scholarly journals Lupins and Health Outcomes: A Systematic Literature Review

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Lesley Bryant ◽  
Anna Rangan ◽  
Sara Grafenauer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Nutrient Profile ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Lupin Protein ◽  
Meta Analyses

Lupins have a unique nutrient profile among legumes and may have beneficial health effects when included in the diet. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of lupin on a range of health outcome measures. Databases included MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL, and focused on controlled intervention studies on healthy adults and those with chronic disease such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and overweight. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol was followed. Investigated intervention diets utilised whole lupin, lupin protein or lupin fibre, and outcomes were measured by markers of chronic disease, body weight and satiety. Quality assessment of results was performed using the Cochrane revised risk of bias tool. Overall, 21 studies with 998 participants were included: 12 using whole lupin, four used lupin protein and five lupin fibre. Beneficial changes were observed in 71% of studies that measured blood pressure, 83% measuring satiety and 64% measuring serum lipids. Unintended weight loss occurred in 25% of studies. Whole lupin demonstrated more consistent beneficial effects for satiety, glycaemic control and blood pressure than lupin protein or lupin fibre. Heterogeneity, low study numbers and a small participant base indicated further studies are required to strengthen current evidence particularly regarding the protein and dietary fibre components of lupin.

Effects of exercise and diet on chronic disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian K. Roberts ◽  
R. James Barnard
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Overwhelming Evidence ◽  
The World

Currently, modern chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, Type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cancer, are the leading killers in Westernized society and are increasing rampantly in developing nations. In fact, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension are now even commonplace in children. Clearly, however, there is a solution to this epidemic of metabolic disease that is inundating today’s societies worldwide: exercise and diet. Overwhelming evidence from a variety of sources, including epidemiological, prospective cohort, and intervention studies, links most chronic diseases seen in the world today to physical inactivity and inappropriate diet consumption. The purpose of this review is to 1) discuss the effects of exercise and diet in the prevention of chronic disease, 2) highlight the effects of lifestyle modification for both mitigating disease progression and reversing existing disease, and 3) suggest potential mechanisms for beneficial effects.

scholarly journals Physical activity versus metformin for increasing insulin sensitivity in children and adolescents at-risk for type 2 diabetes

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Andrew D Hanna ◽  
Natalie V Scime
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pediatric Populations

Global rates of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among children and adolescents are steadily rising. As such, an increasing amount of attention and research has begun to focus on strategies to prevent this chronic and burdensome disease in pediatric populations. The purpose of this article is to briefly review current evidence pertaining to the effectiveness of physical activity versus metformin in improving insulin sensitivity of children at-risk (ie, obese and/or insulin resistant) for developing T2D. Potential barriers to each preventative intervention will also be discussed. Physical activity, both aerobic and resistance, has demonstrated effectiveness in a moderate number of demographically diverse pediatric studies. However, the pediatric population is already alarmingly sedentary with barriers such as lack of motivation, social stigma and discomfort presenting a challenge. A small number of studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of metformin in children and adolescents for improved insulin sensitivity. However, longer and larger studies are required to confirm these findings and elucidate upon the long-term safety and efficacy of this pharmaceutical in pediatric populations. While no head-to-head studies examining physical activity and metformin exist in pediatric populations and more research is needed, current evidence seems to favour the use of physical activity given the larger quantity of studies and generalizability of its beneficial effects. Thus, physical activity should be emphasized in clinical and public health practice when targeting at-risk children and adolescents to prevent a T2D diagnosis.

scholarly journals Dietary fibre and cardiovascular health: a review of current evidence and policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Elizabeth Louise Evans
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

Dietary fibre comprises many different, mainly plant-based, compounds that are not fully digested in the human gut. Insoluble fibres include cellulose, hemi-celluloses and lignin and soluble fibres include pectins, β-glucan and hydro-colloids. In the UK, the daily recommended amount has increased to 30 g but only 13 % of men and 4 % of women meet this recommendation. Currently the mean intake for adults is 21 g for men and 17 g for women. There is a wealth of epidemiological evidence based on systematic reviews of trials and cohorts to support the higher fibre recommendation. This includes evidence of reductions in the risk for CVD (both heart disease and stroke) and lower risk of type 2 diabetes, lower blood pressure, lower LDL-cholesterol, as well as some cancers. Beneficial effects of fibre operate via a diverse range of mechanisms throughout the digestive system including the mouth, stomach and small and large intestine; some of which are still not completely understood. The updated recommendation for fibre is a long way from a typical British diet and requires several daily portions of fruit and vegetables and wholegrain foods. Improving dietary fibre intakes will require a variety of actions and policies from stakeholders; however, there is currently more of a focus on reducing sugar than increasing fibre. In order to increase the number of adults meeting the fibre recommendation, social marketing and labelling of high-fibre foods are warranted as well as reformulation and wider availability of wholegrain versions of popular foods.

The effects of dietary nitrate on blood pressure and endothelial function: a review of human intervention studies

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ditte A. Hobbs ◽  
Trevor W. George ◽  
Julie A. Lovegrove
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Blood Pressure Reduction ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Dietary Nitrate ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Healthy Humans

Evidence has accumulated in recent years that suggests that nitrate from the diet, particularly vegetables, is capable of producing bioactive NO in the vasculature, following bioconversion to nitrite by oral bacteria. The aim of the present review was to consider the current body of evidence for potential beneficial effects of dietary nitrate on blood pressure and endothelial function, with emphasis on evidence from acute and chronic human intervention studies. The studies to date suggest that dietary nitrate acutely lowers blood pressure in healthy humans. An inverse relationship was seen between dose of nitrate consumed and corresponding systolic blood pressure reduction, with doses of nitrate as low as 3 mmol of nitrate reducing systolic blood pressure by 3 mmHg. Moreover, the current studies provide some promising evidence on the beneficial effects of dietary nitrate on endothelial function.In vitrostudies suggest a number of potential mechanisms by which dietary nitrate and its sequential reduction to NO may reduce blood pressure and improve endothelial function, such as: acting as a substrate for endothelial NO synthase; increasing vasodilation; inhibiting mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and platelet aggregation. In conclusion, the evidence for beneficial effects of dietary nitrate on blood pressure and endothelial function is promising. Further long-term randomised controlled human intervention studies assessing the potential effects of dietary nitrate on blood pressure and endothelial function are needed, particularly in individuals with hypertension and at risk of CVD.

Increased Ratio between Serum β- and α-Lipoproteins during Diuretic Therapy: An Adverse Effect?

1978 ◽  
Vol 55 (s4) ◽  
pp. 325s-328s ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Glück ◽  
G. Baumgartner ◽  
P. Weidmann ◽  
E. Peheim ◽  
C. Bachmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Diuretic Therapy ◽  
Lipoprotein Fraction ◽  
Serum Lipoproteins ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

1. The effect of diuretic therapy on serum lipids and lipoprotein fractions was evaluated in 16 normal or labile hypertensive subjects who received in cross-over fashion chlorthalidone, frusemide or mefruside, each for 4 weeks (group A); and in 13 patients with essential hypertension treated with chlorthalidone for 6 weeks (group B). 2. All three diuretics significantly increased the ratio between serum β- and α-lipoprotein fractions. This was due to an increase of the serum β-lipoprotein fraction while the α-lipoprotein fraction was not changed significantly (group A) or decreased (group B). Serum cholesterol or triglycerides tended to be increased, but mean changes were often not significant. 3. The observed alterations in serum lipoproteins are consistent with the possibility of an increased risk for coronary heart disease which could offset partly the beneficial effects of a lowered blood pressure in diuretic-treated patients with hypertension.

The Beneficial Effects of the DPP-4 Inhibitor Alogliptin on Hemoglobin A1c and Serum Lipids in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Drug Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (01) ◽  
pp. 18-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kusunoki ◽  
D. Sato ◽  
T. Nakamura ◽  
Y. Oshida ◽  
H. Tsutsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Primary prevention of nephropathy in obese type 2 diabetic patient

Open Medicine ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-381
Author(s):  
Plamen Yovchevski ◽  
Zhivka Boneva
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Body Weight Reduction ◽  
Calorie Diet

AbstractWe report a case of a 36-year-old obese man who presented with newly onset diabetes mellitus type 2 and hypertension. The estimated value of glomerular filtration rate — 203.7 ml/min was associated with the patient being at high risk of developing progressive renal disease. In this case, in order to prevent nephropathy, the preferred therapy was a gradual bodyweight reduction. A low-calorie diet providing an 800 kcal/day deficit was recommended to the patient, as well as an increase in physical activity. After a total weight reduction of 50 kg (33% of initial bodyweight), the patient’s glomerular filtration, body mass index, and blood pressure normalized without any drug therapy. Glucose, blood pressure and lipid target levels can only be simultaneously achieved through body-weight reduction. In the presented case, we show the beneficial effects of bodyweight reduction, and dietary and physical activity changes on high glomerular filtration rate. Bodyweight reduction stops the cascade of events that are caused by glomerular hyperfiltration and the progression toward irreversible renal damage.

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