scholarly journals Pharmacokinetic Investigation of Commercially Available Edible Marijuana Products in Humans: Potential Influence of Body Composition and Influence on Glucose Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 817
Author(s):  
Taylor Russell Ewell ◽  
Kieran Shay Struebin Abbotts ◽  
Natasha N. Bondareva Williams ◽  
Hannah Michelle Butterklee ◽  
Matthew Charles Bomar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Peak Plasma ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Investigation ◽  
Matsuda Index ◽  
Recreational Marijuana ◽  
Maximal Plasma

The purpose of the study was to describe and compare the pharmacokinetics of five commercial edible marijuana products, determine the influence of body composition on pharmacokinetics, and, in light of epidemiology suggesting marijuana may offer diabetes protection, explore the influence of edible marijuana on glucose tolerance. Seven regular users of marijuana self-administered five edible products in a randomized crossover design; each product contained 10 mg of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Thirty minutes following marijuana ingestion, participants imbibed a 75 g glucose beverage. Time-to-peak plasma THC concentration ranged between 35 and 90 min; maximal plasma THC concentration (Cmax) ranged between 3.2 and 5.5 ng/mL. Differences between products in plasma THC concentration during the first 20–30 min were detected (p = 0.019). Relations were identified between body composition and pharmacokinetic parameters for some products; however, none of these body composition characteristics were consistently related to pharmacokinetics across all five of the products. Edible marijuana had no effect on oral glucose tolerance compared with a marijuana-free control (Matsuda Index; p > 0.395). Commercially available edible marijuana products evoke different plasma THC concentrations shortly after ingestion, but do not appear to influence acute glucose regulation. These data may allow recreational marijuana users to make informed decisions pertaining to rates of edible marijuana ingestion and avoid overdose.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetic Investigation of Commercially Available Edible Marijuana Products in Humans: Potential Influence of Body Composition and Influence on Glucose Control

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor Russell Ewell ◽  
Kieran Shay Streubin Abbotts ◽  
Natasha N. Bondareva Williams ◽  
Hannah Michelle Butterklee ◽  
Matthew Charles Bomar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Peak Plasma ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Investigation ◽  
Matsuda Index ◽  
Maximal Plasma

The purpose of the study was to describe and compare the pharmacokinetics of five commercial edible marijuana products, determine the influence of body composition on pharmacokinetics, and, in light of epidemiology suggesting marijuana may offer diabetes protection, explore the influence of edible marijuana on glucose tolerance. Seven regular users of marijuana self-administered five edible products in a randomized crossover design; each product contained 10mg of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). 30-minutes following marijuana ingestion, participants imbibed a 75g glucose beverage. Time-to-peak plasma THC concentration ranged between 35 and 90 minutes; maximal plasma THC concentration (Cmax) ranged between 3.2 and 5.5 ng/mL. Differences between products in plasma THC concentration during the first 20-to-30 minutes were detected (P=0.019). Relations were identified between body composition and pharmacokinetic parameters for some products; however, none of these body composition characteristics were consistently related to pharmacokinetics across all five of the products. Edible marijuana had no effect on oral glucose tolerance compared with a marijuana-free control (Matsuda Index; P>0.395). Commercially available edible marijuana products evoke different plasma THC concentrations shortly after ingestion, but do not appear to influence acute glucose regulation. These data may allow marijuana users to make informed decisions pertaining to rates of edible marijuana ingestion and avoid overdose.

scholarly journals QOL-43. ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC CHANGES IN CHILDREN TREATED FOR MEDULLOBLASTOMA

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii439-iii439
Author(s):  
Alexey Kalinin ◽  
Natalia Strebkova ◽  
Olga Zheludkova
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance

Abstract We examined 63 patients (40 males/23 females) after complex treatment of medulloblastoma. Patients had a median age (range) of 11.3 (5.5 ÷ 17.9) years. The median time after the end of treatment was 3.7 (1.5 ÷ 11.6) years. Endocrine disorders were detected with the following frequency: growth hormone deficiency - 98.41% (62 of 63 patients), thyroid hormone deficiency – 69.8% (44/63), adrenal hormone deficiency - 17.4% (11/63). Three cases (4.7%) of premature sexual development were also detected. Lipids levels, beta-cell function and insulin resistance (IR) during 2-h oral glucose tolerance test were evaluated. A mono frequent bioelectrical impedanciometer was used to measure body composition. Overweight (SDS BMI> 1) was observed only in 16 patients (3 girls and 13 boys), obesity (SDS BMI> 2) in 1 boy. Dyslipidemia was found in 34 patients (54%). All patients underwent oral glucose tolerance test. Insulin resistance (ISI Matsuda <2.5 and/or HOMA-IR> 3.2) was detected in 7 patients (11/1%), impaired glucose tolerance (120 min glucose ≥7.8 mmol / l) was observed in 2 patients with IR and in 2 patients without IR. At the same time, IR and impaired glucose tolerance were encountered in only 5 children with overweight and no one with obesity. All patients with impaired glucose tolerance had normal values of fasting glucose (4.3 ÷ 5.04 mmol / l) and HbA1c (4.8 ÷ 5.8%). A bioelectrical impedanciometer was used to measure body composition in 49 cases, the percentage of adipose tissue was increased in 14 patients (28%) with normal BMI.

scholarly journals Effect modification by ferritin on the relationship between inflammation and arterial stiffness in hypertensive patients with different glucose tolerance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Sciacqua ◽  
Ettore Ventura ◽  
Giovanni Tripepi ◽  
Velia Cassano ◽  
Graziella D'Arrigo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Effect Modifier ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Matsuda Index ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Backgroud: Ferritin, a crucial element for iron homeostasis, is associated with chronic diseases characterized by subclinical inflammation such as essential arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), showing a prognostic value in different clinical settings. We investigated whether ferritin is associated with arterial stiffness (AS), an early indicator of atherosclerosis, and if it could act as effect modifier on the relationship between inflammation and AS in hypertensive patients with different glucose tolerance.Methods: We enrolled 462 newly diagnosed untreated hypertensive (HT) patients. All subjects underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by MATSUDA index and ferritin levels were estimated by immunoradiometric assay. AS was definied by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV).Results: Out of 462 patients, 271 showed normal glucose tolerance (HT/NGT), 146 impaired glucose tolerance (HT/IGT) and 45 were diabetic (HT/T2DM). Iron levels significantly decreased and transferrin and ferritin significantly increased from the first to the third group. PWV values were significantly higher in HT/IGT and HT/T2DM patients. PWV was related directly with ferritin, high sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP), transferrin, and inversely with MATSUDA index. Ferritin resulted the strongest determinant of PWV explaining a 14.9% of its variation; moreover it was a strong modifier of the relationship between hs-CRP and PWV. The estimated augmentation in PWV portended by a fixed increase in hs-CRP, was higher across increasing values of ferritin.Conclusion: Ferritin represents an independent predictor of AS in our study population and a strong effect modifier on the relationship between inflammation and PWV.

Glucose control upon waking is unaffected by hourly sleep fragmentation during the night, but is impaired by morning caffeinated coffee

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (10) ◽  
pp. 1114-1120
Author(s):  
Harry A. Smith ◽  
Aaron Hengist ◽  
Joel Thomas ◽  
Jean-Philippe Walhin ◽  
Philippa Heath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Control ◽  
Peak Plasma ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Sleep Fragmentation ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Ingestion ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
Caffeinated Coffee

AbstractMorning coffee is a common remedy following disrupted sleep, yet each factor can independently impair glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in healthy adults. Remarkably, the combined effects of sleep fragmentation and coffee on glucose control upon waking per se have never been investigated. In a randomised crossover design, twenty-nine adults (mean age: 21 (sd 1) years, BMI: 24·4 (sd 3·3) kg/m2) underwent three oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT). One following a habitual night of sleep (Control; in bed, lights-off trying to sleep approximately 23.00–07.00 hours), the others following a night of sleep fragmentation (as Control but waking hourly for 5 min), with and without morning coffee approximately 1 h after waking (approximately 300 mg caffeine as black coffee 30 min prior to OGTT). Individualised peak plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were unaffected by sleep quality but were higher following coffee consumption (mean (normalised CI) for Control, Fragmented and Fragmented + Coffee, respectively; glucose: 8·20 (normalised CI 7·93, 8·47) mmol/l v. 8·23 (normalised CI 7·96, 8·50) mmol/l v. 8·96 (normalised CI 8·70, 9·22) mmol/l; insulin: 265 (normalised CI 247, 283) pmol/l; and 235 (normalised CI 218, 253) pmol/l; and 310 (normalised CI 284, 337) pmol/l). Likewise, incremental AUC for plasma glucose was higher in the Fragmented + Coffee trial compared with Fragmented. Whilst sleep fragmentation did not alter glycaemic or insulinaemic responses to morning glucose ingestion, if a strong caffeinated coffee is consumed, then a reduction in glucose tolerance can be expected.

scholarly journals Carrageenan-Free Diet Shows Improved Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Signaling in Prediabetes: A Randomized, Pilot Clinical Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo Feferman ◽  
Sumit Bhattacharyya ◽  
Erin Oates ◽  
Nicole Haggerty ◽  
Tianxiu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Arylsulfatase B ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
Matsuda Index ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
The Impact

Objectives. Carrageenan is well known to cause inflammation and is used in laboratory experiments to study mediators and treatments of inflammation. However, carrageenan is added to hundreds of processed foods to improve texture. Previous work indicated that low concentrations of carrageenan in drinking water caused marked glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in a mouse model. This exploratory, clinical study tested the impact of the no-carrageenan diet in prediabetes. Research Design and Methods. Participants with prediabetes (n=13), defined as HbA1c of 5.7%-6.4%, enrolled in a 12-week, randomized, parallel-arm, feeding trial. One group (n=8) was provided all meals and snacks with no carrageenan. A second group (n=5) received a similar diet with equivalent content of protein, fat, and carbohydrate, but with carrageenan. Blood samples were collected at baseline and during oral glucose tolerance tests at 6 and 12 weeks. The primary outcome measure was changed in %HbA1c between baseline and 12 weeks. Statistical analysis included paired and unpaired t-tests, correlations, and 2×2 ANOVAs. Results. Subjects on no carrageenan had declines in HbA1c and HOMA-IR (p=0.006, p=0.026; paired t-test, two tailed). They had increases in C-peptide (p=0.029) and Matsuda Index (2.1±0.7 to 4.8±2.3; p=0.052) and declines in serum IL-8, serum galectin-3, and neutrophil phospho-(Ser307/312)-IRS1 (p=0.049, p=0.003, and p=0.006; paired t-tests, two tailed). Subjects on the diet with carrageenan had no significant changes in these parameters. Significant differences between no-carrageenan and carrageenan-containing diet groups for changes from baseline to 12 weeks occurred in C-peptide, phospho-Ser-IRS1, phospho-AKT1, and mononuclear cell arylsulfatase B (p=0.007, p=0.038, p=0.0012, and p=0.0008; 2×2 ANOVA). Significant correlations were evident between several of the variables. Conclusions. Findings indicate improvement in HbA1c and HOMA-IR in participants on no-carrageenan diets, but not in participants on carrageenan-containing diets. Significant differences between groups suggest that removing carrageenan may improve insulin signaling and glucose tolerance. Larger studies are needed to further consider the impact of carrageenan on development of diabetes.

scholarly journals Serum angiopoietin-like 3 levels are elevated in obese non diabetic men but are unaffected during an oral glucose tolerance test

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fernanda Garcés ◽  
Julieth Daniela Buell-Acosta ◽  
Haiver Antonio Rodríguez-Navarro ◽  
Estefania Pulido-Sánchez ◽  
Juan José Rincon-Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Matsuda Index ◽  
Obese Subjects

AbstractThis study aimed to determine ANGPTL3 serum levels in healthy young lean and obese non-diabetic men during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and correlate them with anthropometric, biochemical and hormonal parameters. A case–control study was carried out and 30 young obese non-diabetic (23.90 ± 3.84 years and BMI 37.92 ± 4.85 kg/m2) and 28 age-matched healthy lean (24.56 ± 3.50 years and BMI of 22.10 ± 1.72 kg/m2) men were included in this study. The primary outcome measures were serum basal ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL3–area under the curve (AUC) levels. The percentage of body fat was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and biochemical, hormonal and insulin resistance indices were determined. Basal ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL3–AUC levels were significantly elevated (p < 0.05) in young obese subjects compared with lean subjects and were positively and significantly associated with different anthropometric measurements. Fasting ANGPTL3 serum levels were positively correlated with fasting insulin, leptin, Leptin/Adiponectin index and triglyceride—glucose index. Moreover, ANGPTL3–AUC was negatively correlated with Matsuda index. In this regard, chronically high ANGPTL3 levels in young obese subjects might favor triglyceride-rich lipoprotein clearance to replenish triglyceride stores by white adipose tissue rather than oxidative tissues.

scholarly journals Conjugated linoleic acid versus high-oleic acid sunflower oil: effects on energy metabolism, glucose tolerance, blood lipids, appetite and body composition in regularly exercising individuals

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 1001-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estelle V. Lambert ◽  
Julia H. Goedecke ◽  
Kerry Bluett ◽  
Kerry Heggie ◽  
Amanda Claassen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
High Oleic Acid ◽  
High Oleic

The aim of this study was to measure the effects of 12 weeks of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on body composition, RER, RMR, blood lipid profiles, insulin sensitivity and appetite in exercising, normal-weight persons. In this double-blind, randomised, controlled trial, sixty-two non-obese subjects (twenty-five men, thirty-seven women) received either 3·9 g/d CLA or 3·9 g high-oleic acid sunflower oil for 12 weeks. Prior to and after 12 weeks of supplementation, oral glucose tolerance, blood lipid concentrations, body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and computerised tomography scans), RMR, resting and exercising RER and appetite were measured. There were no significant effects of CLA on body composition or distribution, RMR, RER or appetite. During the oral glucose tolerance tests, mean plasma insulin concentrations (0, 30, 120 min) were significantly lower (P = 0·04) in women who supplemented with CLA (24·3 (sd9·7) to 20·4 (sd8·5) μU/ml) compared to high-oleic acid sunflower oil control (23·7 (sd9·8) to 26·0 (sd8·8) μU/ml). Serum NEFA levels in response to oral glucose were attenuated in both men and women in the CLA (P = 0·001) compared to control group. However, serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations decreased in both groups and HDL-cholesterol concentrations decreased in women over 12 weeks (P = 0·001,P = 0·02,P = 0·02, respectively). In conclusion, mixed-isomer CLA supplementation had a favourable effect on serum insulin and NEFA response to oral glucose in non-obese, regularly exercising women, but there were no CLA-specific effects on body composition, energy expenditure or appetite.

scholarly journals Effects of HRT and exercise training on insulin action, glucose tolerance, and body composition in older women

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 2033-2040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen M. Evans ◽  
Rachael E. Van Pelt ◽  
Ellen F. Binder ◽  
Daniel B. Williams ◽  
Ali A. Ehsani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Regional Body Composition ◽  
Main Effects

The independent and combined effects of exercise training and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on body composition, fat distribution, glucose tolerance, and insulin action were studied in postmenopausal women, aged 68 ± 5 yr, assigned to control ( n = 19), exercise ( n = 18), HRT ( n = 15), and exercise + HRT ( n = 16) groups. The exercise consisted of 2 mo of flexibility exercises followed by 9 mo of endurance exercise. HRT was conjugated estrogens 0.625 mg/day and trimonthly medroxyprogesterone acetate 5 mg/day for 13 days. Total and regional body composition were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum glucose and insulin responses were measured during a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test. There were significant main effects of exercise on reductions in total and regional (trunk, arms, legs) fat mass, increase in leg fat-free mass, and improvements in glucose tolerance and insulin action. There were significant main effects of HRT on the reduction of total fat mass (HRT, −3.0 ± 4.0 kg; no HRT, −1.3 ± 2.6 kg), with a strong trend for reductions in trunk and leg fat mass (both P = 0.07). There was also a significant improvement in insulin action in response to HRT. These results suggest that there are independent and additive effects of exercise training and HRT on the reduction in fat mass and improvement in insulin action in postmenopausal women; the effect of HRT on insulin action may be mediated, in part, through changes in central adiposity.

scholarly journals GH Replacement Improves Quality of Life and Metabolic Parameters in Cured Acromegalic Patients with Growth Hormone Deficiency

2012 ◽  
Vol 97 (11) ◽  
pp. 3983-3988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Giavoli ◽  
Eriselda Profka ◽  
Elisa Verrua ◽  
Cristina L. Ronchi ◽  
Emanuele Ferrante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Gh Replacement ◽  
Group A

Objective: Effects of GH replacement in patients with GH deficiency (GHD) after a cure for acromegaly so far have been poorly studied, although its prevalence among acromegalic patients may reach the 60%. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether metabolic parameters and quality of life are improved by GH replacement in patients with prior acromegaly and severe GHD. Design and Methods: This was a prospective study on 42 GHD subjects [22 men, mean age (sd): 48 ± 10]: 10 acromegalics treated with recombinant human GH (group A), 12 acromegalics who refused treatment (group B), and 20 subjects operated for nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma on recombinant human GH (group C). Serum IGF-I levels, lipid profile, glucose levels (fasting and after an oral glucose tolerance test), glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index), anthropometric parameters (body mass index, waist circumference, body composition), and quality of life (Questions on Life Satisfaction-Hypopituitarism Z-scores) were evaluated at baseline and after 12 and 36 months. Results: At baseline, group B showed higher IGF sd score than group A and C, as well as better quality of life and higher post-oral glucose tolerance test glucose levels than group A. After 12-months, similarly in group A and C, the IGF-I sd score significantly increased, and body composition and lipid profile improved, without deterioration of glucose tolerance. Quality of life significantly improved too, and the baseline difference between group A and B disappeared. Results were confirmed after 36 months. Conclusions: In GHD acromegalic patients, GH therapy improved body composition, lipid profile, and quality of life as in patients with GHD due to nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma, without negative effects on glucose metabolism. GH replacement therapy should be considered in these patients, as in patients with GHD from other causes.

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