scholarly journals Foliar Zinc-Selenium and Nitrogen Fertilization Affects Content of Zn, Fe, Se, P, and Cd in Wheat Grain

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1549
Author(s):  
Zdenko Lončarić ◽  
Vladimir Ivezić ◽  
Darko Kerovec ◽  
Andrijana Rebekić
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
In Vitro Bioaccessibility

The grain yield and concentrations of Fe, Zn, Se, Cd, and P in two winter wheat genotypes and in vitro bioaccessibility of Fe and Zn under the effect of different nitrogen fertilization and Zn-Se foliar application were evaluated. The total grain Fe, Zn, and Se concentrations, as well as Fe and Zn concentrations, after in vitro digestion were under the strongest effect of foliar Zn-Se application. On the other hand, Fe and Zn bioaccessibility (%) were under the most substantial effect of genotype. Regarding the need to increase concentrations of essential micronutrients in wheat grain, foliar Zn-Se application is a reliable and accepted agricultural practice, but to improve mineral bioaccessibility in human nutrition, foliar Zn-Se application should be combined with the most responsive genotypes. For this reason, further research on the genotype specificity of wheat regarding micronutrient bioaccessibility should be carried out.

scholarly journals Assessment of In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Polyphenols from Annurca, Limoncella, Red Delicious, and Golden Delicious Apples Using a Sequential Enzymatic Digestion Model

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 541
Author(s):  
Giulia Graziani ◽  
Anna Gaspari ◽  
Claudio Di Vaio ◽  
Aurora Cirillo ◽  
Carolina Liana Ronca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Enzymatic Digestion ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
In Vitro Bioaccessibility ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Great Relevance

Four different varieties of apples have been considered (Limoncella, Annurca, Red Delicious, and Golden Delicious) to estimate the extent of colon polyphenolics release after in vitro sequential enzyme digestion. Since several studies report a positive effect of apple polyphenols in colonic damage, we found of interest to investigate the colon release of polyphenols in different varieties of apples in order to assess their prevention of colonic damage. UHPLC-HRMS analysis and antioxidant activity (ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays) were carried out on the apple extracts (peel, flesh, and whole fruit) obtained from not digested samples and on bioaccessible fractions (duodenal and colon bioaccessible fractions) after in vitro digestion. Polyphenolic content and antioxidant activities were found to vary significantly among the tested cultivars with Limoncella showing the highest polyphenol content accompanied by an excellent antioxidant activity in both flesh and whole fruit. The overall trend of soluble antioxidant capacity from the soluble duodenal phase (SDP) and soluble colonic phase (SCP) followed the concentrations of flavanols, procyandinis, and hydroxycinnamic acids under the same digestive steps. Our results highlighted that on average 64.2% of the total soluble antioxidant activity was released in the SCP with Limoncella exhibiting the highest values (82.31, 70.05, and 65.5%, respectively for whole fruit, flesh, and peel). This result suggested that enzymatic treatment with pronase E and viscozyme L, to reproduce biochemical conditions occurring in the colon, is effective for breaking the dietary fiber-polyphenols interactions and for the release of polyphenols which can exercise their beneficial effects in the colon. The beneficial effects related to the Limoncella consumption could thus be of potential great relevance to counteract the adverse effects of pro-oxidant and inflammatory processes on intestinal cells.

Effect of weeds and nitrogen fertiliser on yield and grain protein concentration of wheat

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
MG Mason ◽  
RW Madin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser

Field trials at Beverley (19911, Salmon Gums (1991; 2 sites) and Merredin (1992; 2 sites), each with 5 rates of nitrogen (N) and 3 levels of weed control, were used to investigate the effect of weeds and N on wheat grain yield and protein concentration during 1991 and 1992. Weeds in the study were grasses (G) and broadleaf (BL). Weeds reduced both vegetative dry matter yield and grain yield of wheat at all sites except for dry matter at Merredin (BL). Nitrogen fertiliser increased wheat dry matter yield at all sites. Nitrogen increased wheat grain yield at Beverley and Merredin (BL), but decreased yield at both Salmon Gums sites in 1991. Nitrogen fertiliser increased grain protein concentration at all 5 sites-at all rates for 3 sites [Salmon Gums (G) and (BL) and Merredin (G)] and at rates of 69 kg N/ha or more at the other 2 sites [Beverley and Merredin (BL)]. However, the effect of weeds on grain protein varied across sites. At Merredin (G) protein concentration was higher where there was no weed control, possibly due to competition for soil moisture by the greater weed burden. At Salmon Gums (G), grain protein concentration was greater when weeds were controlled than in the presence of weeds, probably due to competition for N between crop and weeds. In the other 3 trials, there was no effect of weeds on grain protein. The effect of weeds on grain protein appears complex and depends on competition between crop and weeds for N and for water at the end of the season, and the interaction between the two.

scholarly journals Quality of New Functional Powdered Beverages Enriched with Lyophilized Fruits—Potentially Bioaccessible Antioxidant Properties, Nutritional Value, and Consumer Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Bochnak-Niedźwiecka ◽  
Michał Świeca
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
In Vitro Bioaccessibility ◽  
Trolox Equivalent ◽  
Health Promoting

This study evaluates nutrients and health-promoting compounds responsible for antioxidant capacity in eight novel formulations based on lyophilized fruit and vegetable powders. The composition contained lyophilized carrot, pumpkin, lentil sprouts, raspberry, strawberry, and apple. The effect of functional additives on the antioxidant, nutritional, and functional characteristics of powdered beverages was determined in the powders and after rehydration followed by in vitro digestion. The antioxidant activity, phenols, vitamin C, and reducing power were significantly higher in the powders enriched with additives having potential functional properties. Furthermore, the analyses indicated that all the powdered formulations may be potential sources of total starch (100–112 mg/100 mL) and proteins (125–139 mg/100 mL). The designed powdered beverages after reconstitution exhibited high antioxidant content, reasonable consumer acceptance, and good in vitro bioaccessibility. The best results of antioxidant capacity were obtained for beverages enriched with raspberry, i.e., 10.4 mg Trolox equivalent (TE)/100 mL and 12.1 mg TE/100 mL rehydrated at 20 °C and 80 °C, respectively. Additionally, color characteristics were used as indicators of the quality of the powdered beverages. This research promotes the reduction of food waste, since whole plant tissues are used, thus allowing maximum exploitation of food raw materials; moreover, drying provides stable shelf life.

scholarly journals Influence of In Vitro Digestion on Antioxidant Activity of Enriched Apple Snacks with Grape Juice

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1681
Author(s):  
Constanza Pavez-Guajardo ◽  
Sandra R. S. Ferreira ◽  
Simone Mazzutti ◽  
María Estuardo Guerra-Valle ◽  
Guido Sáez-Trautmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Ohmic Heating ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Bioaccessibility

Fruits are sources of bioactive compounds (BACs), such as polyphenols. This research aimed to study the in vitro bioaccessibility of polyphenols from enriched apple snacks with grape juice and determine their antioxidant capacity. Impregnation (I) treatments were carried out at atmospheric pressure and in a vacuum (IV) at 30, 40, and 50 °C and their combinations with ohmic heating (OH), I/OH, and IV/OH. Later, samples were dehydrated by forced convection at 40, 50, and 60 °C. Enriched samples were subjected to in vitro digestion. The total polyphenols, monomeric polyphenols, and antioxidant activities were determined from recovered extracts. Results showed that total polyphenols present in higher concentrations in the gastric phase, 271.85 ± 7.64 mg GAE/100 g d.m. Monomeric polyphenols’ behavior during in vitro digestion for the VI/OH 50 °C and dried treatment (60 °C) was descending, mainly in quercetin, which decreased by 49.38% concerning the initial concentration, before digestion. The cyanin, catechin, epicatechin, and epigallocatechin decreased by 26.66%, 20.71%, 23.38%, and 21.73%, respectively. Therefore, based on obtained results, the IV/OH 50 °C treatment (dried 60 °C) is the best combination to incorporate polyphenols from grape juice.

scholarly journals Bioaccessibility and Bioavailability of a Marine-Derived Multimineral, Aquamin-Magnesium

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Felice ◽  
Denise O’Gorman ◽  
Nora O’Brien ◽  
Niall Hyland
Keyword(s):  
Cell Model ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Trace Minerals ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽  
Digestion Method ◽  
Biochemical Pathways ◽  
In Vitro Bioaccessibility

Introduction: Magnesium is an essential mineral involved in a range of key biochemical pathways. Several magnesium supplements are present on the market and their degree of bioavailability differs depending on the form of magnesium salt used. Aquamin-Mg is a natural source of magnesium, containing 72 additional trace minerals derived from the clean waters off the Irish coast. However, the in vitro bioaccessibility and bioavailability of Aquamin-Mg in comparison with other supplement sources of magnesium has yet to be tested. Method: Aquamin-Mg, magnesium chloride (MgCl2) and magnesium oxide (MgO) were subjected to gastrointestinal digestion according to the harmonized INFOGEST in vitro digestion method and in vitro bioavailability tested using the Caco-2 cell model. Magnesium concentration was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Results: Magnesium recovery from both Aquamin-Mg and MgCl2 was greater than for MgO. Magnesium from all three sources was transported across the epithelial monolayer with Aquamin-Mg displaying a comparable profile to the more bioavailable MgCl2. Conclusions: Our data support that magnesium derived from a marine-derived multimineral product is bioavailable to a significantly greater degree than MgO and displays a similar profile to the more bioavailable MgCl2 and may offer additional health benefits given its multimineral profile.

scholarly journals In Vitro Bioaccessibility of the Vitamin B Series from Thermally Processed Leafy African Indigenous Vegetables

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zipporah M. Onyambu ◽  
Mildred P. Nawiri ◽  
Hudson N. Nyambaka ◽  
Naumih M. Noah
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Processing ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Basella Alba ◽  
Thermally Processed ◽  
Before And After ◽  
African Indigenous Vegetables ◽  
In Vitro Bioaccessibility ◽  
Indigenous Vegetables

Thermal processing of leafy African indigenous vegetables (LAIVs), which are rich in nutrients, especially vitamin B series affects the levels and bioaccessibility of the vitamins. This study investigated the bioaccessibility of vitamin B series in fresh and thermally processed LAIVs. Five commonly consumed indigenous vegetables, Cleome gynadra, Vigna unguilata, Amaranthus viridis, Basella alba, and Cucurbita maxima, were processed by boiling and/or frying, treated to in vitro gastrointestinal digestion procedure, and levels of vitamin B series determined before and after treatment. The vitamin B series in fresh LAIVs ranged from 0.73 ± 0.01 mg/100 g (B9; spider plant) to 174.16 ± 3.50 mg/100 g (B2; vine spinach) and had both significant increase (ranging from +8.71% to +446.84%) and decrease (ranging from −0.44% to −100.00%) with thermal processing ( p < 0.001 ). The in vitro digestion resulted in a significant increase ( p < 0.001 ) of vitamins ranging from 5.18% (B5; boiled cowpeas) to 100% (B2, B3, and B6 in several processed vegetables). Where detected, the bioaccessible levels of vitamin B series in fresh, processed, and in vitro digested samples were sufficient to meet the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) of children and adults. These findings support the promotion of a nutritional approach to malnutrition resulting from vitamin B series deficiency.

scholarly journals Characterization of Processing Influences on In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Carotenoids and Chlorophylls from Six Spinach Genotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 755-755
Author(s):  
Micaela Hayes ◽  
Marti Pottorff ◽  
Colin Kay ◽  
Mary Ann Lila ◽  
Massimo Iorizzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Factor ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Food Matrix ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
In Vitro Bioaccessibility ◽  
Bioactive Content ◽  
Oral Processing

Abstract Objectives Spinach is a rich source of bioactives including carotenoids and chlorophylls. Ultimate delivery, or bioavailability, of these bioactives to consumers varies depending on pre-/post-harvest factors that impact the food matrix. The interaction between food processing, oral processing (mastication), and spinach genotype have not been explored. Insights into these factors hold the potential to identify interaction effects between genotype and processing (GxP). Methods Six genotypes of spinach selected based on previous bioaccessibility screening were greenhouse grown in Salisbury, NC (Fall 2019), harvested, and stored fresh at 4C (24 hr) or at −80C after processing by blanching (2 min, 100C), thermal sterilization (121C for 15 min), or juicing. All genotypes were subjected to all processing methods, and a portion of each sample was subjected to simulated mastication while another was homogenized (30 sec) into a puree. All samples were subjected to a three-phase in vitro digestion to assess the transfer of carotenoids and chlorophyll derivatives from the food matrix to the aqueous micellar fraction (bioaccessibility). Results Processing method, genotype, and GxP had a significant influence on total bioactive content (P &lt; 0.01), relative bioaccessibility (P &lt; 0.01), and bioaccessible content (P &lt; 0.01). Average bioactive content decreased in the order of juiced (26.2–36.9 μmol/g), blanched (23.3–30.0 μmol/g), thermally sterilized (22.5–27.3 μmol/g), and fresh spinach (18.6–25.0 μmol/g). Bioaccessible content decreased from juiced (6.8–9.8 μmol/g), to fresh (4.0–6.9 μmol/g) and blanched (4.6–5.6 μmol/g), and then thermally sterilized (2.4–3.3 μmol/g). Bioaccessible content from masticated samples was similar for thermally sterilized (0.9–1.5 μmol/g) and fresh samples (0.7–1.3 μmol/g). Conclusions Results indicate that heat treatment preserves bioactives in these six spinach genotypes and may modestly decrease their bioaccessibility. Influence of mastication on bioaccessible content of bioactives supports the notion that oral processing is a critical factor impacting ultimate bioaccessibility from vegetables. Together, these results provide valuable information for optimization of bioactive delivery. Funding Sources Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research.

Winter wheat grain yield associated with precipitation distribution under long-term nitrogen fertilization in the semiarid Loess Plateau in China

Geoderma ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 189-190 ◽  
pp. 442-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengli Guo ◽  
Hanhua Zhu ◽  
Tinghui Dang ◽  
Jinshui Wu ◽  
Wenzhao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Precipitation Distribution

Response of Wheat on Coarse Textured Soils to Mode and Time of Manganese Application

1986 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Takkar ◽  
V. K. Nayyar ◽  
U. S. Sadana
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Manganese Sulphate ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Manganese Uptake ◽  
Irrigated Wheat

SUMMARYTwo field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of rate, mode and time of application of manganese sulphate to irrigated wheat on manganese-deficient loamy sand (Ustipsamments) soils recently brought under rice. A significant increase in manganese uptake by wheat and marked increases in wheat grain and straw yields occurred following both soil (5, 10 and 20 kg Mn ha-1) and foliar (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% MnSO4 solution) application of manganese, but foliar application was more effective. A series of sprays initiated before the wheat was first irrigated (26 days after sowing) gave significantly better results than application begun after the first irrigation (32 days after sowing); four sprays of 0.5% MnSO4 solution produced the largest grain yield, followed by three of a 1% solution.

Calcium and phosphorus bioavailability in rats consuming oil from either raw sardines or sardines fried in olive oil Biodisponibilidad de calcio y fósforo en ratas alimentadas con grasa de sardina cruda o frita con aceite de oliva

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 387-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Pérez-Granados ◽  
M.P. Vaquero ◽  
M.P. Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
The Other ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Sardine Oil ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus

Three diets were prepared containing 8% olive oil (OO), fresh sardine ( Clupea pilchardus) oil (SO), and oil from sardines fried in olive oil (FSO), respectively. After in vitro digestion, soluble (dialyzed and nondialyzed) and insoluble Ca and P fractions were determined. In vitro Ca availability tended to be higher with SO, and even more so with FSO, than with OO, while that of P increased only slightly with FSO. Growing rats consumed the diets for 28 days. Food intake and body weight increased with FSO more than with OO, but decreased markedly with SO, due to an imbalance in the n-3/n-6 fatty acid ratio. Absorption efficiencies of Ca and P were higher with SO than with the other diets during days 5-12. Because urinary Ca excretion was also greater with SO, apparent retention of both Ca and P was lower with this diet. With SO, carcass content of Ca and P was low but their concentrations were high. Apparent retention of these minerals and their carcass content were similar or higher with FSO than with OO. Therefore, although availability of Ca and P from raw and fried sardine oil diets was sufficient in vitro, consumption of raw sardine oil as the only dietary fat produced changes in calcium and phosphorus bioavailability, an effect of sardine oil which disappeared after frying in olive oil.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document