scholarly journals Swallowability of Minitablets among Children Aged 6–23 Months: An Exploratory, Randomized Crossover Study

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Nao Mitsui ◽  
Noriko Hida ◽  
Taro Kamiya ◽  
Taigi Yamazaki ◽  
Kazuki Miyazaki ◽  
...  

Minitablets have garnered interest as a new paediatric formulation that is easier to swallow than liquid formulations. In Japan, besides the latter, fine granules are frequently used for children. We examined the swallowability of multiple drug-free minitablets and compared it with that of fine granules and liquid formulations in 40 children of two age groups (n = 20 each, aged 6–11 and 12–23 months). We compared the percentage of children who could swallow minitablets without chewing with that of children who could swallow fine granules or liquid formulations without leftover. The children who visited the paediatric department of Showa University Hospital were enrolled. Their caregivers were allowed to choose the administration method. In total, 37 out of 40 caregivers dispersed the fine granules in water. Significantly more children (80%, 95% CI: 56–94%) aged 6–11 months could swallow the minitablets than those who could swallow all the dispersed fine granules and liquid formulations (22%, 95% CI: 6–47% and 35%, 95% CI: 15–59%, respectively). No significant differences were observed in children aged 12–23 months. Hence, minitablets may be easier to swallow than dispersed fine granules and liquid formulations in children aged 6–11 months.

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 3007-3009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Story-Roller ◽  
Melvin P. Weinstein

Blood cultures (BCs) are the standard method for diagnosis of bloodstream infections (BSIs). However, the average BC contamination rate (CR) in U.S. hospitals is 2.9%, potentially resulting in unnecessary antibiotic use and excessive therapy costs. Several studies have compared various skin antisepsis agents without a clear consensus as to which agent is most effective in reducing contamination. A prospective, randomized crossover study directly comparing blood culture contamination rates using chlorhexidine versus iodine tincture for skin antisepsis was performed at Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital (RWJUH). Eight nursing units at RWJUH were provided with blood culture kits containing either chlorhexidine (CH) or iodine tincture (IT) for skin antisepsis prior to all blood culture venipunctures, which were obtained by nurses or clinical care technicians. At quarterly intervals, the antiseptic agent used on each nursing unit was switched. Analyses of positive BCs were performed to distinguish true BSIs from contaminants. Of the 6,095 total BC sets obtained from the participating nursing units, 667 (10.94%) were positive and 238 (3.90%) were judged by the investigators to be contaminated. Of the 3,130 BCs obtained using IT, 340 (10.86%) were positive and 123 (3.93%) were contaminated. Of 2,965 BCs obtained using CH, 327 (11.03%) were positive and 115 (3.88%) were contaminated. The rates of contaminated BCs were not statistically significant between the two antiseptic agents (P= 1.0). We conclude that CH and IT are equivalent agents for blood culture skin antisepsis.


Author(s):  
Jessica L Seidelman ◽  
Nicholas A Turner ◽  
Rebekah H Wrenn ◽  
Christina Sarubbi ◽  
Deverick J Anderson ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Few groups have formally studied the effect of dedicated antibiotic stewardship rounds (ASRs) on antibiotic use (AU) in intensive care units (ICUs). Methods We implemented weekly ASRs using a two-arm, cluster-randomized, crossover study in 5 ICUs at Duke University Hospital from 11/2017 to 6/2018. We excluded patients without an active antibiotic order, or if they had a marker of high complexity including an existing infectious disease consult, transplant, ventricular assist device, or ECMO. AU during and following ICU stay for patients with ASRs was compared to the controls. We recorded the number of reviews, recommendations delivered, and responses. We evaluated change in ICU-specific AU during and after the study. Results Our analysis included 4,683 patients: 2330 intervention and 2353 controls. Teams performed 761 reviews during ASRs, which excluded 1569 patients: 60% of patients off antibiotics, and 8% complex patients. Exclusions affected 88% the cardiac surgery ICU (CTICU) patients. AU rate ratio (RR) was 0.97 (0.91-1.04). When CTICU was removed, the RR was 0.93 (0.89-0.98). AU in the post-study period decreased by 16% (95% CI 11-24%) compared to the AU in the baseline period. Change in AU was differential among units: largest in the neurology ICU (-28%) and smallest in the CTICU (-2%). Conclusion Weekly multi-disciplinary ASRs was a high-resource intervention associated with a small AU reduction. The noticeable ICU AU decline over time is possibly due to indirect effects of ASRs. Effects differed among specialty ICUs, emphasizing the importance of customizing ASRs to match unit-specific population, workflow, and culture.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuka Kawakami ◽  
Arisa Yasuda ◽  
Motoki Hayashi ◽  
Misuzu Akiyama ◽  
Toshihiko Asai ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Alcohol consumption is associated with hyperuricemia and gout. Previous studies have indicated a role for green tea catechins in uric acid (UA) metabolism. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of green tea catechins in terms of enhancing urinary excretion of UA and xanthine/hypoxanthine (Xa/HX) after alcohol ingestion.Methods In a randomized crossover study, 10 healthy subjects consumed test meals, including a Japanese distilled spirit (Shōchū) with water (SW) or Shōchū with catechin-rich green tea (SC), each containing 20 g of alcohol. The SC contained 617 mg of total catechin. Serum and urine UA and Xa/HX concentrations were measured. Blood samples were collected after 2.5 h, and urine samples were collected between 0 and 5 h after consuming the test meal.Results Urine UA and Xa/HX excretions were significantly higher in the SC group than in the SW group ( P < 0.05). UA clearance and fractional UA excretion tended to increase more in the SC group than in the SW group. No significant differences in S-UA and S-Xa/Hx concentrations were observed between the SW and SC groups.Conclusions Based on these observations, it was concluded that green tea catechins can enhance the excretion of UA and Xa/HX, even though alcohol is ingested.Trial registration The protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Shizuoka and registered with UMIN (University Hospital Medical Information Network in Japan). Trial registration number: UMIN000040076. Registered 7 April 2020 – Retrospectively registered, https://upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000045687


Author(s):  
Takanori Sohda ◽  
Hiroshi Saito ◽  
Goro Asano ◽  
Katsunari Fukushi ◽  
Katsuya Suzuki ◽  
...  

Recently, the functional aspect as well as morphological aspect of the reserve cells in the cervix uteri drew much attention in view of the carcinogenesis in squamocolumunar junction. In this communication, the authors elucidate the ultrastructural features of the reserve cells in patients of various age groups visiting our university hospital and affiliated hospital.From conventional light microscopic point of view, the reserve cells tend to be pronounced in various pathological conditions, such as the persisting inflammation, proliferative disorders and irritation of hormones. The morphological patterns of the reserve cells from various stage and degree of irritation were observed.


Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1522-P
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPH H. SAELY ◽  
ALEXANDER VONBANK ◽  
CHRISTINE HEINZLE ◽  
DANIELA ZANOLIN ◽  
BARBARA LARCHER ◽  
...  

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 755-P
Author(s):  
HANA KAHLEOVA ◽  
ANDREA TURA ◽  
MARTA KLEMENTOVA ◽  
LENKA BELINOVA ◽  
MARTIN HALUZIK ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Bakaev Zh. N.

According to the authors, the prevalence of SOPR diseases is from 3 to 20%.In a study of 1573 residents of southern China in two age groups who use tobacco and alcohol, the incidence of SOPR was higher among men living in rural areas compared to urban residents. Among women aged 35-44 years, the incidence was higher in urban women, and in the 65-77-year-old group in rural women. In the course of studies in Brazil, among 335 patients older than 60 years, 646 diseases of the SOPR were identified. Similar results were obtained in the analysis of SOPR diseases in the Volgograd region of the Russian Federation


2014 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Duy Binh Ho ◽  
Nghi Thanh Nhan Le ◽  
Maasalu Katre ◽  
Koks Sulev ◽  
Märtson Aare

Aim: This study aimed to review the clinical findings and surgical intervention of the hip fracture at the Hue University Hospital in Vietnam. Methods:The data of proximal femoral fractures was collected retrospectively. All patients, in a period of 5 years, from Jan 2008 to December 2012, suffered either from intertrochanteric or femoral neck fractures. The numbers of patients were gathered separately for each year, by age groups (under 40, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, older) and by sex. We analyzed what kind of treatment options were used for the hip fracture. Results:Of 224 patients (93 men and 131 women) studied, 71% patients are over 70 years old, 103 women and 56 men (p<0.05). For patients under 40 years, there were 1 woman and 11 men (p<0.05). There were 88 intertrochanteric and 136 femoral neck fractures. There was no significant difference in the two fractures between men and women. The numbers of hip fracture increased by each year, 29/224 cases in 2010, 63/224 cases in 2011, 76/224 cases in 2012. Treatment of 88 intertrochanteric fractures: 49 cases (55.7%) of dynamic hip screw (DHS), 14 cases of hemiarthroplasty (15.9%), 2 cases of total hip replacement (2.3%). Treatment of 136 femoral neck fractures: 48 cases of total replacement (35.3%), 43 cases of hemiarthroplasty (31.6%), 15 cases of screwing (11%). In cases of 40 patients (17.9%) hip fracture was managed conservatively, 23 were femoral neck fractures and 17 were intertrochanteric fractures. Conclusions: Hip fracture is growing challenge in Hue medical university hospital. The conservative approach is still high in people who could not be operable due to severe medical conditions as well as for patients with economic difficulties. Over 70% of the hip fractures in people 70+ are caused by osteoporosis. The number of hip fracture is increasing in the following years, most likely due to the increase in the prevalence of osteoporosis. Early detection and prevention of osteoporosis should be addressed, particularly in high risk population. More aggressive surgical approach should be implemented in order to improve the quality of life in patients with hip fractures. Key words:Hip fracture.


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