scholarly journals Residential Food Environment, Household Wealth and Maternal Education Association to Preschoolers’ Consumption of Plant-Based Vitamin A-Rich Foods: The EAT Addis Survey in Addis Ababa

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
Adane Kebede ◽  
Magnus Jirström ◽  
Alemayehu Worku ◽  
Kassahun Alemu ◽  
Hanna Y. Berhane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Food Environment ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Rich Food

Vitamin A deficiency is common among preschoolers in low-income settings and a serious public health concern due to its association to increased morbidity and mortality. The limited consumption of vitamin A-rich food is contributing to the problem. Many factors may influence children’s diet, including residential food environment, household wealth, and maternal education. However, very few studies in low-income settings have examined the relationship of these factors to children’s diet together. This study aimed to assess the importance of residential food availability of three plant-based groups of vitamin A-rich foods, household wealth, and maternal education for preschoolers’ consumption of plant-based vitamin A-rich foods in Addis Ababa. A multistage sampling procedure was used to enroll 5467 households with under-five children and 233 residential food environments with 2568 vendors. Data were analyzed using a multilevel binary logistic regression model. Overall, 36% (95% CI: 34.26, 36.95) of the study children reportedly consumed at least one plant-based vitamin A-rich food group in the 24-h dietary recall period. The odds of consuming any plant-based vitamin A-rich food were significantly higher among children whose mothers had a higher education level (AOR: 2.55; 95% CI: 2.01, 3.25), those living in the highest wealth quintile households (AOR: 2.37; 95% CI: 1.92, 2.93), and in residentials where vitamin A-rich fruits were available (AOR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.41). Further research in residential food environment is necessary to understand the purchasing habits, affordability, and desirability of plant-based vitamin A-rich foods to widen strategic options to improve its consumption among preschoolers in low-income and low-education communities.

scholarly journals Early neonatal vitamin A supplementation and infant mortality: an individual participant data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Infant Survival ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Maternal Vitamin ◽  
Early Infant ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundBiannual vitamin A supplementation is a well-established survival tool for preschool children 6 months and older in vitamin A deficient populations but this schedule misses the opportunity to intervene on most young infant deaths. Randomised trials of neonatal vitamin A supplementation (NVAS) in the first few days of life to assess its impact on under 6-month mortality in low/middle-income countries have had varying results.MethodsInvestigators of 11 published randomised placebo-controlled NVAS trials (n=163 567 children) reanalysed their data according to an agreed plan and pooled the primary outcomes of mortality from supplementation through 6 and 12 months of age using random effects models and meta-regression. One investigator withdrew but allowed use of the data.FindingsOverall there was no effect of NVAS on infant survival through 6 (risk ratio (RR) 0.97; 95% CI 0.89 to 1.06) or 12 months of age (RR 1.00; 95% CI 0.93 to 1.08) but results varied by study population characteristics.NVAS significantly reduced 6-month mortality among the trials conducted in Southern Asia (RR 0.87; 95% CI 0.77 to 0.98), in contexts with moderate or severe vitamin A deficiency (defined as 10% or higher proportion of women with serum retinol <0.7 µmol/L or 5% or more women with night blindness) (RR 0.87; 95% CI 0.80 to 0.94), early infant mortality was 30 or more per 1000 live births (RR 0.91; 95% CI 0.85 to 0.98), 75% or more of infant mortality occurred in the first 6 months of life (RR 0.92; 95% CI 0.84 to 1.01), or where >32% mothers had no schooling (RR 0.88; 95% CI 0.80 to 0.96). NVAS did not reduce mortality in the first 6 months of life in trials conducted in Africa, in contexts characterised by a low prevalence of vitamin A deficiency, lower rates of infant mortality and where maternal education was more prevalent. There was a suggestion of increased infant mortality in trials conducted in Africa (RR 1.07; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.15).Individual-level characteristics such as sex, birth weight, gestational age and size, age at dosing, parity, time of breast feeding initiation, maternal education and maternal vitamin A supplementation did not modify the impact of NVAS.ConclusionNVAS reduced infant mortality in South Asia, in contexts where the prevalence of maternal vitamin A deficiency is moderate to severe and early infant mortality is high; but it had no beneficial effect on infant survival in Africa, in contexts where the prevalence of maternal vitamin A deficiency is lower, early infant mortality is low.

scholarly journals Efficacy of deep learning methods for predicting under-five mortality in 34 low-income and middle-income countries

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e034524
Author(s):  
Adeyinka Emmanuel Adegbosin ◽  
Bela Stantic ◽  
Jing Sun
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Middle Income Countries

ObjectivesTo explore the efficacy of machine learning (ML) techniques in predicting under-five mortality (U5M) in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) and to identify significant predictors of U5M.DesignThis is a cross-sectional, proof-of-concept study.Settings and participantsWe analysed data from the Demographic and Health Survey. The data were drawn from 34 LMICs, comprising a total of n=1 520 018 children drawn from 956 995 unique households.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure was U5M; secondary outcome was comparing the efficacy of deep learning algorithms: deep neural network (DNN); convolution neural network (CNN); hybrid CNN-DNN with logistic regression (LR) for the prediction of child’s survival.ResultsWe found that duration of breast feeding, number of antenatal visits, household wealth index, postnatal care and the level of maternal education are some of the most important predictors of U5M. We found that deep learning techniques are superior to LR for the classification of child survival: LR sensitivity=0.47, specificity=0.53; DNN sensitivity=0.69, specificity=0.83; CNN sensitivity=0.68, specificity=0.83; CNN-DNN sensitivity=0.71, specificity=0.83.ConclusionOur findings provide an understanding of determinants of U5M in LMICs. It also demonstrates that deep learning models are more efficacious than traditional analytical approach.

Moderate maternal vitamin A deficiency alters myogenic regulatory protein expression and perinatal organ growth in the rat

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (1) ◽  
pp. R73-R79 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Downie ◽  
C. Antipatis ◽  
M. I. Delday ◽  
C. A. Maltin ◽  
A. A. Sneddon
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Myogenic Regulatory Factor ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Increased Risk

Vitamin A deficiency is one of the most common dietary deficiencies in the developing world and is a major health concern where it is associated with increased risk of fetal and infant mortality and morbidity. Early studies in the rat demonstrated that, in addition to respiratory problems, neonates showed evidence of mobility problems in response to moderate vitamin A deficiency. This study investigated whether moderate deficiency of this vitamin plays a role in regulating key skeletal muscle regulatory pathways during development. Thirty female rats were fed vitamin A-moderate (VAM) or vitamin A-sufficient diets from weaning and throughout pregnancy. Fetal and neonatal hindlimb and muscle samples were collected on days 13.5, 15.5, 17.5, and 19.5 of pregnancy and 1 day following birth. Mothers fed the VAM diet had reduced retinol concentrations at all time points studied ( P < 0.01), and neonates had reduced relative lung weights ( P < 0.01). Fetal weight and survival did not differ between groups but neonatal survival was lower in the VAM group where neonates had increased relative heart weights ( P < 0.05). Analysis of myogenic regulatory factor expression and calcineurin signaling in fetuses and neonates demonstrated decreased protein levels of myf5 [50% at 17.5 dg ( P < 0.05)], myogenin [70% at birth ( P < 0.001)], and myosin heavy chain fast [50% at birth ( P < 0.05)] in response to moderate vitamin A deficiency. Overall, these changes suggest that vitamin A status during pregnancy may have important implications for fetal muscle development and subsequent muscle function in the offspring.

scholarly journals Night Blindness in Cystic Fibrosis: The Key Role of Vitamin A in the Digestive System

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Norsa ◽  
Laura Zazzeron ◽  
Marialaura Cuomo ◽  
Laura Claut ◽  
Anna Marta Clotilde Bulfamante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Intestinal Failure ◽  
Intestinal Resection ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Cholestatic Liver Disease

Vitamin A is a fundamental micronutrient that regulates various cellular patterns. Vitamin A deficiency (VAT) is a worldwide problem and the primary cause of nocturnal blindness especially in low income countries. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a known risk factor of VAD because of liposoluble vitamin malabsorption due to pancreatic insufficiency. We describe a case of a 9-year-old girl who experienced recurrent episodes of nocturnal blindness due to profound VAD. This little girl is paradigmatic for the explanation of the key role of the gut–liver axis in vitamin A metabolism. She presents with meconium ileus at birth, requiring intestinal resection that led to a transient intestinal failure with parenteral nutrition need. In addition, she suffered from cholestatic liver disease due to CF and intestinal failure-associated liver disease. The interaction of pancreatic function, intestinal absorption and liver storage is fundamental for the correct metabolism of vitamin A.

Association Between Maternal Education and Childhood Mortalities in Myanmar

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 689-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaing Soe ◽  
Paula Holland ◽  
Ceu Mateus
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Comprehensive Health ◽  
Health Survey Data ◽  
Context Specific

Maternal education is widely regarded as a core social determinant of child mortality in low-income countries. In Myanmar, the evidence related to context-specific social determinants of health including maternal education is scarce, limiting grounds to advocate for a comprehensive health policy. Employing multivariate methods, the study analyzed the 2015-2016 Demographic Health Survey data exploring independent effect of maternal education on neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality. The study found that maternal education was not significantly associated with neonatal mortality as its effect was confounded by household wealth and geographic residence; however, it had independent effect on infant and under-5 mortality. Mothers with primary education had 23% reduction in the odds of under-5 mortality ( P < .001); those with secondary level had 40% reduction ( P < .001); and those at higher level had 62% reduction ( P < .001). The study concluded that maternal education is a critical social determinant of childhood mortalities in Myanmar.

scholarly journals The determinant of National Vitamin A supplementation in Ethiopia: A Multilevel Logistic Regression Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed M. Oumer ◽  
Zelalem Mengestu ◽  
Sewbesew Yitayih ◽  
Malede Mequanent ◽  
Ayenew Molla
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Linear Mixed Effect Model ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation

Abstract Background: Vitamin A deficiency is a public health problem in many low-income countries including Ethiopia. Globally, the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency is estimated to be 190 million among children under-five age causing one up to two million deaths annually.Its periodic supply is a major intervention program to reduce the morbidity, mortality, and blindness among the children in Ethiopia. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine associated factors of national vitamin A supplementationamong children aged 6-59 monthsusing the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey Data. Methods: A population based cross-sectional study design wasperformed to determine factors associated with the vitamin A supplyamong children aged between 6 and 59 monthswithin the last six months before the start of the survey. A univariateanalysis, bivariate analysis, binary logistic regression, and generalized linear mixed effect model were appliedto analyze the data. Results: After adjusting for covariates; the odds of taking vitamin A supply were 1.3 times, 1.7 times, and 1.8 times higher among the women who had two, three, and four and above antenatal care visits, respectively. The mothers’ employment status, health cheek up after their delivery,and theirhealth facility delivery were positively influence the uptake of the vitamin A capsule. In addition,women residing in the communities with high proportion of the media exposure[AOR (Adjusted Odds Ratio) = 1.17 (95%CI: 1.00, 1.37)]were positively associated with the receipt of vitamin A capsule.Random effects indicated that the variation on the uptake of vitamin A supplementation between the communities was statistically significant in all stage of the models. Conclusions: The individual and community level characteristics had a significant influence on the uptake of vitamin A supplementation. Therefore, these factors should be considered in policy formulation and programming in order to improve the coverage of vitamin A supplementation in Ethiopia. Keywords: Vitamin A supply, associated factors, multilevellogistic regression analysis, Ethiopia

scholarly journals Vitamin A-Deficient Hosts Become Nonsymptomatic Reservoirs of Escherichia coli-Like Enteric Infections

2015 ◽  
Vol 83 (7) ◽  
pp. 2984-2991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlin L. McDaniel ◽  
Katherine H. Restori ◽  
Jeffery W. Dodds ◽  
Mary J. Kennett ◽  
A. Catharine Ross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Enteric Infections ◽  
Systemic Cytokine Production ◽  
Susceptible Populations

Vitamin A deficiency (A−) remains a public health concern in developing countries and is associated with increased susceptibility to infection.Citrobacter rodentiumwas used to model humanEscherichia coliinfections. A−mice developed a severe and lethal (40%) infection. Vitamin A-sufficient (A+) mice survived and cleared the infection by day 25. Retinoic acid treatment of A−mice at the peak of the infection eliminatedC. rodentiumwithin 16 days. Inflammation levels were not different between A+and A−mouse colons, although the A−mice were still infected at day 37. Increased mortality of A−mice was not due to systemic cytokine production, an inability to clear systemicC. rodentium, or increased pathogenicity. Instead, A−mice developed a severe gut infection with most of the A−mice surviving and resolving inflammation but not eliminating the infection. Improvements in vitamin A status might decrease susceptibility to enteric pathogens and prevent potential carriers from spreading infection to susceptible populations.

scholarly journals High dose vitamin A capsules – Rusty bullets?

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Ane B Fisker ◽  
Ted Greiner
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Magic Bullet ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
The Impact ◽  
High Dose Vitamin

High-dose vitamin A capsules (HDVAC) are distributed to preschool children in low-income countries on the assumption that they reduce mortality and treat vitamin A deficiency. As for other so-called magic bullet approaches, donors and policy makers consider their large-scale distribution highly cost-effective. Consequently, other ways to improve vitamin A status have received less attention; both donors and governments assume HDVAC are doing most of what needs to be done. Yet, the only evidence for an effect on mortality comes from 25-year-old studies and this effect no longer appears to be substantial. Surprisingly, impact evaluations have been absent. The only study that might be considered an effectiveness or impact evaluation found HDVAC had no effect in northern India. It is not widely appreciated that the impact of HDVAC on vitamin A status is limited, temporary and not cumulative over time. Nor can it be given to women except immediately after giving birth, and thus it is an inappropriate intervention for tackling vitamin A deficiency. To ensure that we use limited resources wisely, we need to identity and scale up strategies which combat vitamin A deficiency and reduce mortality.

scholarly journals Consumer perceptions and demand for biofortified sweet potato-based biscuit: The case of Akarabo golden power biscuit in Rwanda

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (63) ◽  
pp. 8941-8955
Author(s):  
JJ Okello ◽  
◽  
K Sindi ◽  
J Low ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Consumer Perceptions ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato ◽  
The Way

Certain varieties of sweet potato , especially orange -fleshed, are being promoted as part of the strategy to combat vitamin A deficiency in children and pregnant mothers. However , the consumption of sweet potato is more widespread in rural households where it is mainly boiled or eaten raw. The lack of value addition exclude s majority of urban and higher income consumers who consider sweet potato an inferior product . At the same time low income urban households that would be interested in consuming sweet potatoes are not able to receive regular supplies from the rural producing are as due to perishability and bulkiness of the produce. This study examines consumer perception s and demand for value -added biofortified biscuit derived from the vitamin A-rich orange fleshed sweet potato in Rwanda. Specifically, it assesses consumer perceptions and preference for biofortified biscuit, consumer willingness to pay for biofortified biscuit and consumers ’ rating of the biofortified biscuit. It uses data from 1085 consumers stratified by income level s drawn from consumers in several urban market s of Rwanda . The study finds very favorable rating of the taste, color, packaging, looks, and sweetness for the biofortified biscuit . It also finds higher willingness to pay (WTP) for the biofortified biscuit among consumers from low and low/middle income groups. However, the study finds mixed results of WTP for the biofortifed sweet potato among consumers in the high income neigborhoods. Also, contrary to expectations, t he study finds no evidence that knowledge of vitamin A increases consumer rating for the biofortified biscuit, suggesting that the promotion campaigns did not change the way consumers perceive the biofortified sweet potato , perhaps due to the way the campaign was designed . The study concludes t hat the biofortified biscuit is currently more acceptable among the low and low/middle end income categories probably because of greater promotion at these levels . However , it has a high potential for the high and medium income groups as evident from the high rating it received among these groups . The paper discusses the implications of these findings and suggests a need for more detailed studies and indepth quantitative analysis of consumer perceptions and WTP for orange -fleshed sweet potato .

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document