scholarly journals Tunable Spun Fiber Constructs in Biomedicine: Influence of Processing Parameters in the Fibers’ Architecture

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Catarina S. Miranda ◽  
Ana Francisca G. Silva ◽  
Sílvia M. M. A. Pereira-Lima ◽  
Susana P. G. Costa ◽  
Natália C. Homem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Wet Spinning ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Great Length ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Spun Fiber

Electrospinning and wet-spinning have been recognized as two of the most efficient and promising techniques for producing polymeric fibrous constructs for a wide range of applications, including optics, electronics, food industry and biomedical applications. They have gained considerable attention in the past few decades because of their unique features and tunable architectures that can mimic desirable biological features, responding more effectively to local demands. In this review, various fiber architectures and configurations, varying from monolayer and core-shell fibers to tri-axial, porous, multilayer, side-by-side and helical fibers, are discussed, highlighting the influence of processing parameters in the final constructs. Additionally, the envisaged biomedical purposes for the examined fiber architectures, mainly focused on drug delivery and tissue engineering applications, are explored at great length.

scholarly journals Green Synthesis of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle for Antibacterial Activity: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-210
Author(s):  
Muhammad Isa Khan ◽  
Aliza Zahoor ◽  
Tahir Iqbal ◽  
Abdul Majid ◽  
Mohsin Ijaz
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Magnetic Characteristics ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticle ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticle

  Recently, different researchers find nanoparticles as an auspicious alternative to antibacterial agents due to their antibacterial behaviour. This antibacterial behaviour contributes in many biomedical applications including; tissue engineering, drug and gene delivery and, imaging. Furthermore, iron oxide nanoparticle gains much importance due to their magnetic characteristics and wide range of application. Iron oxide nanoparticle (IONPs) have exhibits great potential against bacteria. During the past decade, various routes were developed to synthesize iron oxide nanoparticle with suitable size and composition. This article reviews the recent iron oxide nanoparticle obtained by green synthesis with a focus on their response to antibacterial activities. The iron nanoparticles synthesized by green synthesis method has accumulated a vital attention over the last couple of years due to their unique characteristic as it makes sure environmental friendly, nontoxic and safe reagents.

Advances in nano-biomaterials and their applications in biomedicine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogita Patil-Sen
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
The Past ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Biomolecules Detection

Nano0technology has received considerable attention and interest over the past few decades in the field of biomedicine due to the wide range of applications it provides in disease diagnosis, drug design and delivery, biomolecules detection, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Ultra-small size and large surface area of nanomaterials prove to be greatly advantageous for their biomedical applications. Moreover, the physico-chemical and thus, the biological properties of nanomaterials can be manipulated depending on the application. However, stability, efficacy and toxicity of nanoparticles remain challenge for researchers working in this area. This mini-review highlights the recent advances of various types of nanoparticles in biomedicine and will be of great value to researchers in the field of materials science, chemistry, biology and medicine.

scholarly journals Improving the Performance of Phase-Change Perfluorocarbon Droplets for Medical Ultrasonography: Current Progress, Challenges, and Prospects

Scientifica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. Sheeran ◽  
Paul A. Dayton
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Change Agents ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range

Over the past two decades, perfluorocarbon (PFC) droplets have been investigated for biomedical applications across a wide range of imaging modalities. More recently, interest has increased in “phase-change” PFC droplets (or “phase-change” contrast agents), which can convert from liquid to gas with an external energy input. In the field of ultrasound, phase-change droplets present an attractive alternative to traditional microbubble agents for many diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Despite the progress, phase-change PFC droplets remain far from clinical implementation due to a number of challenges. In this review, we survey our recent work to enhance the performance of phase-change agents for ultrasound through a variety of techniques in order to provide increased efficacy in therapeutic applications of ultrasound and enable previously unexplored applications in diagnostic and molecular imaging.

scholarly journals Recent advances in porous microneedles: materials, fabrication, and transdermal applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leilei Bao ◽  
Jongho Park ◽  
Gwenaël Bonfante ◽  
Beomjoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Fluid Flows ◽  
Porous Structures ◽  
The Past ◽  
Portable Detection ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractIn the past two decades, microneedles (MNs), as a painless and simple drug delivery system, have received increasing attention for various biomedical applications such as transdermal drug delivery, interstitial fluid (ISF) extraction, and biosensing. Among the various types of MNs, porous MNs have been recently researched owing to their distinctive and unique characteristics, where porous structures inside MNs with continuous nano- or micro-sized pores can transport drugs or biofluids by capillary action. In addition, a wide range of materials, including non-polymers and polymers, were researched and used to form the porous structures of porous MNs. Adjustable porosity by different fabrication methods enables the achievement of sufficient mechanical strength by optimising fluid flows inside MNs. Moreover, biocompatible porous MNs integrated with biosensors can offer portable detection and rapid measurement of biomarkers in a minimally invasive manner. This review focuses on several aspects of current porous MN technology, including material selection, fabrication processes, biomedical applications, primarily covering transdermal drug delivery, ISF extraction, and biosensing, along with future prospects as well as challenges. Graphical abstract

Optical Properties of HVEM Accelerators

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 180-181
Author(s):  
A. Strojnik ◽  
J.W. Scholl ◽  
V. Bevc
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Electron Accelerator ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Electron Source ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Optical Behavior

The electron accelerator, as inserted between the electron source (injector) and the imaging column of the HVEM, is usually a strong lens and should be optimized in order to ensure high brightness over a wide range of accelerating voltages and illuminating conditions. This is especially true in the case of the STEM where the brightness directly determines the highest resolution attainable. In the past, the optical behavior of accelerators was usually determined for a particular configuration. During the development of the accelerator for the Arizona 1 MEV STEM, systematic investigation was made of the major optical properties for a variety of electrode configurations, number of stages N, accelerating voltages, 1 and 10 MEV, and a range of injection voltages ϕ0 = 1, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300 kV).

How SIMS microscopy can be used in medicine

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1602-1603
Author(s):  
Philippe Fragu
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Chemical Integrity ◽  
Scientific Endeavour

The identification, localization and quantification of intracellular chemical elements is an area of scientific endeavour which has not ceased to develop over the past 30 years. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) microscopy is widely used for elemental localization problems in geochemistry, metallurgy and electronics. Although the first commercial instruments were available in 1968, biological applications have been gradual as investigators have systematically examined the potential source of artefacts inherent in the method and sought to develop strategies for the analysis of soft biological material with a lateral resolution equivalent to that of the light microscope. In 1992, the prospects offered by this technique are even more encouraging as prototypes of new ion probes appear capable of achieving the ultimate goal, namely the quantitative analysis of micron and submicron regions. The purpose of this review is to underline the requirements for biomedical applications of SIMS microscopy.Sample preparation methodology should preserve both the structural and the chemical integrity of the tissue.

Pursuit of the Abscopal Effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 369-372
Author(s):  
Paul B. Romesser ◽  
Christopher H. Crane
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Immunology ◽  
Antitumor Immunity ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
Immune Modulators ◽  
Cancer Subtypes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tumor Irradiation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tumor Recognition

AbstractEvasion of immune recognition is a hallmark of cancer that facilitates tumorigenesis, maintenance, and progression. Systemic immune activation can incite tumor recognition and stimulate potent antitumor responses. While the concept of antitumor immunity is not new, there is renewed interest in tumor immunology given the clinical success of immune modulators in a wide range of cancer subtypes over the past decade. One particularly interesting, yet exceedingly rare phenomenon, is the abscopal response, characterized by a potent systemic antitumor response following localized tumor irradiation presumably attributed to reactivation of antitumor immunity.

The Many Pasts of Detective Fiction

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-172
Author(s):  
Thomas Leitch
Keyword(s):  
Detective Fiction ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Public History ◽  
Detective Novel ◽  
Sherlock Holmes ◽  
Detective Story ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Detective Novels ◽  
The Many

Building on Tzvetan Todorov's observation that the detective novel ‘contains not one but two stories: the story of the crime and the story of the investigation’, this essay argues that detective novels display a remarkably wide range of attitudes toward the several pasts they represent: the pasts of the crime, the community, the criminal, the detective, and public history. It traces a series of defining shifts in these attitudes through the evolution of five distinct subgenres of detective fiction: exploits of a Great Detective like Sherlock Holmes, Golden Age whodunits that pose as intellectual puzzles to be solved, hardboiled stories that invoke a distant past that the present both breaks with and echoes, police procedurals that unfold in an indefinitely extended present, and historical mysteries that nostalgically fetishize the past. It concludes with a brief consideration of genre readers’ own ambivalent phenomenological investment in the past, present, and future each detective story projects.

Nine Centuries of Man

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
Court Records ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Police Reports ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Scottish History ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

What did it mean to be a man in Scotland over the past nine centuries? Scotland, with its stereotypes of the kilted warrior and the industrial ‘hard man’, has long been characterised in masculine terms, but there has been little historical exploration of masculinity in a wider context. This interdisciplinary collection examines a diverse range of the multiple and changing forms of masculinities from the late eleventh to the late twentieth century, exploring the ways in which Scottish society through the ages defined expectations for men and their behaviour. How men reacted to those expectations is examined through sources such as documentary materials, medieval seals, romances, poetry, begging letters, police reports and court records, charity records, oral histories and personal correspondence. Focusing upon the wide range of activities and roles undertaken by men – work, fatherhood and play, violence and war, sex and commerce – the book also illustrates the range of masculinities that affected or were internalised by men. Together, the chapters illustrate some of the ways Scotland’s gender expectations have changed over the centuries and how, more generally, masculinities have informed the path of Scottish history

Free but fragile: Human relations amidst poverty and HIV in democratic South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Christina Landman
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Predominantly White ◽  
Black People ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
White People ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Black Township

Dullstroom-Emnotweni is the highest town in South Africa. Cold and misty, it is situated in the eastern Highveld, halfway between the capital Pretoria/Tswane and the Mozambique border. Alongside the main road of the white town, 27 restaurants provide entertainment to tourists on their way to Mozambique or the Kruger National Park. The inhabitants of the black township, Sakhelwe, are remnants of the Southern Ndebele who have lost their land a century ago in wars against the whites. They are mainly dependent on employment as cleaners and waitresses in the still predominantly white town. Three white people from the white town and three black people from the township have been interviewed on their views whether democracy has brought changes to this society during the past 20 years. Answers cover a wide range of views. Gratitude is expressed that women are now safer and HIV treatment available. However, unemployment and poverty persist in a community that nevertheless shows resilience and feeds on hope. While the first part of this article relates the interviews, the final part identifies from them the discourses that keep the black and white communities from forming a group identity that is based on equality and human dignity as the values of democracy.

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