scholarly journals The Influence of Organic Fertilizers on the Abundance of Soil Microorganism Communities, Agrochemical Indicators, and Yield in East Lithuanian Light Soils

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2648
Author(s):  
Diana Sivojiene ◽  
Audrius Kacergius ◽  
Eugenija Baksiene ◽  
Aiste Maseviciene ◽  
Lina Zickiene
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
First Results ◽  
The Impact

Soil microorganisms are one of the main indicators used for assessing the stability of the soil ecosystem, the metabolism in the soil, and its fertility. The most important are the active soil microorganisms and the influence of the fertilizer applied to the soil on the abundance of these microorganisms. We aimed to investigate how the applied organic fertilizers affect the most active soil microorganisms, which determine the soil fertility and stability. Fungi, yeast-like fungi abundance, and abundance of three physiological groups of bacteria were analyzed: non-symbiotic diazotrophic, organotrophic, and mineral nitrogen assimilating. This study is valuable because relatively few similar studies have been performed on infertile Lithuanian soils. The first results of a long-term study were obtained. The results show the effect of fertilizers on trends in the changes of microorganism community diversity; however, more analysis is needed to assess the impact of organic fertilizers on the most active soil microorganisms. Therefore, the investigation was continued. The results of the 2020 quantitative analysis of culturable soil microorganisms show that the highest abundance of organotrophic and non-symbiotic diazotrophic bacteria were recorded during the summer season. Meanwhile, the abundance of bacteria assimilating mineral nitrogen and fungi was higher in autumn. Agrochemical parameters were determined at the beginning of the experiment. The highest concentration of Nmin in the soil was determined after fertilizing the plants with the combination of granulated poultry manure (N170) + biological substance Azotobacter spp. The yield of barley was calculated. It was found that the highest yield of spring barley in 2020 was obtained by fertilizing the experimental field with organic in combination with mineral fertilizers.

scholarly journals Impact of the depth of fertilizer localization on the nutrient regime of Luvic Chernic Phaozem and yield of spring barley

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
V. M. Smychenko ◽  
◽  
M. M. Miroshnychenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Local Application ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Nutrient Regime ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the research is to determine the impact of the depth of local application of mineral fertilizers on the nutrient content in the arable layer of soil and the yield of spring barley. The studies were carried out during 2018 - 2020 in a temporary small-plot experiment. Soil – chernozem podzolized loamy (Luvic Chernic Phaeozem). The application of N60P60K60 in the form of nitroammophoska or a mixture of ammophos, ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride was compared to a depth of 10-12 cm and 20-22 cm from the soil surface. The row spacing of barley crops was 15 cm; the fertilizer tape was placed at a distance of 4-5 cm away from the row. Mixed soil samples were taken from fertilizer tapes twice during the growing season of barley (in the first half of the growing season and after harvesting). The weather conditions were quite contrasting: in 2018 it was dry at the beginning of the growing season and during grain ripening, in 2019 was dry only during the formation of grain, and in 2020 - rather humid and relatively cool during almost the entire growing season. At the beginning of the growing season of barley in 2018, the highest content of mineral nitrogen in the soil was found with a shallow location of the fertilizers, but in 2019-2020 - in case fertilizer tapes at 20-22 cm from the surface. Location of fertilizer at a depth of 20-22 cm also provided a higher level of mobile phosphorus and potassium in the soil than applying at a depth of 10-12 cm. After the barley harvest, the highest accumulation of mineral nitrogen in the soil in 2018 was found with shallow application and in 2019-2020 - with deeper application. A tendency of more accumulation of chlorophyll in plants was observed with an increase in the depth of fertilization. Local application of fertilizers gave a reliable increase in yield in all variants of the experiment. However, the increase was twice as high when placing the fertilizer tape was at a depth of 20-22 cm as at a depth of 10-12 cm. Application of nitroammophoska to a depth of 20-22 cm was more effective than mixtures of simple and complex fertilizers. It was concluded that the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season and the depth of the location of fertilizers mutually affect the nutrient regime of the soil. The advantage of deep fertilization is more significant under insufficient moisture.

The effect of long-term fertilization on forage crop productivity and quality in the North

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н.Т. Чеботарёв ◽  
Н.Н. Шергина
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
The Impact

В условиях Республики Коми в полевом стационарном опыте на дерново-подзолистой легкосуглинистой почве изучена эффективность различных доз органических и минеральных удобрений, а также совместного их применения. Исследования проводили в 1978–2019 годах на опытных полях Института агробиотехнологий ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН. Целью проводимых исследований было изучение влияния комплексного применения удобрений на продуктивность и качество кормовых культур в шестипольном севообороте. Кормовой севооборот имел следующее чередование культур: картофель, викоовсяная смесь с подсевом многолетних трав, многолетние травы 1 г.п., многолетние травы 2 г.п., викоовсяная смесь, картофель. В результате научных исследований (более 40 лет) установлено, что наиболее эффективной была органоминеральная система удобрений, особенно при внесении 80 т/га торфонавозного компоста (ТНК) и минеральных удобрений. Многолетние исследования показали, что наиболее значительные урожаи кормовых культур (в среднем за три ротации) получены при использовании 80 т/га ТНК и NPK: однолетних трав — 4,4 т/га; многолетних трав — 6,2 и картофеля — 7,1 т/га сухого вещества высокого качества. Содержание сухого вещества в клубнях картофеля в вариантах с NPK составило 18,0–18,8%, на органическом фоне — 18,4–18,9 и при комплексном применении удобрений — 17,1–17,7; в контроле — 19,6%. Количество крахмала в картофеле незначительно различалось по вариантам опыта и равнялось 12,6–13,1%. Содержание нитратов не превышало ПДК (250 мг/кг сырой массы). Количество сухого вещества в однолетних и многолетних травах изменялось незначительно и составляло 19,0–19,8 и 25,0–26,8% соответственно. Установлено, что удобрения способствовали повышению содержания сырого протеина в однолетних и многолетних травах до 13,1–15,0% (в контроле — 11,2%) и 8,8–10,6 % (в контроле — 8,1%) соответственно. The impact of various rates of organic and mineral fertilizers was analyzed in the Komi Republic on sod-podzolic soil with low loam content. The research took place at the Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology in 1978–2019. The goal was to test forage crop productivity and quality under fertilization and six-field crop rotation. Crop rotation happened as follows: potatoes, vetch-oat mixture overseeded by perennial grasses, first-year perennial grasses, second-year perennial grasses, vetch-oat mixture, potatoes. For 40 years the combination of mineral and organic fertilizers was the most effective. The highest yields for three rotations were observed under the application of 80 t ha-1 of peat-manure compost and NPK: annual grasses produced 4.4 t ha-1; perennial grasses — 6.2, and potatoes — 7.1 t ha-1 of high-quality dry matter (DM). Potato tubers accumulated 18.0–18.8% of DM under NPK application, 18.4–18.9 — under organic nutrition, 17.1–17.7 — when using complex fertilization, and 19.6% — in the control. Starch content varied within 12.6–13.1% in potatoes. Nitrate content did not exceed the maximum acceptable concentration (250 mg/kg of raw mass). DM concentrations amounted to 19.0–19.8 and 25.0–26.8% in annual and perennial grasses, respectively. Fertilization increased crude protein amount in annual and perennial grasses up to 13.1–15.0% (versus 11.2% in the control) and 8.8–10.6 % (versus 8.1%), respectively.

scholarly journals Monitoring of the agrochemical state of agricultural chernozems of the forest-steppe zone of the central chernozem region of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 03018
Author(s):  
A.V. Surinov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Central Chernozem

The Borisovsky district of the Belgorod region, located in the south-west of the forest-steppe zone of the Central Forest Region, was chosen for the study. The study covered an 11-year period, during which 3 cycles of agrochemical soil survey were conducted in the district - in 2010, 2016 and 2020. Analyzing the use of mineral and organic fertilizers, an increase in crop yield indicators was noted. Thus, an increase in the dose of organic fertilizers (up to 1.96 t/ha) and mineral fertilizers (up to 127.2 kg/ha) made it possible to obtain 5.13 t/ha of winter wheat, 4.19 t/ha of spring barley, 7.9 t/ha of corn for grain and 3.29 t/ha of sunflower seeds. In addition, the content of macro and microelements in the soil has changed. The active fight against soil acidity affected the content of available forms of phosphorus and zinc, the indicators of which decreased slightly.

scholarly journals Multivariate Tools for Evaluating the Use of Organic Fertilizers on Soil Microbial Properties and Maize Yield

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Layana Dorado Correia Belinato ◽  
Elston Elston Kraft ◽  
Rafael Solivo ◽  
Patrícia Aparecida de Oliveira ◽  
Evandro Spagnollo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Swine Manure ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Metabolic Efficiency ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Manure Compost ◽  
The Impact

The global demand for protein led to the increase of animal production in the world and, mainly, in Brazil. As a consequence, there was an increase in the amount of waste produced, and the need to seek alternatives for its sustainable use. Microbial indicators and multivariate tools can assist in the proper measurement of the impact of the use of this waste on the soil. This study aimed to: 1) measure the effect of the application of organic fertilizers of animal origin in the no-tillage system on soil microbial attributes and its relationship with maize yield; 2) evaluate the potential of separation/discrimination of the different sources of organic fertilizers based on yield and soil microbial and chemical-physical attributes, using multivariate tools. Treatments consisted of annual application of: poultry manure (PM), liquid swine manure (LSM), poultry manure compost (PMC), swine manure compost (SMC), cattle manure compost (CMC) and control (C), without fertilization. Organic fertilizers promoted higher values of microbial biomass (MB) and MBC:TOC ratio in treatments CMC, SMC and PM in the first sampling season (E1), followed by PM, LSM and PMC in the second sampling period (E2). The data show that PM promoted microbial growth in both seasons, with higher metabolic efficiency increasing maize yield by 30% in relation to the treatment with the second highest production, PMC. Multivariate analysis techniques prove to be important tools to study soil quality indicators in systems which use organic fertilizers.

scholarly journals MICROBIAL PREPARATIONS IN AGRICULTURE CULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES AS A REGULATING FACTOR FOR THE ACTIVITY OF THE DENITRIFICATION PROCESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
V. V. Volkohon ◽  
А. М. Moskalenko ◽  
S. B. Dimova ◽  
К. І. Volkohon ◽  
О. V. Pyrih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Rhizospheric Soil ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Denitrification Process

Objective. To determine the features of potential N2O emission from the rhizospheric soil of plants under different crop fertilization systems. Methods. Field experiment, gas chromatographic methods. Results. In the field stationary experiment on leached chornozem during crop rotation in potato, spring barley, peas and winter wheat, it was shown that potential N2O losses from the rhizo-spheric soil of plants depend on fertilizing systems and microbial preparations. The losses of nitro-gen gaseous compounds are proportional to the standards of the applied mineral nitrogen fertiliz-ers. High N2O emission rates are observed in the first year of cattle manure application and during its after-effect. Emission of nitrous oxide also increases with organo-mineral fertilization. The use of microbial preparations in crop cultivation technologies: Biogran for potatoes, Mikrogumin for spring barley, Rhizogumin for peas, Polimiksobakteryn for winter wheat under the application of mineral fertilizers, contributes to a significant limitation of nitrogen gas losses. This is due to the increase of the absorption coefficients of the active substance from the fertilizers by bacterization-initiated plants and, consequently, the decrease in mineral nitrogen compounds in the rhizospheric soil. When growing potatoes by an organic agrarian background (40 t/ha of manure), the signifi-cant effect of Biogran on the course of the biological denitrification process has not been estab-lished, which can be explained by the formation of an intense pool of microorganisms under the use of manure, and the levelling of pre-sowing bacterization due to this effect. Conclusion. The use of microbial preparations for inoculation of agricultural seeds helps to reduce the emission of nitrous oxide from rhizospheric soil of plants under their cultivation by mineral agrarian backgrounds, which is important both economically and environmentally.

scholarly journals DENITRIFICATION PECULIARITIES IN AGROCOENOSIS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS AND MICROBIAL PREPARATIONS

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
V.V. Volkogon ◽  
S.B. Dimova ◽  
K.I. Volkogon ◽  
M.S. Komok ◽  
N.P. Shtan’ko
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Substrate Use ◽  
Biological Denitrification ◽  
Denitrification Activity ◽  
Nitrite Respiration

The paper shows the results of studies of denitrification activityin root zone of spring barley, maize and potato under the use of mineralfertilizers and microbial preparations. It was established that applicationof optimal for the plants growth and development doses of fertilizershad restrained the biological denitrification activity due to the bothplants assimilation of mineral nitrogen and deprivation of rhizosphericmicroorganisms with nitrite respiration substrate. Use of physiologicallyungrounded doses of fertilizers especially when combining withmicrobial preparations had led to the significant loses of nitrogen dueto the denitrification. Thereby the application of microbial preparationsin agricultural crops growing technologies should be performed onoptimal agricultural backgrounds keeping biological denitrification atits lowest levels.

scholarly journals Estimation of effectiveness of usage of liquid organic fertilizer in the context of rational land use: a case study of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Kucher
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Economic Effectiveness ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Sample Number ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the article – to perform comparative analysis of the economic effectiveness of the 10 samples of organic fertilizer of pig farm, bio humus “Humivit” and mineral fertilizers (Nitroamofoska, ammonium nitrate, carbamide) on the example of oats. The study used the following methods: abstract-logical, cash-analytical, cash-equivalent, expert, monographic. The research was done in Ukraine. The results of the comparative analysis of economic effectiveness of the 10 samples of organic pig fertilizer, bio humus “Humivit” and mineral fertilizers (Nitroamofoska, ammonium nitrate, carbamide) in the example of oats on the green mass show that the use of organic fertilizers sample number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10 is an economically effective, while organic fertilizers of sample number 7, 8, 9 are economically inefficient. By the main indicators of economic effectiveness (coefficients of payback, conditional additional profit, level of profitability) organic fertilizers sample number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10 have significant competitive advantages over the studied brands of mineral fertilizers and bio humus “Humivit”. The use of organic pig fertilizers, except the sample number 8, in economic terms for the impact on potential soil fertility is more effective than bio humus “Humivit”. The most significant economic benefits for the impact on potential soil fertility are samples of organic fertilizers pig number 1, 5, 10, whose application generates the lowest cost price of humus. The element of novelty is that with using the author’s scientific and methodical approach it was conducted the estimation of economic effectiveness of the liquid organic fertilizer of pig farm for the impact on potential soil fertility.

scholarly journals Influence of vermicompost aftereffect on the efficiency of spring barley cultivation in arid conditions of the Steppe of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-288
Author(s):  
O. O. Vinyukov ◽  
A. P. Dudkina ◽  
T. V. Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Control Analysis

Barley is a crop, requires the availability of available nutrients in the soil, especially at the be-ginning of the growing season. The aim of the research was to determine the effectiveness of the aftereffect of using vermicompost when growing spring barley on different backgrounds in the Donetsk region. The studies were carried out according to the methodology of the field experiment of B. A. Dospehova. Research methods: field, supplemented by analytical studies, measurements, calculations and observations. The studies were conducted in 2017–2019 by laboratory-field method in field crop rotation in the experimental sections of the Donetsk SSES NAAS. The repetition in the experiments is 3-fold. The location of the plots is systematic. The soil is alkaline-chernozemic carbonate, having an average supply of mineral nitrogen and mobile phosphorus, low – potassium. The humus content of 4,2 % indicates a high potential soil fertility, but to realize the potential of the culture, additional application of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers is necessary. The technology for growing crops is generally accepted for the farms of the region, with the ex- ception of the factors studied. Variety of barley spring Avers. The experience scheme provides for: control (without fertilizers); background – saturation of crop rotation with vermicompost granular 2 t/ha; background + N30P30K30; background + N60P60K60; N30P30K30. The use of organic fertilizers under the predecessor in crop rotation provided improve nutriti-on conditions for plants, which positively affected the growth and development of spring barley plants. So, on the variants with the use of mineral fertilizers, the highest indices of the number of productive stems and the structure of the crop were noted in the background. The variant where N60P60K60 was added in the background produced the largest mass of 1000 grains – 49,8 g, which is 4,6 % higher than the control. Analysis of the study indicates the positive effect of the aftereffect of organic fertilizer (ver-micompost) on the yield of spring barley. The maximum yield of spring barley was obtained against the background of aftereffect of vermicompost 2 t/ha and the application of mineral fertilizers N60P60K60 – 5,05 t/ha, but due to high production costs, the profitability level is 114,9 %. The application of organic fertilizers under the background provides a yield of 3,67 t/ha and the highest level of profitability of 140,6 %. The optimal technological option provides for the introduction of mineral fertilizers in the norm N30P30K30 amid predecessor saturation with vermicompost. This allows increasing the yield up to 4,90 t/ha (by 1,46 t/ha or 42,4 % to the control) and obtaining a profitability level of 136,1 %. The use only of mineral fertilizer N30P30K30 in severely arid weather conditions of the steppe zone allows increasing the yield by 0,70 t/ha compared to the control but, due to the high cost of pro-duction, leads to a low production profitability of 99,6 %. Key words: spring barley, background, vermicompost, mineral fertilizers, yield, economic effici-ency.

scholarly journals Is soil management system really important? comparison of microbial community diversity and structure in soils managed under organic and conventional regimes with some view on soil properties

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0256969
Author(s):  
Kamila Rachwał ◽  
Klaudia Gustaw ◽  
Waldemar Kazimierczak ◽  
Adam Waśko
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Management Regime ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The fertility and productive value of soil are closely related to the physical and chemical properties of the soil as well as its biological activity. This activity is related to the intensity of microbially catalysed processes of transformation of organic and mineral substances contained in the soil. These processes are closely correlated with the abundance and biodiversity of soil microorganisms, especially bacteria, and the activity of enzymes produced by them. In this article we have compared some physicochemical properties of soil derived from conventional and organic farms and microbial communities inhabiting these ecosystems. We aim to investigate whether the soil management regime affects the abundance and diversity of these environments in terms of bacteria. Some differences in microbial communities were observed, but the rhizosphere of plants from organic and conventional soils does not harbour separate microbiomes. Albeit, the method of fertilization influences the diversity of soil microorganisms. A greater diversity of bacteria was observed in soils from farms where organic fertilizers were applied. Soil pH and activity of some soil enzymes were also shown to differ between organic and conventional soil cropping systems.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE BIOLOGICAL AND MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON DARK-GRAY FOREST SOIL

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
М.А. ГАБИБОВ
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
First Order ◽  
The Impact

В данной статье рассматриваются вопросы влияния биологических и минеральных удобрений на продуктивность озимой ржи на темно-серой лесной почве в условиях Рязанской области. Исследования проводились по методу расщепленных делянок: на делянках первого порядка на озимой ржи изучали эффективность минеральных и органических удобрений, а на делянках второго порядка – действие биопрепаратов. Результаты исследований показали, что наилучшим из исследованных агроэкологических приемов повышения урожайности озимой ржи является использование в качестве органического удобрения соломы люпина и инокуляции семян биопрепаратами ризоагрин или флавобактерин. Урожайность зерна озимой ржи составляет от 37,5 ц/га при использовании ризоагрина и до 38,7 ц/га – флавобактерина, в среднем за 3 года. Относительно фона прибавка составляет 6,7 и 7,9 ц/га или 21,9 и 25,5%. При данном агротехнологическом приеме прибавка получена как за счет увеличения продуктивных стеблей с 495 ш/м2 до 521 шт/м2 при обработке ризоагрином и 538 шт/м2 при обработке флавобактерином, так и за счет увеличения массы зерна в колосе (35,1 г на контроле, 37,5 г при обработке ризоагрином и 37,7 г флавобактерином). Необходимо отметить, что этот максимальный уровень урожайности в опыте был достигнут без внесения минеральных азотных удобрений. В целом наблюдается прямая корреляция между содержанием азота и урожайностью озимой ржи. Вынос основных элементов питания возрастает с увеличением урожайности. This article discusses the impact of biological and mineral fertilizers on the productivity of winter rye on dark gray forest soil in the Ryazan region. Studies were carried out by the method of split plots: on plots of the first order on winter rye studied the effectiveness of mineral and organic fertilizers, and on plots of the second order-the effect of biological products. The results of the research showed that the best of the studied agroecological methods of increasing the yield of winter rye is the use of Lupin straw as an organic fertilizer and inoculation of seeds with biologics rizoagrin or flavobacterin. The yield of winter rye grain is from 37.5 C / ha using rhizoagrin and up to 38.7 C / ha from flavobacterin, on average for 3 years. Relative to the background, the increase is 6.7 and 7.9 C / ha or 21.9 and 25.5%. With this agrotechnological method, the increase was obtained both by increasing the productive stems from 495 W / m2 to 521 PCs/m2 when treated with rizoagrin and 538 PCs/m2 when treated with flavobacterin, and by increasing the weight of grain in the ear (35.1 g on the control, 37.5 g when treated with rizoagrin and 37.7 g flavobacterin). It should be noted that this maximum level of yield in the experiment was achieved without the introduction of mineral nitrogen fertilizers. In General, there is a direct correlation between nitrogen content and winter rye yield. The removal of essential nutrients increases with increasing yields.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document