Whole Grain Consumption and Inflammatory Markers: A Systematic Literature Review of Randomized Control Trials

Whole grain foods are rich in nutrients, dietary fibre, a range of antioxidants, and phytochemicals, and may have potential to act in an anti-inflammatory manner, which could help impact chronic disease risk. This systematic literature review aimed to examine the specific effects of whole grains on selected inflammatory markers from human clinical trials in adults. As per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) protocol, the online databases MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, and Scopus were searched from inception through to 31 August 2021. Randomized control trials (RCTs) ≥ 4 weeks in duration, reporting ≥1 of the following: C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), were included. A total of 31 RCTs were included, of which 16 studies recruited overweight/obese individuals, 12 had pre-existing conditions, two were in a healthy population, and one study included participants with prostate cancer. Of these 31 RCTs, three included studies with two intervention arms. A total of 32 individual studies measured CRP (10/32 were significant), 18 individual studies measured IL-6 (2/18 were significant), and 13 individual studies measured TNF (5/13 were significant). Most often, the overweight/obese population and those with pre-existing conditions showed significant reductions in inflammatory markers, mainly CRP (34% of studies). Overall, consumption of whole grain foods had a significant effect in reducing at least one inflammatory marker as demonstrated in 12/31 RCTs.

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Are Prophylactic Systemic Antibiotics Necessary with Nasal Packing? A Systematic Review

American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy ◽

10.2500/ajra.2017.31.4454 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 240-247 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jessica L. Lange ◽

Erin H. Peeden ◽

Scott P. Stringer

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Systematic Literature Review ◽

Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽

Prophylactic Antibiotics ◽

Nasal Packing ◽

Randomized Control Trials ◽

Toxic Shock ◽

Randomized Control ◽

Systemic Antibiotics

Background The use of prophylactic systemic antibiotics with nasal packing has been a controversial topic. There are few evidence-based studies to determine the need for prophylactic systemic antibiotics. We performed a systematic literature review to determine the role of prophylactic systemic antibiotics with nasal packing in the prevention of toxic shock syndrome and local nasal infections. Objective The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic literature review to determine the role of prophylactic systemic antibiotics with nasal packing in the prevention of toxic shock syndrome and local nasal infections. Methods A search for studies that reviewed the efficacy of prophylactic systemic antibiotics in the prevention of toxic shock or nasal infections and/or sinusitis for patients with nasal packing for epistaxis and postoperative septoplasties was performed. This was conducted in a number of medical literature data bases by following the methods of the 2009 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Only English publications and human studies that were randomized control trials, quasi-randomized control trials, controlled clinical trials, retrospective studies, and case series were included. Results Six studies, with a total of 990 patients, met the inclusion criteria for the review and were included. Primary outcomes were signs and symptoms of nasal or sinus infections in patients who underwent nasal packing for epistaxis or septoplasty. There were no reports of toxic shock syndrome in any patients, and there was no statistical difference in purulent drainage in patients who had septoplasty (9.9 versus 11.2%) treated with or without antibiotics. Conclusion There is a paucity of literature that reviewed the need for prophylactic systemic antibiotics with nasal packing. The available literature does not show a significant benefit to the use of antibiotics with nasal packing, but the studies were underpowered to detect such a difference. One must consider the associated risks of prophylactic antibiotics to the patient as well when deciding to prescribe prophylactic antibiotics.

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Systematic Literature Review of Randomized Control Trials Assessing the Effectiveness of Nutrition Interventions in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior ◽

10.1016/j.jneb.2010.01.004 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 251-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Kristofer Bandayrel ◽

Sharon Wong

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Literature Review ◽

Systematic Literature Review ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Randomized Control Trials ◽

Nutrition Interventions ◽

Randomized Control ◽

Community Dwelling Older Adults

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Data Mining Techniques for Disease Risk Prediction Model: A Systematic Literature Review

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing - Recent Trends in Data Science and Soft Computing ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-99007-1_4 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 40-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wan Muhamad Taufik Wan Ahmad ◽

Nur Laila Ab Ghani ◽

Sulfeeza Mohd Drus

Keyword(s):

Data Mining ◽

Literature Review ◽

Prediction Model ◽

Risk Prediction ◽

Systematic Literature Review ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Risk Prediction Model ◽

Data Mining Techniques

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How is the adequacy of micronutrient intake assessed across Europe? A systematic literature review

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114509990560 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 101 (S2) ◽

pp. S29-S36 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Garden Tabacchi ◽

Trudy M. A. Wijnhoven ◽

Francesco Branca ◽

Blanca Román-Viñas ◽

Lourdes Ribas-Barba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Systematic Literature Review ◽

Folate Intake ◽

Health Concern ◽

Healthy Population ◽

Nutrition Surveys ◽

Female Population ◽

Cut Point ◽

Micronutrient Intake ◽

Adequacy Assessment

EURopean micronutrient RECommendations Aligned is a network of excellence funded by the European commission, and established to address the problem of differences between countries in micronutrient recommendations as well as to understand how nutritional information including requirements and adequacy of intake is processed among different population groups. The aims of the present paper were to review the methods used for the adequacy assessment of the intake of six micronutrients of public health concern (vitamin A, folate, vitamin B12, Fe, Zn and iodine) in non-European and European nutrition surveys carried out on the apparently healthy population and to compare in particular the adequacy across surveys for folate intake. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify nutrition surveys that assessed micronutrient intake adequacy. The search yielded 9049 records, out of which 337 were eligible for the selected micronutrients. The majority (83·9 %) of the European surveys compared the adequacy of the nutrient intake against the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA); only a few surveys (8·0 %) used the estimated average requirement cut-point method, while none of them used the probability approach. The comparison of folate inadequacy across eight countries revealed that about 25 % of the adult female population had inadequate intakes when judged against the different recommendations used by the respective investigators, but nearly 75 % had inadequate intakes when compared against the estimated average requirement cut-point value of 320 μg/d. The present review showed that different methods were applied across Europe to estimate the adequacy of micronutrient intake, which led to different prevalence estimates of micronutrient inadequacy.

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Preventive treatments for recurrence after curative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma - A literature review of randomized control trials

World Journal of Gastroenterology ◽

10.3748/wjg.v9.i4.635 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 635 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Hui-Chuan Sun

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Literature Review ◽

Curative Resection ◽

Randomized Control Trials ◽

Randomized Control

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Whole Grain Foods and Heart Disease Risk

Journal of the American College of Nutrition ◽

10.1080/07315724.2000.10718963 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 19 (sup3) ◽

pp. 291S-299S ◽

Cited By ~ 166

Author(s):

James W. Anderson ◽

Tammy J. Hanna ◽

Xuejun Peng ◽

Richard J. Kryscio

Keyword(s):

Heart Disease ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Whole Grain ◽

Heart Disease Risk ◽

Grain Foods

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Placebo - More hatred than love

Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice ◽

10.4103/0976-3147.80089 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 02 (01) ◽

pp. 105-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zhang Hong-Liang

Keyword(s):

Medical Intervention ◽

Optimal Treatment ◽

Ethical Concern ◽

Healthy Population ◽

Randomized Control Trials ◽

Medical Conditions ◽

Laboratory Evidence ◽

Randomized Control ◽

The Way

ABSTRACTA placebo is a sham medical intervention that can produce a placebo eff ect. Laboratory evidence supports the existence of several mechanisms of placebo eff ects in both healthy population and patients with a variety of medical conditions. The ethics of placebos have long been debated. However, accumulating ethical concern has arisen from the worldwide use of placebo in randomized control trials (RCTs), which may render their participants without early and optimal treatment. Although the pilgrimage of placebo is still on the way, refi nement of controls in RCTs is worth paying new attention to.

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