Developmental Stages-Specific Response of Anise Plants to Laser-Induced Growth, Nutrients Accumulation, and Essential Oil Metabolism

Compared to seeds and mature tissues, sprouts are well known for their higher nutritive and biological values. Fruits of Pimpinella anisum (anise) are extensively consumed as food additives; however, the sprouting-induced changes in their nutritious metabolites are hardly studied. Herein, we investigated the bioactive metabolites, phytochemicals, and antioxidant properties of fruits, sprouts (9-day-old), and mature tissue (5-week-old) of anise under laser irradiation treatment (He-Ne laser, 632 nm). Laser treatment increased biomass accumulation of both anise sprouts and mature plants. Bioactive primary (e.g., proteins and sugars) and secondary metabolites (e.g., phenolic compounds), as well as mineral levels, were significantly enhanced by sprouting and/or laser light treatment. Meanwhile, laser light has improved the levels of essential oils and their related precursors (e.g., phenylalanine), as well as enzyme activities [e.g., O–methyltransferase and 3-Deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase (DAHPS)] in mature tissues. Moreover, laser light induced higher levels of antioxidant and anti-lipidemic activities in sprouts as compared to fruits and mature tissues. Particularly at the sprouting stage, anise was more responsive to laser light treatment than mature plants.

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Exogenous application of growth stimulators improves the condition of maize exposed to soil drought

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum ◽

10.1007/s11738-021-03232-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Agnieszka Ostrowska ◽

Maciej T. Grzesiak ◽

Tomasz Hura

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Aminolevulinic Acid ◽

Stem Elongation ◽

Development Stage ◽

Photochemical Activity ◽

Soil Drought ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Induced Changes ◽

The Impact

AbstractSoil drought is a major problem in plant cultivation. This is particularly true for thermophilic plants, such as maize, which grow in areas often affected by precipitation shortage. The problem may be alleviated using plant growth and development stimulators. Therefore, the aim of the study was to analyze the effects of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), zearalenone (ZEN), triacontanol (TRIA) and silicon (Si) on water management and photosynthetic activity of maize under soil drought. The experiments covered three developmental stages: three leaves, stem elongation and heading. The impact of these substances applied during drought stress depended on the plant development stage. 5-ALA affected chlorophyll levels, gas exchange and photochemical activity of PSII. Similar effects were observed for ZEN, which additionally induced stem elongation and limited dehydration. Beneficial effects of TRIA were visible at the stage of three leaves and involved leaf hydration and plant growth. A silicon preparation applied at the same developmental stage triggered similar effects and additionally induced changes in chlorophyll levels. All the stimulators significantly affected transpiration intensity at the heading stage.

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Green synthesized silver and copper nanoparticles induced changes in biomass parameters, secondary metabolites production, and antioxidant activity in callus cultures of Artemisia absinthium L.

Green Processing and Synthesis ◽

10.1515/gps-2021-0010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 61-72

Author(s):

Khizar Hayat ◽

Shahid Ali ◽

Saif Ullah ◽

Yujie Fu ◽

Mubashir Hussain

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Copper Nanoparticles ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Callus Cultures ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Ag Nps ◽

Artemisia Absinthium ◽

Culture Production ◽

Metabolites Production ◽

Induced Changes

Abstract Artemisia absinthium L. is a highly medicinal plant with a broad range of biomedical applications. A. absinthium callus cultures were established in response to bio-fabricated single NPs (Ag and Cu) or a combination of both NPs (Ag and Cu) in different ratios (1:2, 2:1, 1:3, and 3:1) along with thidiazuron (TDZ) (4 mg/L) to elicit the biomass accumulation, production of non-enzymatic compounds, antioxidative enzymes, and antioxidant activity. Silver and copper nanoparticles (Ag and Cu NPs) were synthesized using the leaves of Moringa oleifera as reducing and capping agent and further characterized through UV-Visible spectroscopy and SEM. The 30 µg/L suspension of Ag and Cu NPs (1:2, 2:1) and 4 mg/L TDZ showed 100% biomass accumulation as compared to control (86%). TDZ in combination with Ag NPs enhanced biomass in the log phases of growth kinetics. The Cu NPs alone enhanced the superoxide dismutase activity (0.56 nM/min/mg FW) and peroxidase activity (0.31 nM/min/mg FW) in callus cultures. However, the combination of Ag and Cu NPs with TDZ induced significant total phenolic (7.31 µg/g DW) and flavonoid contents (9.27 µg/g DW). Furthermore, the antioxidant activity was highest (86%) in the Ag and Cu NPs (3:1) augmented media. The present study provides the first evidence of bio-fabricated single NPs (Ag and Cu) or a combination of both NPs (Ag and Cu) in different ratios (1:2, 2:1, 1:3, and 3:1) along with TDZ (4 mg/L) on the development of callus culture, production of endogenous enzymes, non-enzymatic components, and further antioxidant activity in callus cultures of A. absinthium.

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Exogenous Antioxidants Impact on UV-Induced Changes in Membrane Phospholipids and the Effectiveness of the Endocannabinoid System in Human Skin Cells

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10081260 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1260

Author(s):

Agnieszka Gęgotek ◽

Anna Jastrząb ◽

Marta Dobrzyńska ◽

Michał Biernacki ◽

Elżbieta Skrzydlewska

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Cell Viability ◽

Human Skin ◽

Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Endocannabinoid System ◽

Membrane Phospholipids ◽

Skin Cells ◽

Human Skin Cells ◽

Induced Changes

Natural antioxidants effectively counteract changes caused by UV radiation in human skin cells. However, their action is limited due to their lipo/hydrophilicity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the mutual protective action of hydrophilic ascorbic acid and partially lipophilic rutin against UVA/UVB-induced changes in membranes phospholipid and endocannabinoid system in keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Obtained results clearly showed that, despite the stronger antioxidant properties of ascorbic acid, the lipid membranes were more effectively protected against UV-induced oxidation by rutin, including changes in phospholipid fatty acid levels, prevention against reactive aldehydes formation and endocannabinoids degradation. Ascorbic acid more strongly prevented UV-induced endocannabinoid receptors expression in fibroblasts, especially CB1. However, the combined action of used antioxidants resulted in the greatest cytoprotective effect, which was evident in the inflammatory marker TNFα down-regulation and increased cell viability following cell irradiation. The applied mixture of antioxidants showed a stronger protective in relation to membrane phospholipids in keratinocytes and in the endocannabinoid system in fibroblasts. In conclusion, it can be suggested that combined antioxidant capacities of ascorbic acid and rutin protects against lipid peroxidation but also decreases the UV-induced inflammation by direct interaction with the endocannabinoid system, thus increasing skin cell viability.

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Food additives: production of microbial pigments and their antioxidant properties

Current Opinion in Food Science ◽

10.1016/j.cofs.2016.02.004 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 93-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Poonam Singh Nigam ◽

Jasmine Sharon Luke

Keyword(s):

Food Additives ◽

Antioxidant Properties

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ASSESSMENT OF ANTIOXIDANT AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTION OF FOOD ADDITIVES, OBTAINED FROM GRAPE POMACE

Известия вузов. Пищевая технология ◽

10.26297/0579-3009.2018.2-3.31 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Н.Н. КОРНЕН ◽

С.А. КАЛМАНОВИЧ ◽

Т.А. ШАХРАЙ ◽

В.И. МАРТОВЩУК ◽

Е.В. КУЗЬМИНОВА ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Comparative Evaluation ◽

Food Additives ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Control Sample ◽

Food Additive ◽

Grape Pomace ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Diene Conjugates ◽

Grape Varieties ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase Activity

Проведена сравнительная оценка эффективности антиоксидантного и гепатопротекторного действия пищевых добавок, полученных из выжимки винограда белых сортов по различным технологиям, в экспериментах на лабораторных животных. Установлено, что пищевая добавка «Порошок виноградный» (ПВ), полученная из выжимки винограда белых сортов по разработанной технологии, позволяет, по сравнению с контрольным образцом пищевой добавки, в большей степени снизить в сыворотке крови содержание продуктов перекисного окисления липидов – малонового диальдегида, диеновых коньюгатов и кетодиенов, что свидетельствует о более высокой эффективности антиоксидантного действия ПВ на организм животных, обусловленной большим содержанием микронутриентов с антиоксидантными свойствами. Добавка ПВ проявляет более высокую эффективность гепатопротекторного действия, заключающуюся в значительном снижении уровня активности аланинаминотрансферазы в сыворотке крови, по сравнению с контрольным образцом добавки. Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of antioxidant and hepatoprotective action of food additives which obtained from grape pomace white varieties for various technologies, was carried out in experiments on laboratory animals. It is established that the food additive “Grape Powder” (GP), obtained from the pomace of white grape varieties by the developed technology, allows, in comparison with the control sample of the food additive, to reduce the content of lipid peroxidation products in the serum to a greater extent – Malon dialdehyde, diene conjugates and ketodienes, which indicates a higher efficiency of antioxidant action of GP on the organism of animals, due to the high content of micronutrients with antioxidant properties. The additive GP shows a higher efficiency of hepatoprotective action, which consists in a significant reduction in the level of alanine aminotransferase activity in the blood serum, compared to the control sample of the additive.

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Antioxidant Properties of Mediterranean Spices Compared with Common Food Additives

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-64.9.1412 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 64 (9) ◽

pp. 1412-1419 ◽

Cited By ~ 120

Author(s):

MAGDALENA MARTÍNEZ-TOMÉ ◽

ANTONIA M. JIMÉNEZ ◽

SILVERIO RUGGIERI ◽

NATALE FREGA ◽

ROSANNA STRABBIOLI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Propyl Gallate ◽

Protective Action ◽

Food Additives ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽

Prooxidant Effect ◽

Common Food ◽

Rancimat Method ◽

Inhibit Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Other Substances

In this study, the antioxidant properties of Mediterranean food spices (annatto, cumin, oregano, sweet and hot paprika, rosemary, and saffron) at 5% concentration and of common food additives (butylated hydroxyanisole [BHA], butylated hydroxytoluene[BHT], and propyl gallate) at 100 μg/g are compared. The ability of these compounds to inhibit lipid peroxidation was, in decreasing order, rosemary > oregano > propyl gallate > annatto > BHA > sweet paprika > cumin > hot paprika > saffron > BHT. Deoxyribose damage is partially inhibited in the presence of cumin extract that exhibits the strongest protective action. The rest of the spices also protect deoxyribose better than the BHA and BHT used in the assay. Finally, the results obtained in the assay point to the prooxidant effect of propyl gallate. Hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity is measured by using peroxidase-based assay systems. In aqueous medium, the spice extracts show lower antioxidant activity than propyl gallate, the decreasing order being cumin > oregano > annatto > rosemary > hot paprika > sweet paprika. BHA and BHT did not scavenge H2O2. Spices are able to scavenge HOCl and protect α1-antiproteinase. The results indicate that rosemary and oregano are more effective HOCl scavengers than the other substances analyzed, which, in decreasing order, were propyl gallate, annatto, sweet and hot paprika, saffron, and cumin. The effect of Mediterranean food spices on the oxidative stability of refined olive oil tested by the Rancimat method was compared with common food additives during storage (72 h, 2, 4, and 6 months) at room temperature. The results showed that the spice extracts analyzed have significant stabilizing effects (P < 0.05).

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Ruby Laser Induced Changes in the Absorption Spectra of Sodium Decorated Sodium Chloride Crystals

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A ◽

10.1515/zna-1970-0214 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 229-236

Author(s):

H. Kuzmany

Keyword(s):

Absorption Spectra ◽

Ruby Laser ◽

Laser Light ◽

Temperature Treatment ◽

Laser Wavelength ◽

Beam Path ◽

General Increase ◽

Annealing Conditions ◽

Different Depths ◽

Induced Changes

Abstract The effects of intense Q-switched ruby laser light on the absorption spectra of NaCl crystals, additively coloured by colloidal sodium were investigated at different depths along the laser beam path as well as after being subjected to different annealing conditions. A strong general increase in absorption was observed in the region where the laser light entered the crystal, while a strong decrease in absorption occurred in the colloid band, especially around the laser wavelength. This bleaching was accompanied by the generation of a new absorption band at ~ 1200 nm (~1.0eV) in the infrared, which, according to its sensitivty to temperature treatment, is not of colloidal origin, The energy denisty necessary for its generation was found to be about 400mJ/cm2. Its is suggested that the bleaching of the colloid band could be used for the storage of holograms.

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Anticatabolic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Myricetin 3-O-β-d-Galactopyranoside in UVA-Irradiated Dermal Cells via Repression of MAPK/AP-1 and Activation of TGFβ/Smad

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25061331 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 1331 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jung Hwan Oh ◽

Fatih Karadeniz ◽

Jung Im Lee ◽

So Young Park ◽

Youngwan Seo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Mapk Signaling ◽

Skin Aging ◽

In Vitro Models ◽

Dermal Fibroblasts ◽

Hacat Keratinocytes ◽

Smad Pathway ◽

Collagen Production ◽

Induced Changes

UV irradiation is one of the main causes of extrinsic skin aging. UV-mediated skin aging, also known as photoaging, causes excessive breakdown of extracellular matrix which leads skin to lose its elasticity and strength. Several phytochemicals are known to exert anti-photoaging effects via different mechanisms, partly due to their antioxidant properties. The current study has been carried out to determine the potential anti-photoaging properties of myricetin 3-O-β-d-galacto-pyranoside (M3G), a flavonol glycoside isolated from L. tetragonum, in UVA-irradiated in vitro models; HaCaT keratinocytes and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). UVA-induced changes in MMP-1 and collagen production have been observed in HaCaT keratinocytes and HDFs. Further, UVA-induced activation of MAPK signaling, and pro-inflammatory cytokine production have been investigated. TGFβ/Smad pathway has also been analyzed in UVA-irradiated HDFs. Treatment with M3G reversed the UVA-induced changes in MMP-1 and collagen production both in HaCaT keratinocytes and HDFs. UVA-mediated activation of p38, ERK and JNK MAPK activation was also inhibited by M3G treatment in HaCaT keratinocytes. In HDFs, M3G was able to upregulate the TGFβ/Smad pathway activation. In addition, M3G downregulated the UVA-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines in keratinocytes and HDFs. It has been suggested that the M3G has exerted potential antiphotoaging properties in vitro, by attenuating UVA-induced changes in MMP-1 and collagen production in keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts.

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Effect of Elevated CO2 on Biomolecules’ Accumulation in Caraway (Carum carvi L.) Plants at Different Developmental Stages

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10112434 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2434

Author(s):

Hamada AbdElgawad ◽

Mohammad K. Okla ◽

Saud S. Al-amri ◽

Abdulrahman AL-Hashimi ◽

Wahida H. AL-Qahtani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Elevated Co2 ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Co2 Enrichment ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Mature Stage ◽

Plant Metabolites ◽

Phytochemical Content ◽

The Impact ◽

Phytochemical Contents

Caraway plants have been known as a rich source of phytochemicals, such as flavonoids, monoterpenoid glucosides and alkaloids. In this regard, the application of elevated CO2 (eCO2) as a bio-enhancer for increasing plant growth and phytochemical content has been the focus of many studies; however, the interaction between eCO2 and plants at different developmental stages has not been extensively explored. Thus, the present study aimed at investigating the changes in growth, photosynthesis and phytochemicals of caraway plants at two developmental stages (sprouts and mature tissues) under control and increased CO2 conditions (ambient CO2 (a CO2, 400 ± 27 μmol CO2 mol−1 air) and eCO2, 620 ± 42 μmol CO2 mol−1 air ppm). Moreover, we evaluated the impact of eCO2-induced changes in plant metabolites on the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of caraway sprouts and mature plants. CO2 enrichment increased photosynthesis and biomass accumulation of both caraway stages. Regarding their phytochemical contents, caraway plants interacted differently with eCO2, depending on their developmental stages. High levels of CO2 enhanced the production of total nutrients, i.e., carbohydrates, proteins, fats and crude fibers, as well as organic and amino acids, in an equal pattern in both caraway sprouts and mature plants. Interestingly, the eCO2-induced effect on minerals, vitamins and phenolics was more pronounced in caraway sprouts than the mature tissues. Furthermore, the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of caraway plants were enhanced under eCO2 treatment, particularly at the mature stage. Overall, eCO2 provoked changes in the phytochemical contents of caraway plants, particularly at the sprouting stage and, hence, improved their nutritive and health-promoting properties.

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Isolation, Characterization and Neuroprotective Activity of Folecitin: An In Vivo Study

Life ◽

10.3390/life11080825 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 825

Author(s):

Umar Farooq ◽

Taous Khan ◽

Shahid Ali Shah ◽

Md. Sanower Hossain ◽

Yousaf Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Body Weight ◽

Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽

Interleukin 1 ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Neuroprotective Activity ◽

Bioactive Metabolites ◽

Inflammasome Activation ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Rat Pups

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) extend the global health burden. Consumption of alcohol as well as maternal exposure to ethanol can damage several neuronal functions and cause cognition and behavioral abnormalities. Ethanol induces oxidative stress that is linked to the development of NDs. Treatment options for NDs are yet scarce, and natural product-based treatments could facilitate ND management since plants possess plenty of bioactive metabolites, including flavonoids, which typically demonstrate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Hypericum oblongifolium is an important traditional medicinal plant used for hepatitis, gastric ulcer, external wounds, and other gastrointestinal disorders. However, it also possesses multiple bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties, but the evaluation of isolated pure compounds for neuroprotective efficacy has not been done yet. Therefore, in the current study, we aim to isolate and characterize the bioactive flavonoid folecitin and evaluate its neuroprotective activity against ethanol-induced oxidative-stress-mediated neurodegeneration in the hippocampus of postnatal day 7 (PND-7) rat pups. A single dose of ethanol (5 g/kg body weight) was intraperitoneally administered after the birth of rat pups on PND-7. This caused oxidative stress accompanied by the activation of phosphorylated-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), and cysteine-aspartic acid protease-1 (caspase-1) proteins to form a complex called the NLRP3-inflammasome, which converts pro-interleukin 1 beta (IL-1B) to activate IL-1B and induce widespread neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. In contrast, co-administration of folecitin (30 mg/kg body weight) reduced ethanol-induced oxidative stress, inhibited p-JNK, and deactivated the NLRP3-inflammasome complex. Furthermore, folecitin administration reduced neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative protein markers, including decreased caspase-3, BCL-2-associated X protein (BAX), B cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) expression in the immature rat brain. These findings conclude that folecitin is a flavone compound, and it might be a novel, natural and safe agent to curb oxidative stress and its downstream harmful effects, including inflammasome activation, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Further evaluation in a dose-dependent manner would be worth it in order to find a suitable dose regimen for NDs.

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