Association between Diabetes and Dental Caries in Spanish Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study Including 23,089 Adults

The aim of the study was to investigate the cross-sectional association between diabetes and dental caries in a representative sample of 23,089 adults residing in Spain. Data from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017 were analysed. Diabetes (independent variable) and dental caries (dependent variable) were evaluated through a self-reported questionnaire. The association between diabetes and dental caries in the overall sample was assessed using logistic regression models adjusted for sex, age, marital status, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. The prevalence of dental caries was 20.6% in the overall population and was significantly higher in men and in young (≤40 years) and middle-aged adults (41–65 years) than in women and older adults (>65 years), respectively. After adjusting for control variables, there was a positive and significant association between diabetes and dental caries in the overall population (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.15–1.46). The relationship between diabetes and dental caries was particularly strong in women (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.22–1.71) and in adults aged ≤40 years (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.05–3.05). In conclusion, in this large representative sample of Spanish adults, diabetes was associated with having a higher prevalence of dental caries, with females and younger adults at greatest risk. Patients with diabetes and dental practitioners should be aware of these associations and act accordingly. Future research should aim to investigate the mediating factors involved in the observed association between diabetes and dental caries.

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Moderators of the association between discrimination and alcohol consumption: findings from a representative sample of Brazilian university students

Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy ◽

10.1590/2237-6089-2014-0039 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 72-81 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Isabela Zeni Coelho ◽

João Luiz Bastos ◽

Roger Keller Celeste

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Representative Sample ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

The United States ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

First Year Students ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

University Life

Introduction: Few studies about discrimination and patterns of alcohol consumption among youth populations have been conducted outside the United States addressing different types of discriminatory experiences, in addition to racially motivated events. This study investigated moderators of the association between discrimination attributed to single and multiple reasons and patterns of alcohol consumption.Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled a representative sample (n = 1,264) of undergraduate students from Florianópolis, southern Brazil, in 2013. Analyses included adjustment of associations for covariates in ordinal logistic regression models and the examination of effect modification by common mental disorders, year of study and age.Results: Discrimination was reported by 65.8% of the students, and alcohol consumption, by 80.0%. Over half of the students reported being discriminated against for two or more reasons. The odds of alcohol-related problems were higher among lastyear students that reported discrimination (odds ratio [OR] = 1.9, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.0-3.4) or multiple reasons for being discriminated against (OR = 2.3, 95%CI 1.3- 4.3), when compared to first-year students that did not report discrimination. For the whole sample, there were no associations between discrimination, discrimination attributed to multiple reasons and patterns of alcohol consumption (OR = 1.0, 95%CI 0.8-1.4; and OR = 0.9, 95%CI 0.5-1.6).Conclusions: The effects of discrimination on the patterns of alcohol consumption are seen at a critical period in university life, specifically during the completion of undergraduate studies.

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Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding molar incisor hypomineralization among general dental practitioners in Saudi Arabia

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20213523 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 4225

Author(s):

Naji Hubaykan Alshammari ◽

Amjad Ali Almugren ◽

Jose Nazareno J. Lopez ◽

Samaher Mohammad Almarshedy

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chronic Illnesses ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Web Based ◽

Enamel Defect ◽

Dental Practitioners ◽

Molar Incisor Hypomineralization ◽

Permanent Molars

Background: Molar Incisor hypomineralizationis an enamel defect caused by a systemic disturbance that could have occurred during child development. It affects one or more permanent molars with or without incisors involvement. Many factors could contribute in presence of MIH, for instance, chronic illnesses during pregnancy or during the first three of childhood. However, the actual etiological factor has not been determined yet. The study aim is to evaluate the knowledge and the perception on MIH among GDPs in KSA.Methods: This is a descriptive cross sectional study, web-based survey conducted on 500 participants. An online questionnaire was distributed to all GDPs working in KSA. The data analysis done using SPSS version 23 (IBM Crop USA).Results: We found that the majority of GDPs perceptions were found that 64.7% had the thought that MIH is a public problem next to dental caries. When we assessed the perceptions about diagnosis MIH, it was found that 35.7% not confident and 58.3% showed some confidence in diagnosing the same. The dentists’ confidence about treating MIH showed that 49.5% were confident.Conclusions: We found that the majority of GDPs have a good knowledge. The perception was found that 64.7% had the thought that MIH is a public problem next to dental caries. When we assessed the perceptions about diagnosis MIH, it was found that 58.3% showed some confidence in diagnosing the same. The dentists’ confidence about treating MIH showed that 49.5% were confident.

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A large-scale population-based epidemiological study on the prevalence of central sensitization syndromes in Japan

10.21203/rs.3.rs-336937/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yasuo Haruyama ◽

Toshimi Sairenchi ◽

Koji Uchiyama ◽

Keisuke Suzuki ◽

Koichi Hirata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Sensitization ◽

Large Scale ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Future Research ◽

Coffee Intake ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Scale Population ◽

Potential Factors

Abstract To investigate the prevalence of CSS in a general population. A large-scale cross-sectional study on 21,661 residents (7,531 men, 14,130 women) in a community in Japan was performed. CSS were assessed using Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI-A, B). Participants with a CSI-A score ≥40 was defined as having CSS. Age, sex, district, CSI-B (10 CSS-related diseases), lifestyle, and mental health factors were rated in a self-reported survey. The prevalence of CSS and its relationship with potential factors were examined by sex using descriptive and logistic regression models. The prevalence of CSS was 5.4% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 5.1 to 5.7) in all participants. It significantly differed between men (3.6%, 95% CI 3.2 to 4.1) and women (6.3%, 95% CI 5.6 to 6.7). A CSI-A score ≥40 correlated with more than one CSI-B disease, exercise habits, sleeping hours per day, perceived stress, and resilience in both men and women. In women, age, ex-smokers, coffee intake (≥1 day per week), and alcohol intake correlated with CSS. The prevalence of CSS was 5.4% in the community examined and was higher in women than in men. CSS-related diseases and many factors correlated with CSS. The present results provide important information for future research on CSS.

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Prevalence and Associated-Factors for Entamoeba gingivalis in Adolescents in Southeastern Iran by Culture and PCR, 2017

Iranian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.18502/ijph.v49i2.3104 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maryam SHARIFI ◽

Fatemeh JAHANIMOGHADAM ◽

Zahra BABAEI ◽

Mohammad Ali MOHAMMADI ◽

Fatemeh SHARIFI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Culture Media ◽

Positive Association ◽

Later Life ◽

Antibiotic Consumption ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

School Age Children ◽

Candida Spp ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Dental Practitioners

Background: This study aimed to identify the prevalence and potential factors associated with Entamoeba gingivalis in adolescents in the city of Kerman, southeastern Iran, 2017. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 315 adolescents (mean age; 15 yr) consisting of 189 males and 126 females were randomly selected. For each adolescent, two specimens were collected for culturing and examination by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were performed to explore any association with demographic and clinical variables. Results: The prevalence of E. gingivalis was 11.7%. Totally, 30 (15.9%) males and 7 (5.6%) females were infected with E. gingivalis. The rate of infection in males was 2.8 times higher than that in females (P<0.001). Statistical analysis identified 4 major factors including sex (OR=4.12, P<0.001), gingival index with severe inflammation (OR = 50, P<0.001), Candida spp. infection (OR=4.41, P<0.001) and decay-missing- filled teeth [DMFT (OR=3.27, P<0.001)]. In contrast to the aforementioned factors, adolescents with history of antibiotic consumption were significantly protected from E. gingivalis infection (OR= 3.24, P<0.001). Culture media detected 9.2% (n= 29), whilst PCR identified 11.4% (n= 36) of infection. Conclusion: The present findings clearly demonstrate a positive association between E. gingivalis and distinct demographic and clinical risk determinants. Therefore, dental practitioners and health surveillance personnel should be aware of these confounding factors to rigorously detect and critically manage oral health issues in school-age children in order to prevent or at least minimize the eventual periodontal complications in later life.

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Lack of Social Support and Its Role on Self-Perceived Health in a Representative Sample of Spanish Adults. Another Aspect of Gender Inequality

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10071502 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1502

Author(s):

Julia Wärnberg ◽

Napoleón Pérez-Farinós ◽

María Julia Ajejas-Bazán ◽

Jéssica Pérez-López ◽

Juan Carlos Benavente-Marín ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Health Status ◽

Gender Inequality ◽

Perceived Health ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

National Health Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Social Support Scale ◽

Using Data

Self-perceived health has been used as a good estimator of health status and receiving affection can be a determining factor for good self-perceived health. The aim of the present study was to assess whether lack of social support (measured through Duke scale, which ranges from 11 to 55) was associated with poorer health status measured as self-perceived health, and whether that association was different between women and men. A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the 2017 Spanish National Health Survey. A descriptive study was performed, and logistic regression models were applied using self-perceived health as a dependent variable. Mean Duke score was 47.6 for men and 47.9 for women (p = 0.016). Moreover, 36.3% of women and 27.6% of men reported poor self-perceived health (p < 0.001). The multivariate analysis revealed that lower scores in Duke-UNC social support scale were associated with poorer health status. That association was higher in women than in men. Poor self-perceived health was also associated with low level of education and obesity, especially among women. There was gender inequality as regards health status associated with lack of social support. These results can help design prevention strategies to improve health.

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Streptococcus mutans Level Estimation in Saliva before and after Consumption of Chewable Probiotics among School Children

International Healthcare Research Journal ◽

10.26440/ihrj/0405.08358 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

pp. 120-125

Author(s):

Shinjini Dey ◽

Chanchal Singh ◽

Ankit Natani ◽

Hemeshwari Laishram ◽

Aishwarya Senthilkumar

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mutans Streptococci ◽

World Health ◽

Causative Organism ◽

Short Term ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dental Practitioners ◽

Before And After

INTRODUCTION: The World Health Organization (WHO) deemed probiotics to be the next most important immune defence system. Also known as the “friendly bacteria”, these lactobacilli-derived food supplements are the current trending weapons to fight against Streptococcus mutans, the prime causative organism for dental caries. AIM: To compare the levels of salivary mutans streptococci in children before and after short-term consumption of dental probiotic chewable containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus salivarius M18. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A cross-sectional study was performed on 10 healthy subjects in the age group of 6-12 years who were followed for 7 days. The assessment of S. mutans in saliva was done at baseline, 1 hour after consumption of probiotic chewable and after 7-day of intervention period using mitis salivarius bacitracin agar. The colonies of S. mutans were identified and counted using a digital colony counter.RESULTS: A statistically significant reduction of salivary S. mutans was recorded after consumption of the probiotic chewable on the 7th day in the probiotic group. Results were found to be statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) when the differences in the reduction of mutans streptococci counts with probiotic chewable and plain chewable on the 7th day were compared. CONCLUSION: The following study, based on its observations, does conclude that short term consumption of probiotic chewable displays a significant reduction in the level of salivary Streptococcus mutans in children. Thus, keeping in mind the idea that prevention is always better than cure, the awareness regarding probiotics as a therapy to prevent dental caries should be made among both dental practitioners, especially paediatric dentists as well as parents.

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Frequency distribution of dental caries disease among the local community of Harichand

Science and Technology Development Journal ◽

10.32508/stdj.v22i3.1704 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 314-316

Author(s):

Haroon Haroon ◽

Tauseef Ahmad ◽

Muhammad Khan ◽

Inamullah Inamullah ◽

Arif Jan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Large Scale ◽

Local Community ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Future Research ◽

Base Line ◽

Missing Teeth ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Male To Female

A cross-sectional study was designed to determine the dental caries disease and associated risk factors among the study subjects in Harichand, Pakistan. A total of 150 patients were investigated, of which male to female percentage was (77%) and (23%) respectively. The maximum tooth decay (33%) was found in the age (years) of 21-30. The results showed that decayed and missing teeth (DMT) were (57%), followed by decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) (27%) and filled teeth (FT) (16%). Most of the patients were suffering from score 6, (30%). The DMT and score 6 was recorded high among the study subjects in Harichand. This study will update the epidemiology of dental caries diseases, increase awareness, and provide the base line information for future research and intervention. Further studies are recommended on large scale.

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Multimorbidity due to chronic noncommunicable diseases in older adults: a population-based study

Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia ◽

10.1590/1981-22562019022.190253 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Bruna Cardoso Leite ◽

Danielle Samara Tavares de Oliveira-Figueiredo ◽

Fabiana Lucena Rocha ◽

Matheus Figueiredo Nogueira

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Skin Color ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

National Health Survey ◽

The State ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Noncommunicable Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Logistic Regression Models

Abstract Objective: To estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity arising from chronic noncommunicable diseases among older residents of the northeast of Brazil and to analyze its association with sociodemographic, behavioral and anthropometric factors. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 3,141 older participants of the National Health Survey (2013). The dependent variable was multimorbidity, and the independent variables were sociodemographic, behavioral and anthropometric indicators. Descriptive, bivariate analyzes and logistic regression models were applied. Results: The prevalence of multimorbidity was 23.7%, with the state of Alagoas having the highest prevalence (27.2%). The occurrence of multimorbidity was associated with the female sex (OR=1.33; p=0.002), age over 80 years (OR=1.35; p=0.019) and being overweight (OR =1.37 p= 0.001). The protective factors were brown skin color (OR=0.79; p=0.013) and low weight (OR =0.71; p=0.017). Conclusion: The prevalence of multimorbidity in community-dwelling older adults in the northeast of Brazil was almost one quarter of the study population, with the state of Alagoas having the highest prevalence. Sex, age, skin color and being overweight were associated with the outcome. Knowledge of these factors can guide health care in the prevention, control and reduction of complications of these diseases, and support the strengthening of health education strategies and policies.

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