scholarly journals Giardia duodenalis in Wildlife: Exploring Genotype Diversity in Italy and across Europe

Pathogens ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Isabel Guadano Procesi ◽  
Margherita Montalbano Di Filippo ◽  
Claudio De Liberato ◽  
Andrea Lombardo ◽  
Giuseppina Brocherel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Rupicapra Rupicapra ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Conflicting Evidence ◽  
Wild Host ◽  
Genotype Diversity ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
Alpine Chamois ◽  
Data Improvement

Fragmented data are so far available on genotype diversity of G. duodenalis in wildlife in different countries in Europe, in particular, in Italy. In the present study, G. duodenalis sequences obtained from different Italian wild animals [12 porcupines (Hystrix cristata), 4 wild boars (Sus scrofa), 1 wolf (Canis lupus italicus), 6 Alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra rupicapra)] were compared with those available from wild host species in Europe to add new data on the geographic distribution of Giardia assemblages/sub-assemblages and their transmission patterns among natural hosts. Thirty-eight sequences were obtained by MLG analysis (SSU-rRNA, bg, gdh, and tpi genes) and subsequently compared by phylogenetic and network analyses with those from wild species monitored in the last decades in Europe. The results revealed the presence of potentially zoonotic (A-AI, A-AII from wild boar; B from porcupine) and host-adapted (D from wolf; E, A-AIII from chamois) assemblages and sub-assemblages and represent the first report for Italian wild boar. The analysis did not find any evidence of spatial or host segregation for specific genetic variants, mostly shared between different hosts from different European countries. However, conflicting evidence was found in genotypic assignment, advocating for data improvement and new genomic approaches.

Dermatophilosis of Alpine Chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) in Italy

2002 ◽  
Vol 144 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. De Meneghi ◽  
E. Ferroglio ◽  
E. Bollo ◽  
L. Leon Vizcaino ◽  
A. Moresco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rupicapra Rupicapra ◽  
Alpine Chamois

scholarly journals Whole Genome Sequencing Refines Knowledge on the Population Structure of Mycobacterium bovis from a Multi-Host Tuberculosis System

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1585
Author(s):  
Ana C. Reis ◽  
Liliana C. M. Salvador ◽  
Suelee Robbe-Austerman ◽  
Rogério Tenreiro ◽  
Ana Botelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variant Calling ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Network Analyses

Classical molecular analyses of Mycobacterium bovis based on spoligotyping and Variable Number Tandem Repeat (MIRU-VNTR) brought the first insights into the epidemiology of animal tuberculosis (TB) in Portugal, showing high genotypic diversity of circulating strains that mostly cluster within the European 2 clonal complex. Previous surveillance provided valuable information on the prevalence and spatial occurrence of TB and highlighted prevalent genotypes in areas where livestock and wild ungulates are sympatric. However, links at the wildlife–livestock interfaces were established mainly via classical genotype associations. Here, we apply whole genome sequencing (WGS) to cattle, red deer and wild boar isolates to reconstruct the M. bovis population structure in a multi-host, multi-region disease system and to explore links at a fine genomic scale between M. bovis from wildlife hosts and cattle. Whole genome sequences of 44 representative M. bovis isolates, obtained between 2003 and 2015 from three TB hotspots, were compared through single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variant calling analyses. Consistent with previous results combining classical genotyping with Bayesian population admixture modelling, SNP-based phylogenies support the branching of this M. bovis population into five genetic clades, three with apparent geographic specificities, as well as the establishment of an SNP catalogue specific to each clade, which may be explored in the future as phylogenetic markers. The core genome alignment of SNPs was integrated within a spatiotemporal metadata framework to further structure this M. bovis population by host species and TB hotspots, providing a baseline for network analyses in different epidemiological and disease control contexts. WGS of M. bovis isolates from Portugal is reported for the first time in this pilot study, refining the spatiotemporal context of TB at the wildlife–livestock interface and providing further support to the key role of red deer and wild boar on disease maintenance. The SNP diversity observed within this dataset supports the natural circulation of M. bovis for a long time period, as well as multiple introduction events of the pathogen in this Iberian multi-host system.

Ecological drivers of group size in female Alpine chamois, Rupicapra rupicapra

Mammalia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Chirichella ◽  
Andrea Mustoni ◽  
Marco Apollonio
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Rupicapra Rupicapra ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Mammalian Herbivores ◽  
Alpine Chamois

AbstractIn large mammalian herbivores, an increase in herd size not only reduces predation risk but also energy intake. As a consequence, the size of the groups made up by herbivores is often assumed to be the outcome of a trade-off depending on local predation risk and food availability. We studied Alpine chamois (

scholarly journals Characterization of Immune System Cell Subsets in Fixed Tissues from Alpine Chamois ( Rupicapra rupicapra )

2016 ◽  
Vol 155 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Salvadori ◽  
J. Finlayson ◽  
T. Trogu ◽  
N. Formenti ◽  
P. Lanfranchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Rupicapra Rupicapra ◽  
Immune System Cell ◽  
System Cell ◽  
Alpine Chamois

Senescence in breeding success of female Alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra): the role of female quality and age

Oecologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 178 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Tettamanti ◽  
Stefano Grignolio ◽  
Flurin Filli ◽  
Marco Apollonio ◽  
Pierre Bize
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Success ◽  
Rupicapra Rupicapra ◽  
Female Quality ◽  
Alpine Chamois

scholarly journals Climate effects on demographic parameters in an unhunted population of Alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra)

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian S. Willisch ◽  
Katrin Bieri ◽  
Mark Struch ◽  
Ruth Franceschina ◽  
Reinhard Schnidrig-Petrig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Parameters ◽  
Rupicapra Rupicapra ◽  
Climate Effects ◽  
Alpine Chamois

Older conservatives: reproduction in female Alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) is increasingly risk-averse with age

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 311-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Morin ◽  
M. Rughetti ◽  
S. Rioux-Paquette ◽  
M. Festa-Bianchet
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Costs Of Reproduction ◽  
Rupicapra Rupicapra ◽  
Terminal Investment ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Alpine Chamois ◽  
Old Females ◽  
Investment Hypothesis

In long-lived mammals, costs of reproduction may vary with age. The terminal investment hypothesis predicts greater reproductive effort as females approach the end of their life expectancy. We monitored 97 individually marked female Alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra (L., 1758)) between 2007 and 2013 to determine how age-specific reproduction affected body mass and subsequent reproductive success. We captured and weighed females between April and August and monitored reproductive success from April to October through mother–kid associations. Reproductive success was strongly age-dependent and peaked at 70% for prime-aged females (4–7 years). Reproductive senescence began at 8 years, earlier than reported by other studies of ungulates. There was no clear evidence of reproductive costs in any age class. Reproductive success was very heterogeneous for old females, suggesting variability in the onset of senescence. Old females were less likely to reproduce in poor years despite being heavier than prime-aged females, suggesting reproductive restraint in late life rather than terminal investment. Female mass remained stable from May to August with no effect of lactation. Our results suggest that chamois reproductive strategy becomes increasingly conservative with age, resulting in no detectable costs of reproduction.

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