induced by dextran sulfate sodium, the degree of colitis, judged by body weight loss, histological damage, and the disease activity index, was much milder in AT1R−/− than in wild-type mice. The expression of MAdCAM-1 was also significantly lower in AT1R−/− than in wild-type mice. These results suggest that AT1R regulates the expression of MAdCAM-1 under colonic inflammatory conditions through regulation of the translocation of NF-κB into the nucleus. Furthermore, inhibition of AT1R ameliorates colitis in a mouse colitis model. Therefore, AT1R might be one of new therapeutic target of IBD via regulation of MAdCAM-1.

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Herbal Medicine and Acupuncture Combined Treatment Attenuates Colitis in Rats

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x21500464 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Yu-Mi Lee ◽

Seung-Ho Seo ◽

Seong-Young Cho ◽

Dong-Hee Choi ◽

Min-Woo Cheon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Herbal Medicine ◽

Acupuncture Treatment ◽

Activity Index ◽

Combined Treatment ◽

Group Analysis ◽

Microbial Control ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Disease Activity Index ◽

Simultaneous Treatment ◽

Treatment Groups

This study aimed to verify the efficacy of a combined treatment of Jakyakgamcho-tang (JGT) and acupuncture (CV12, ST25, CV4) on colitis induced by dextrane sulfate sodium (DSS). Changes in immuno-mediated factors and metabolites were investigated. Colitis symptoms such as body weight loss and elevated disease activity index were alleviated by the combined treatment. Moreover, treatment with JGT and acupuncture restored the disturbed architecture of colon by suppressing inflammatory cytokine levels of IFN-[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]), IL-5 ([Formula: see text]), and IL-13 ([Formula: see text]) compared with the DSS group. Analysis of metabolic profiles of serum revealed that treatment groups were clearly separated from the DSS group, suggesting that JGT and acupuncture treatment altered serum metabolites. Furthermore, treatments caused opposite metabolite patterns for dimethylbenzimidazole, 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol, proline, phosphate, glycolic acid, aspartic acid, tryptophan, phthalic acid, ornithine, and glutamic acid compared with the DSS group. The combined treatment group induced more effective metabolite patterns than the JGT group, implying that acupuncture treatment can restore metabolic changes caused by DSS induction. These results indicate that the simultaneous treatment of JGT administration and acupuncture procedure provides better management of the immune function and inflammatory expression of colitis than a single treatment. It is assumed that intestinal microbial control can be achieved by acupuncture stimulation as well as by taking herbal medicine.

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