Use of Biostimulants: Towards Sustainable Approach to Enhance Durum Wheat Performances

The use of biostimulant (BS) holds a promising and environmental-friendly innovation to address current needs of sustainable agriculture. The aim of the present study is twofold: (i) assess the potential of durum wheat seed coating with microbial BS (‘Panoramix’, Koppert), a mix of Bacillus spp., Trichoderma spp., and endomycorrhiza, compared to two chemical products (‘Spectro’ and ‘Mycoseeds’) through germination bioassay, pot and field trials under semi-arid conditions, and (ii) identify the most effective method of BS supply (‘seed coating’, ‘foliar spray’, and ‘seed coating + foliar spray’) under field conditions. For this purpose, three modern durum wheat cultivars were tested. ‘Panoramix’ was the most efficient treatment and enhanced all germination (germination rate, and coleoptile and radicle length), physiological (relative water content, chlorophyll content, and leaf area), and agro-morphological (plant height, biomass, seed number per spike, thousand kernel weight, and grain yield) attributes. Unexpectedly, the individual application of ‘Panoramix’ showed better performance than the combined treatment ‘Panoramix + Spectro’. Considering the physiological and agro-morphological traits, the combined method ‘seed coating + foliar spray’ displayed the best results. Principal component analysis confirmed the superiority of ‘Panoramix’ treatment or ‘seed coating + foliar spray’ method. Among tested durum wheat cultivars, ‘Salim’ performed better especially under ‘Panoramix’ treatment, but in some case ‘Karim’ valorized better this BS showing the highest increase rates. Based on these study outcomes, ‘Panoramix’ might be used as promising sustainable approach to stimulate durum wheat performance.

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Effect of Certain Fungicides and Trichoderma Spp. on the Growth Parameter, Yield Attributes and Yield Affected by Powdery Mildew of Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.)

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.18805/ijare.a-5198 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Neeraj Kumar Meena ◽

Nithin B Patil ◽

Santosh Bhanage

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Trichoderma Harzianum ◽

Block Design ◽

Trichoderma Viride ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Growth Parameter ◽

Green Gram ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Yield Attributes

Powdery mildew is an important foliar disease of green gram caused by Erysiphe polygoni DC. in India. An experiment was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of fungicides (Propiconazole, Carbendazim, Wettable sulphur, Mancozeb) and bio-agents (Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum,) against powdery mildew of green gram in the Central Experimental Field, Department of Plant Pathology, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj during the kharif season 2018-19. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with seven treatments and each replicated thrice. In a field assay, maximum plant height (71.11) cm was observed in Trichoderma viride as foliar spray followed by Trichoderma harzianum, Carbendazim, Wettable sulphur, Propiconazole and Mancozeb. The experiment revealed that, among the treatments Carbendazim, as foliar spray was most effective with maximum length of pods (7.27) cm and weight of pods (5.6) g followed by Wettable sulphur, Propiconazole, Mancozeb, Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma viride. Maximum yield was recorded with Carbendazim (10.15) q/ha, as foliar spray followed by Wettable sulphur (9.76) q/ha, Propiconazole (9.22) q/ha, Mancozeb (8.60) q/ha, Trichoderma harzianum (7.88) q/ha and Trichoderma viride (7.22) q/ha.

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Influence of seed soaking and foliar spray of stress mitigating bio-regulators on growth and yield attributes, yield and economics of durum wheat under conserved soil moisture condition

International Journal of Chemical Studies ◽

10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i6t.10959 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 1404-1409

Author(s):

Mevada KD ◽

Choudhary Ram Niwas ◽

Saiyad MM

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Moisture Condition ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Soil Moisture Condition ◽

Seed Soaking

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Effect of selenium fertilizer source and rate on grain yield and selenium and cadmium concentration of durum wheat

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps06060 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 87 (4) ◽

pp. 703-708 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Cynthia A Grant ◽

Wayne T Buckley ◽

Ronggui Wu

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Effective Means ◽

Cadmium Concentration ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Selenium Concentration ◽

Field Studies ◽

Sodium Selenate ◽

Seed Coating ◽

Negative Effects

Field studies were conducted for 3 yr at two locations in Manitoba, Canada, to evaluate the effect of various sources and rates of Se fertilizer on crop growth and the Se and Cd concentrations of durum wheat. Selenium concentration in durum wheat grown without Se application ranged from 195 to 532 µg kg-1 over the 6 site-years. Selenium seed coating, “Selcote” commercial granular fertilizer, and a foliar spray of sodium selenate solution applied at Feekes stage 5 all increased Se concentration in durum wheat grain at all locations, without negative effects on crop stand, biomass yield or grain yield. Regardless of treatment, Cd concentration in the grain was generally below proposed regulatory limits. Application of Se did not reduce Cd concentration in the grain, regardless of Se source. Selenium fertilization can be used to increase Se concentration of durum wheat, but is not an effective means of reducing the grain Cd concentration. Key words: Selcote, sodium selenate, seed-coating, selenium, cadmium

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EFFECT OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON THE QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF FIVE NORTH AMERICAN AMBER DURUM WHEAT CULTIVARS

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps82-134 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 62 (4) ◽

pp. 901-912 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

J. E. DEXTER ◽

R. R. MATSUO ◽

W. L. CROWLE ◽

F. G. KOSMOLAK

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

North American ◽

Protein Solubility ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Kernel Weight ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

Tolerance Index ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Milling Yield

Five North American amber durum wheat cultivars were grown at three levels of soil fertility by applying N fertilizer (ammonium nitrate 34–0–0) at 0, 56 and 224 kg/ha. Application of 56 kg/ha of N did not increase grain yields overall, but at 224 kg/ha of N the five cultivars exhibited an average yield advantage of 7.8%. Test weight and kernel weight decreased with increasing N fertilizer, but semolina milling yield was not affected. Protein levels increased for all cultivars at each level of N fertilizer, but kernel hardness, as measured by semolina granulation, was not affected. Gluten strength and gluten protein solubility in lactic acid were not influenced by level of N fertilizer. Spaghetti pigment decreased with increased N fertilizer level due to the combined effects of decreased semolina pigment and increased pigment loss during spaghetti processing. Pasta dough farinographs exhibited decreased mixing times, increased maximum consistency and increased tolerance index with increasing N fertilizer due to increasing protein content. As N fertilizer levels increased spaghetti cooked weight decreased, solids lost to cooking water decreased, and cooked spaghetti resilience and firmness improved at both optimum cooking time and after overcooking for 10 min. All the cooking quality effects could be attributed to increased levels of protein at high N fertilization levels.

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Olive mill wastewater effects on durum wheat crop attributes and soil microbial activities: A pilot study in Syria

Energy Ecology and Environment ◽

10.1007/s40974-021-00209-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jehan Khalil ◽

Hasan Habib ◽

Michael Alabboud ◽

Safwan Mohammed

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Olive Mill Wastewater ◽

The Other ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Microbial Activities ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Olive Mill

AbstractOlive mill wastewater is one of the environmental problems in semiarid regions. The main goals of this study were to investigate the impacts of different olive mill wastewater levels on durum wheat (Triticum aestivum var. Douma1) production and soil microbial activities (i.e., bacteria and fungi). A pot experiment was conducted during the growing seasons 2015/2017 to evaluate the effect of three levels of olive mill wastewater on both growth and productivity attributes of wheat. Vertisol soil samples were collected from southern Syria. Two months before wheat cultivation, three levels of olive mill wastewater: T5 (5 L/m 2), T10 (10 L/m2) and T15 (15 L/m 2) were added to pots filled with the collected soil samples. Also, a control (T0) free of olive mill wastewater was considered as a reference. Results showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in germination rate (%), plant height (cm), ear length (cm), kernels number, kernels weight per ear (g) and grain yield (g/m2) compared to control. However, T5 treatment did not induce a significant increase in terms of ear length, kernels weight per ear or yield (in the second season). On the other hand, T10 treatment had recorded the best results compared with the other two treatments (T5, T15). Similarly, the results showed a significant increase in the number of bacterial and fungi cells by increasing olive mill wastewater concentration. This research provides promising results toward using olive mill wastewater in an eco-friendly way under Syrian conditions.

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Abiotic Stress Response of Near-Isogenic Spring Durum Wheat Lines under Different Sowing Densities

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22042053 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 2053

Author(s):

Judit Bányai ◽

Marco Maccaferri ◽

László Láng ◽

Marianna Mayer ◽

Viola Tóth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Kernel Weight ◽

Grain Weight ◽

Abiotic Stress Response ◽

Grain Number ◽

Isogenic Lines

A detailed study was made of changes in the plant development, morphology, physiology and yield biology of near-isogenic lines of spring durum wheat sown in the field with different plant densities in two consecutive years (2013–2014). An analysis was made of the drought tolerance of isogenic lines selected for yield QTLs (QYld.idw-2B and QYld.idw-3B), and the presence of QTL effects was examined in spring sowings. Comparisons were made of the traits of the isogenic pairs QYld.idw-3B++ and QYld.idw-3B−− both within and between the pairs. Changes in the polyamine content, antioxidant enzyme activity, chlorophyll content of the flag leaf and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of the plot were monitored in response to drought stress, and the relationship between these components and the yield was analyzed. In the case of moderate stress, differences between the NIL++ and NIL−− pairs appeared in the early dough stage, indicating that the QYld.idw-3B++ QTL region was able to maintain photosynthetic activity for a longer period, resulting in greater grain number and grain weight at the end of the growing period. The chlorophyll content of the flag leaf in phenophases Z77 and Z83 was significantly correlated with the grain number and grain weight of the main spike. The grain yield was greatly influenced by the treatment, while the genotype had a significant effect on the thousand-kernel weight and on the grain number and grain weight of the main spike. When the lines were compared in the non-irrigated treatment, significantly more grains and significantly higher grain weight were observed in the main spike in NIL++ lines, confirming the theory that the higher yields of the QYld.idw-3B++ lines when sown in spring and exposed to drought stress could be attributed to the positive effect of the “Kofa” QTL on chromosome 3B.

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