scholarly journals Molecular Detection and Identification of Chlamydiaceae in the Eyes of Wild and Domestic Ruminant Hosts from Northern Spain

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 383
Author(s):  
Andrea Dias-Alves ◽  
Oscar Cabezón ◽  
Nicole Borel ◽  
Jorge Ramón López-Olvera ◽  
Gregorio Mentaberre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Ocular Disease ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Rupicapra Pyrenaica ◽  
Chlamydial Species ◽  
Chlamydia Pecorum ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Mountain Habitats ◽  
Pyrenean Chamois

Infections by Chlamydiae are associated with ocular disease in humans and animals. In this study, the presence and diversity of Chlamydia spp. was assessed in diseased and healthy eyes of domestic sheep and wild ruminants that share mountain habitats in northern Spain. The presence of Chlamydia spp. was tested by real-time PCR in 1786 conjunctival swabs collected from both eyes of 893 animals from mountain habitats in northern Spain, and chlamydial species were identified in the positive samples by ArrayTube microarray methods. Chlamydial DNA was detected in 0.6% (CI95% 0.2–1.3) of the Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica) and 1.4% (CI95% <0.01–8.1) of the sheep (Ovis aries) sampled, with Chlamydia pecorum the only chlamydial species identified. No association of C. pecorum with ocular disease or co-infection with Mycoplasma conjunctivae was found. Further studies on the pathogenesis of infectious keratoconjunctivitis are needed to better understand the ecology of C. pecorum and its possible role as a ruminant pathogen at the wildlife–livestock interface.

scholarly journals Inter-agency coordination fosters the recovery of the Pyrenean chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica at its western limit

Oryx ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Herrero ◽  
Inazio Garin ◽  
Carlos Prada ◽  
Alicia García-Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Rupicapra Pyrenaica ◽  
Sustainable Hunting ◽  
Pyrenean Chamois

AbstractTwo political jurisdictions in northern Spain, Navarre, where the Pyrenean chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica is categorized as Vulnerable, and Aragon, where it is huntable, coordinated management for the recovery of this subspecies at the western limit of its range. After an estimate of only a small population in 1992–1993 hunting was banned in Aragon and, in 1995–1996, monitoring of both populations began. In the two massifs where the subspecies lives, which lie across the border of the two jurisdictions, chamois populations increased from 33 to 136 and from 144 to 455 by 2007 (average annual increases were 15 and 11%, respectively). The subspecies was also located on a third massif, in 2002. After the recovery the ban against hunting was lifted in Aragon, in 2006, with a sustainable hunting quota based on 5% of the estimated minimum population size. We conclude that coordinated management between agencies in two jurisdictions has fostered the recovery of the Pyrenean chamois.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance in Pasteurellaceae Isolates from Pyrenean Chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica) and Domestic Sheep in an Alpine Ecosystem

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1686
Author(s):  
Irene Torres-Blas ◽  
Xavier Fernández Aguilar ◽  
Oscar Cabezón ◽  
Virginia Aragon ◽  
Lourdes Migura-García
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Rupicapra Pyrenaica ◽  
Pyrenean Chamois

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has spread worldwide due to the inappropriate use of antimicrobial drugs in human and veterinary medicine, becoming a public health problem. However, little is known about its occurrence and maintenance in wild animals, and very few studies have been carried out in ecosystems subjected to low human pressure. In our study, nasal and lung swabs were collected from hunted Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica), and nasal swabs from sympatric domestic sheep were also collected. The swabs were cultured in agar plates to obtain bacterial isolates from the Pasteurellaceae family. The presence of AMR was assessed in a total of 28 Pasteurellaceae isolates from 45 Pyrenean chamois, and 9 isolates from sympatric domestic sheep found in the National Hunting Reserve of Freser-Setcases (Northeastern Pyrenees, Spain). The isolates belonged to one of the following three species: Pasteurella multocida, Mannheimia haemolytica and Bibersteinia trehalosi. Some P. multocida and M. haemolytica isolates tested positive for AMR. The statistical analysis revealed no differences between the AMR levels from chamois and domestic sheep isolates. However, one P. multocida of chamois origin presented resistance to cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, which are antibiotics of critical importance for human health. Further studies are required to elucidate potential routes of dissemination of AMR genes in natural environments and assess any significant persistence in wildlife to design risk mitigation actions.

​Re-sequencing of Whole Genome Jordanian Awassi Ewes using Hiseq Sequencing Technology: Major Step Towards Sheep Genomic Selection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein Migdadi ◽  
Nizar Haddad ◽  
Ruba AlOmari ◽  
Mohammad Brake ◽  
Mustafa AlShdaifat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Major Step ◽  
Illumina Hiseq ◽  
Structure Variation ◽  
Awassi Sheep ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Number Variation ◽  
Paired End Sequencing

Background: Jordanian Awassi sheep (Ovis aries) is the dominant fat tail sheep breed that appeals to customers because of its various production systems, including fiber, meat and milk. This report is the first whole ewe genome sequence (WGS) of O. aries submitted in the NCBI database from Jordan. Methods: 64 Paired-end sequencing libraries were constructed and subjected to Illumina Hiseq 2500 sequencing system. High-quality reads were aligned against the reference sheep genome and detecting comprehensive sources (SNPs, InDels, SV, CNVs) of genetic variations. We have deposited data sequences at the NCBI under SRA (sequence reads archives) under the accession numbers SRR11128863, PRJNA574879. Result: Genome resequencing of Jordanian Awassi ewe was carried out with approximately 93.88 Gb with a mapping rate and effective mapping depths were 99.28% and 36.32. Around 19 million SNPs, 3,6 million InDels, 35,180 Structure variation and 13,524 copy number variation among the Jordanian ewe genome were detected. This wide range of genetic variation provides a framework for further genetic studies that will help understand the molecular basis underlying phenotypic variation of economically important traits in sheep and improve intrinsic defects in domestic sheep breeds.

Field metabolic rate and water turnover of red kangaroos and sheep in an arid rangeland: an empirically derived dry-sheep-equivalent for kangaroos

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Munn ◽  
T. J. Dawson ◽  
S. R. McLeod ◽  
D. B. Croft ◽  
M. B. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Field Metabolic Rate ◽  
Red Kangaroo ◽  
Resource Requirements ◽  
Comparative Measure

Sustainable management of pastures requires detailed knowledge of total grazing pressure, but this information is critically lacking in Australia’s rangelands where livestock co-occur with large herbivorous marsupials. We present the first comparative measure of the field metabolic rate (an index of food requirement) of Australia’s largest marsupial, the red kangaroo (Macropus rufus), with that of domestic sheep (Ovis aries; merino breed). We tested the assumption that the grazing pressure of red kangaroos is equivalent to 0.7 sheep, and show this to be a two-fold overestimation of their contribution to total grazing. Moreover, kangaroos had extraordinarily lower rates of water turnover, being only 13% that of sheep. Consequently, our data support arguments that the removal of kangaroos may not markedly improve rangeland capacity for domestic stock. Furthermore, given the low resource requirements of kangaroos, their use in consumptive and non-consumptive enterprises can provide additional benefits for Australia’s rangelands than may occur under traditional rangeland practices.

Description of Diploplastron dehorityi sp. nov. (Entodiniomorphida, Ophryoscolecidae), a new rumen ciliate from Brazilian sheep (Ovis aries)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4258 (6) ◽  
pp. 581 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCIANE CEDROLA ◽  
ROBERTO JÚNIO PEDROSO DIAS ◽  
ISABEL MARTINELE ◽  
MARTA D’AGOSTO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Ciliate Community ◽  
The Right ◽  
A New Species

To date the genus Diploplastron comprised only one species of ophryoscolecid ciliate, Diploplastron affine, which is characterized by having two retractable ciliary zones in the anterior end of the body, two slender and juxtaposed skeletal plates on the right side, a rod shape macronucleus, and two contractile vacuoles. During study on the characterization of rumen ciliate community composition in Brazilian domestic sheep, we observed ciliates with atypical morphology but with diagnostic features of genus Diploplastron. This study describes Diploplastron dehorityi, a new species of ophryoscolecid ciliate, that differs from D. affine, primarily, in the morphology of skeletal plates, morphology of nuclear apparatus and body shape. In addition to the similarities between the new species and congener species, D. dehorityi has some morphological similarities to species of genus Eremoplastron.

scholarly journals Differences in leukocyte differentiation molecule abundances on domestic sheep (Ovis aries) and bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) neutrophils identified by flow cytometry

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Highland ◽  
David A. Schneider ◽  
Stephen N. White ◽  
Sally A. Madsen-Bouterse ◽  
Donald P. Knowles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Bighorn Sheep ◽  
Ovis Canadensis ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Domestic Sheep

scholarly journals Comparison of Passively Transferred Antibodies in Bighorn and Domestic Lambs Reveals One Factor in Differential Susceptibility of These Species to Mannheimia haemolytica-Induced Pneumonia

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1133-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline N. Herndon ◽  
Sudarvili Shanthalingam ◽  
Donald P. Knowles ◽  
Douglas R. Call ◽  
Subramaniam Srikumaran
Keyword(s):  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Ovis Canadensis ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Mannheimia Haemolytica ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Impaired Ability

ABSTRACTMannheimia haemolyticaconsistently causes fatal bronchopneumonia in bighorn sheep (BHS;Ovis canadensis) under natural and experimental conditions. Leukotoxin is the primary virulence factor of this organism. BHS are more susceptible to developing fatal pneumonia than the related speciesOvis aries(domestic sheep [DS]). In BHS herds affected by pneumonia, lamb recruitment is severely impaired for years subsequent to an outbreak. We hypothesized that a lack of maternally derived antibodies (Abs) againstM. haemolyticaprovides an immunologic basis for enhanced susceptibility of BH lambs to population-limiting pneumonia. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the titers of Abs directed againstM. haemolyticain the sera of BH and domestic lambs at birth through 12 weeks of age. Results revealed that BH lambs had approximately 18-fold lower titers of Ab against surface antigens ofM. haemolyticaand approximately 20-fold lower titers of leukotoxin-neutralizing Abs than domestic lambs. The titers of leukotoxin-neutralizing Abs in the serum and colostrum samples of BH ewes were approximately 157- and 50-fold lower than those for domestic ewes, respectively. Comparatively, the higher titers of parainfluenza 3 virus-neutralizing Abs in the BH lambs ruled out the possibility that these BHS had an impaired ability to passively transfer Abs to their lambs. These results suggest that lower levels of leukotoxin-neutralizing Abs in the sera of BH ewes, and resultant low Ab titers in their lambs, may be a critical factor in the poor lamb recruitment in herds affected by pneumonia.

scholarly journals Impact Protection Potential of Mammalian Hair: Testing the Pugilism Hypothesis for the Evolution of Human Facial Hair

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E A Beseris ◽  
S E Naleway ◽  
D R Carrier
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Contest Competition ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Facial Hair

Abstract Because facial hair is one of the most sexually dimorphic features of humans (Homo sapiens) and is often perceived as an indicator of masculinity and social dominance, human facial hair has been suggested to play a role in male contest competition. Some authors have proposed that the beard may function similar to the long hair of a lion’s mane, serving to protect vital areas like the throat and jaw from lethal attacks. This is consistent with the observation that the mandible, which is superficially covered by the beard, is one of the most commonly fractured facial bones in interpersonal violence. We hypothesized that beards protect the skin and bones of the face when human males fight by absorbing and dispersing the energy of a blunt impact. We tested this hypothesis by measuring impact force and energy absorbed by a fiber epoxy composite, which served as a bone analog, when it was covered with skin that had thick hair (referred to here as “furred”) versus skin with no hair (referred to here as “sheared” and “plucked”). We covered the epoxy composite with segments of skin dissected from domestic sheep (Ovis aries), and used a drop weight impact tester affixed with a load cell to collect force versus time data. Tissue samples were prepared in three conditions: furred (n = 20), plucked (n = 20), and sheared (n = 20). We found that fully furred samples were capable of absorbing more energy than plucked and sheared samples. For example, peak force was 16% greater and total energy absorbed was 37% greater in the furred compared to the plucked samples. These differences were due in part to a longer time frame of force delivery in the furred samples. These data support the hypothesis that human beards protect vulnerable regions of the facial skeleton from damaging strikes.

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