scholarly journals Illustration of the Importance of Adjustment for within- and between-Person Variability in Dietary Intake Surveys for Assessment of Population Risk of Micronutrient Deficiency/Excess Using an Example Data Set

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Johanna H. Nel ◽  
Nelia P. Steyn ◽  
Marjanne Senekal
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Public Health Nutrition ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Recall Data ◽  
Usual Intake ◽  
Dietary Surveys

Nutrition intervention decisions should be evidence based. Single 24-h recalls are often used for measuring dietary intake in large dietary studies. However, this method does not consider the day-to-day variation in populations’ diets. We illustrate the importance of adjustment of single 24-h recall data to remove within-person variation using the National Cancer Institute method to calculate usual intake when estimating risk of deficiency/excess. We used an example data set comprising a single 24-h recall in a total sample of 1326 1–<10-year-old children, and two additional recalls in a sub-sample of 11%, for these purposes. Results show that risk of deficiency was materially overestimated by the single unadjusted 24-h recall for vitamins B12, A, D, C and E, while risk of excess was overestimated for vitamin A and zinc, when compared to risks derived from usual intake. Food sources rich in particular micronutrients seemed to result in overestimation of deficiency risk when intra-individual variance is not removed. Our example illustrates that the application of the NCI method in dietary surveys would contribute to the formulation of more appropriate conclusions on risk of deficiency/excess in populations to advise public health nutrition initiatives when compared to those derived from a single unadjusted 24-h recall.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Dietary Intake of Antioxidants and Treatment-Related Toxicity in Childhood Leukemia: A Report From the DALLT Cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (19) ◽  
pp. 2151-2159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena J. Ladas ◽  
Traci M. Blonquist ◽  
Maneka Puligandla ◽  
Manuela Orjuela ◽  
Kristen Stevenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Childhood Leukemia ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Childhood All ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Dietary Surveys ◽  
Disease Free

PURPOSE The benefits and risks of supplementation with antioxidants during cancer therapy have been a controversial area. Few studies have systematically evaluated dietary intake of antioxidants with toxicity and survival in childhood cancer. We sought to determine the role of dietary intake of antioxidants on rates of infections, mucositis, relapse, and disease-free survival during induction and postinduction phases of therapy among children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). PATIENTS AND METHODS We enrolled 794 children in a prospective clinical trial for treatment of ALL. Dietary intake was prospectively evaluated by a food frequency questionnaire. The association between dietary intake of antioxidants and treatment-related toxicities and survival were evaluated with the Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate (q) and logistic regression and the Kaplan-Meier method, respectively. RESULTS Dietary surveys were available for analysis from 614 (77%), and 561 (71%) participants at diagnosis and at end of induction, respectively. Of 513 participants who completed the dietary surveys at both time points, 120 (23%) and 87 (16%) experienced a bacterial infection and 22 (4%) and 55 (10%) experienced mucositis during the induction or postinduction phases of treatment, respectively. Increased intake of dietary antioxidants was associated with significantly lower rates of infection and mucositis. No association with relapse or disease-free survival was observed. Supplementation was not associated with toxicity, relapse, or survival. CONCLUSION Consumption of antioxidants through dietary intake was associated with reduced rates of infection or mucositis, with no increased risk of relapse or reduced survival. Dietary counseling on a well-balanced diet that includes an array of antioxidants from food sources alone may confer a benefit from infections and mucositis during treatment of childhood ALL.

scholarly journals Provincial Dietary Intake Study (PDIS): Micronutrient Intakes of Children in a Representative/Random Sample of 1- to <10-Year-Old Children in Two Economically Active and Urbanized Provinces in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5924
Author(s):  
Marjanne Senekal ◽  
Johanna Nel ◽  
Sonia Malczyk ◽  
Linda Drummond ◽  
Nelia P. Steyn
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Folate Intake ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Recall Data ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Representative Random Sample

In 1999, the National Food Consumption Survey found serious risk of dietary deficiency for a number of micronutrients in 1- to 9-year-old children in South Africa. To address these shortfalls, fortification with vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folic acid, iron and zinc of maize meal and bread flour was made mandatory in 2003. The aim of this study was to examine micronutrient intakes of 1- to <10-year-old children after nearly 20 years of fortification in two of the most urbanized and economically active provinces, Gauteng (GTG) and the Western Cape (WC). A multistage stratified cluster random sampling design and methodology was used. Households were visited by fieldworkers who interviewed caregivers and obtained dietary intake data by means of a multiple-pass 24-h recall. Two additional 24-h recalls were completed among a nested sample of 146 participants to adjust the single 24-h recall data of the total sample using the National Cancer Institute Method. Results show that median intake of all the fortification nutrients were above the estimated average requirement (EAR), with the only concern being folate in the WC. Between a quarter and a third of children in the WC, where maize porridge intake was significantly lower than in GTG, had a folate intake below the EAR. Nutrients that are not included in the fortification mix that remain a serious concern are calcium and vitamin D, with intake of dairy and vitamin D sources being very limited in both provinces. The improvement in micronutrient intakes of children is encouraging, however the outstanding nutrient deficiency risks need attention.

scholarly journals Usual Dietary Intake of Resistant Starch in US Adults from NHANES 2015–2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (10) ◽  
pp. 2738-2747
Author(s):  
Derek C Miketinas ◽  
Kavitha Shankar ◽  
Madhura Maiya ◽  
Mindy A Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Food Category ◽  
Usual Intake ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Age Category

ABSTRACT Background Resistant starch (RS) confers many health benefits, mostly due to nonenzymatic human digestion and gut microbiota fermentation capacity. The usual intake of naturally occurring dietary RS in US adults is unclear. Objectives This study estimated usual daily RS intake in grams per 1000 kcal in US adults by sex, age, and ethnic group, as well as the most frequent food category contributing to RS intake using data from the NHANES 2015–2016. Methods RS content of foods consumed was matched with Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies food codes. The National Cancer Institute method was used to estimate adults’ usual RS intake from 2 24-h dietary recalls. Day 1 RS contribution from food groups to overall RS intake was ranked for the total sample, across age-sex categories, and across ethnic groups. Results In total, 5139 US adults (48.4% male) had a mean daily usual intake of RS of 1.9 ± 0.0 g/(1000 kcal⋅d). Males and females had a similar intake of RS [2.0 ± 0.0 g compared with 1.9 ± 0.0 g/(1000 kcal⋅d)] with no differences between sexes within the same age category. When comparing ethnic groups within each age category, the non-Hispanic white males and females had significantly lower RS intake than all other ethnic groups [range: 1.7–1.8 compared with 2.1–2.3 g RS/(1000 kcal⋅d), respectively], with no differences among the other ethnic groups. French fries and other fried white potatoes, rice, and beans, peas, and legumes were the most frequently consumed food categories contributing to RS intake in all adults. Conclusions US adults should improve the intake of natural RS food sources. Increasing RS intake will improve gastrointestinal health as a prebiotic and potentially increase insulin sensitivity with adequate consumption (e.g., ∼15 g/d).

scholarly journals Dietary Intake and Food Sources of Niacin, Riboflavin, Thiamin and Vitamin B6 in a Representative Sample of the Spanish Population. The ANIBES Study

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Mielgo-Ayuso ◽  
Raquel Aparicio-Ugarriza ◽  
Josune Olza ◽  
Javier Aranceta-Bartrina ◽  
Ángel Gil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Spanish Population ◽  
Food Sources

scholarly journals Dietary intake and food sources of one-carbon metabolism nutrients in preschool aged children

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1179-1193
Author(s):  
Rachael M. Taylor ◽  
Roger Smith ◽  
Clare E. Collins ◽  
Tiffany-Jane Evans ◽  
Alexis J. Hure
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
One Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Preschool Aged Children

scholarly journals Dietary Intake of Vitamin D in the Czech Population: A Comparison with Dietary Reference Values, Main Food Sources Identified by a Total Diet Study

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svatava Bischofova ◽  
Marcela Dofkova ◽  
Jitka Blahova ◽  
Radek Kavrik ◽  
Jana Nevrla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Total Diet Study ◽  
Czech Population ◽  
Dietary Reference Values ◽  
Total Diet ◽  
Diet Study

The usual dietary intake of vitamin D was studied in 10 subgroups of the Czech population. Food consumption data was collected using repeated 24 h recall in a national cross-sectional survey (the Study of Individual Food Consumption, SISP04), and the vitamin D content in marketed foods was quantified within the national Total Diet Study (2014–2015). The Monte Carlo Risk Assessment computational model (version MCRA 8.2) was used to assess usual intake. The median vitamin D intakes for the Czech population (aged 4–90 years, both genders) were within a range of 2.5–5.1 μg/day. The highest median intake, excluding dietary supplements, was observed in men aged 18–64, and the lowest was observed in children aged 4–6 and girls aged 11–17. The main sources in the diet were hen eggs (21–28% of usual dietary intake), fine bakery wares (11–19%), cow’s milk and dairy products (7–23%), meat and meat products (4–12%), fish (6–20%), and margarines (7–18%). The dietary intake of vitamin D for more than 95% of the Czech population was below the recommended Dietary Reference Values (DRVs). These findings should encourage public health authorities to support interventions and education and implement new regulatory measures for improving intake.

scholarly journals Effects of Institutional Quality on FDI in Provinces of Vietnam: Empirical Evidence Based on Differenced Panel GMM

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 26-45
Author(s):  
Bon Nguyen Van
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

Foreign direct investment (FDI) has been strongly affecting the world economy during the past years and is a critical topic for both developing and developed countries. Most countries, particularly developing ones, always attempt to adjust and modify appropriate policies and institutions to attract FDI inflows. In the context of Vietnam, does the institutional quality have any effect on attracting FDI inflows in provinces? To answer clearly and exactly this question, the impact of institutional quality on attracting FDI inflows is empirically investigated in a sample of 43 provinces of Vietnam over the period of 2005–2012 via the estimation technique of difference panel GMM. Estimated results indicate that in the total sample of all provinces the institutional quality has significantly positive effects on the FDI flows. However, in the sub-sample of provinces the impact of the institutional quality on attracting FDI inflows in Northern and Southern regions are statistically significant while that in Central region is not.

scholarly journals Shortcomings of experimental economics to study human behavior: a reanalysis of Cohn et al. 2014, Nature 516, 86–89, ‘‘Business culture and dishonesty in the banking industry’’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Michel Hupé
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Business Culture ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Modeling And Simulations ◽  
Multiple Selves ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Financial Scandals ◽  
Bank Employees ◽  
Main Message

In the wake of financial scandals, Cohn and collaborators published a headline-grabber study in the field of behavioral economics. M.C. Villeval (2014) summarized the main message as follows, in News and Views of the Nature issue where the Cohn study was published: the “experiment shows that although bank employees behave honestly on average, their dishonesty increases when they make decisions after having been primed to think about their professional identity.” Cohn et al. thus provide evidence that “the incentives and the business culture developed in the financial sector may undermine the honesty norms of ordinary employees.” This study may have important consequences for policy, since, Villeval continues, “it is crucial to ensure a business culture of honesty in this industry to restore trust in it.” Villeval also argues that “from a scientific perspective, this study […] supports the economic theory of social identity […], links this theory with the economic analysis of lying behavior [… and] shows how behavioural economists can contribute to a broader reflection in science about how people manage their 'multiple selves' ”. Here I show that the use of flawed statistics methods, yet employed routinely in so-called “evidence-based” science, led the authors to distort the “evidence”. I am also using this data-set as an interesting example to explore how we can use modeling and simulations to provide a fair account of the information and uncertainty conveyed by the data, based on Confidence Intervals. I provide the R-code. Based on this paper, I question the contribution of behavioral economics to the understanding of human behavior and conclude with considerations on honesty and science.

scholarly journals Innovative approaches to estimate individual usual dietary intake in large-scale epidemiological studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Conrad ◽  
Ute Nöthlings
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Food Records ◽  
Usual Intake ◽  
Innovative Approaches

Valid estimation of usual dietary intake in epidemiological studies is a topic of present interest. The aim of the present paper is to review recent literature on innovative approaches focussing on: (1) the requirements to assess usual intake and (2) the application in large-scale settings. Recently, a number of technology-based self-administered tools have been developed, including short-term instruments such as web-based 24-h recalls, mobile food records or simple closed-ended questionnaires that assess the food intake of the previous 24 h. Due to their advantages in terms of feasibility and cost-effectiveness these tools may be superior to conventional assessment methods in large-scale settings. New statistical methods have been developed to combine dietary information from repeated 24-h dietary recalls and FFQ. Conceptually, these statistical methods presume that the usual food intake of a subject equals the probability of consuming a food on a given day, multiplied by the average amount of intake of that food on a typical consumption day. Repeated 24-h recalls from the same individual provide information on consumption probability and amount. In addition, the FFQ can add information on intake frequency of rarely consumed foods. It has been suggested that this combined approach may provide high-quality dietary information. A promising direction for estimation of usual intake in large-scale settings is the integration of both statistical methods and new technologies. Studies are warranted to assess the validity of estimated usual intake in comparison with biomarkers.

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