scholarly journals Viruses Infecting Trees and Herbs That Produce Edible Fleshy Fruits with a Prominent Value in the Global Market: An Evolutionary Perspective

Plants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Lizette Liliana Rodríguez-Verástegui ◽  
Candy Yuriria Ramírez-Zavaleta ◽  
María Fernanda Capilla-Hernández ◽  
Josefat Gregorio-Jorge
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
Virus Interactions ◽  
Agricultural Food

Trees and herbs that produce fruits represent the most valuable agricultural food commodities in the world. However, the yield of these crops is not fully achieved due to biotic factors such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Viruses are capable of causing alterations in plant growth and development, thereby impacting the yield of their hosts significantly. In this work, we first compiled the world′s most comprehensive list of known edible fruits that fits our definition. Then, plant viruses infecting those trees and herbs that produce fruits with commercial importance in the global market were identified. The identified plant viruses belong to 30 families, most of them containing single-stranded RNA genomes. Importantly, we show the overall picture of the host range for some virus families following an evolutionary approach. Further, the current knowledge about plant-virus interactions, focusing on the main disorders they cause, as well as yield losses, is summarized. Additionally, since accurate diagnosis methods are of pivotal importance for viral diseases control, the current and emerging technologies for the detection of these plant pathogens are described. Finally, the most promising strategies employed to control viral diseases in the field are presented, focusing on solutions that are long-lasting.

scholarly journals The Ubiquitin Proteasome System as a Double Agent in Plant-Virus Interactions

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 928
Author(s):  
Ullrich Dubiella ◽  
Irene Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Plant Defence ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome System ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome ◽  
Double Agent ◽  
Virus Interactions ◽  
Made In

The ubiquitin proteasome is a rapid, adaptive mechanism for selective protein degradation, crucial for proper plant growth and development. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) has also been shown to be an integral part of plant responses to stresses, including plant defence against pathogens. Recently, significant progress has been made in the understanding of the involvement of the UPS in the signalling and regulation of the interaction between plants and viruses. This review aims to discuss the current knowledge about the response of plant viral infection by the UPS and how the viruses counteract this system, or even use it for their own benefit.

scholarly journals An Insight into the Approaches to Target Begomoviruses: RNAi Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 192-199
Author(s):  
Saurabh Verma
Keyword(s):  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Transgenic Crops ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
The World ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Review Current

The destructive nature of viral diseases and its epidemic level of infection demand for a specific, effective and sustainable strategy. Begomovirus being the most destructive class of plant viruses, causes a widespread loss to crop production in the world. RNA silencing approaches have been implemented in past to raise virus-resistant transgenic crops. Some have found success while others failed terribly either in the laboratory or in field trials. In the present and future context, reviewing the potential of this technique is essential as Indian sub-continent region has an agriculture-based economy. This article aimed to review current research and future perspective in efficient targeting of begomovirus borne diseases in crops using RNA silencing as a molecular tool.

scholarly journals Tomato spotted wilt virus: One of the most destructive plant viruses

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branka Krstic ◽  
Aleksandra Bulajic ◽  
Ivana Djekic ◽  
Janos Berenji
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
The World ◽  
Wilt Virus

Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) has one of the largest host ranges among plant viruses and is widespread in all climates. TSWV is responsible for numerous epidemics in many parts of the world in different crops, mainly vegetables, tobacco and ornamentals. Its highly polyphagous nature, effectiveness of virus transmission by the thrips as its vectors, rapidity with which new variants arise, as well as difficulties in controlling the vectors make TSWV one of the most dangerous plant viruses. The ability of this virus to cause such severe losses on a broad range of crops, as well as its intriguing biological and molecular characteristics place TSWV amongst the most extensively studied plant viruses in the world at present. This paper provides a general overview of TSWV, encompassing all the major aspects of its biology and current knowledge on host range, symptomatology, molecular biology, vector relationship, control and diagnosis.

scholarly journals TEACHING THE ADJECTIVE AND THE ADVERBS BY USINGTHE RESULTS OF THE LINGUISTIC LESSON

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 134-142
Author(s):  
Fatma Zohra KOUATI
Keyword(s):  
International Institutions ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Economic Openness ◽  
Stunted Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
Poor Nutrition ◽  
Agricultural Food

In light of the global economic openness and the prosperity of global trade, which has no limits to the movement of goods and capital in a globalized world, and in the front of the countries and the international institutions adoption to the liberal doctrine of liberalizing trade which promises to reach the highest levels of growth and achieve prosperity for all peoples of the world. In light of the tremendous and rapid technological development that contributed to the increase and abundance of agricultural food commodities production, the world today is facing a food crisis that prevents it from reaching a large proportion of the world's population, which threatens hundreds of millions with starvation and malnutrition. Consequently, the international reality reflects a shocking and terrifying picture of what people suffer from poverty, hunger and lack of nutrition. According to the recent changes of the United Nations Organization, about 822 million people suffer from chronic food insufficiency and hunger. Hundreds of millions of children under the age of five suffer from wasting, stunting and stunted growth. Tens of thousands die every day because of poor nutrition, and in the range of 3 billion people suffering from malnutrition In addition to all this, the global spread of the new Corona epidemic has made the situation more aggravating where expectations worship that we are on the verge of a food pandemic that could kill 300.000 person. Faced with this paradox, the abundance of production, hunger, through this study, we try to stand at the real causes of this crisis, whose repercussions are continuing to worsen at various levels, especially in light of the Corona pandemic.We also try to find effective solutions and alternatives to bypass and avoid a humanitarian disaster.

Competitiveness in the era of global digitalization

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
E. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
International Business ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Antitrust Policy ◽  
Economic Dynamics ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
The World

In the context of digitalization in the world, competition is intensifying, lead-ing to a significant transformation of international business and a change in the development strategies of global digital platforms in the global market. The article analyzes and summarizes the prevailing approaches to competition and antitrust policy in the context of the “platformization” of the world economy and its impact on international economic dynamics.

scholarly journals From the Infection to the Immunotherapy in Cervical Cancer: Can We Stop the Natural Course of the Disease?

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 597
Author(s):  
Daniela Luvero ◽  
Salvatore Lopez ◽  
Giorgio Bogani ◽  
Francesco Raspagliesi ◽  
Roberto Angioli
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Cancer Death ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Primary And Secondary Prevention ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Cervical cancer (CC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in women aged 20–39 years. Persistent infection with oncogenic types of human papillomavirus (HPV) represents the most important risk factor for the development of cervical cancer. Three HPVs vaccines are currently on the global market: bivalent, quadrivalent, and nonavalent. The nonavalent vaccine provides protection against almost 90% of HPV-related CC. Despite availability of primary and secondary prevention measures, CC persists as one of the most common cancers among women around the world. Although CC is a largely preventable disease, management of persistent or recurrent CC no longer amenable to control with surgery or radiation therapy has not improved significantly with the progress of modern chemotherapy and disseminated carcinoma of the cervix remains a discouraging clinical entity with a 1-year survival rate between 10% and 15%. Over the last few years, there has been increasing interest in immunotherapy as a strategy to fight tumors. This article focuses on recent discoveries about the HPV vaccine and immunotherapies in the prevention and treatment of CC, highlighting the future view.

scholarly journals The molecular footprints of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-248
Author(s):  
Engin Yilmaz ◽  
Yakut Akyön ◽  
Muhittin Serdar
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Changing Environment ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Host Virus Interactions ◽  
Virus Interactions

AbstractCOVID-19 is the third spread of animal coronavirus over the past two decades, resulting in a major epidemic in humans after SARS and MERS. COVID-19 is responsible of the biggest biological earthquake in the world. In the global fight against COVID-19 some serious mistakes have been done like, the countries’ misguided attempts to protect their economies, lack of international co-operation. These mistakes that the people had done in previous deadly outbreaks. The result has been a greater economic devastation and the collapse of national and international trust for all. In this constantly changing environment, if we have a better understanding of the host-virus interactions than we can be more prepared to the future deadly outbreaks. When encountered with a disease which the causative is unknown, the reaction time and the precautions that should be taken matters a great deal. In this review we aimed to reveal the molecular footprints of COVID-19 scientifically and to get an understanding of the pandemia. This review might be a highlight to the possible outbreaks.

scholarly journals Rijeka as a socialist port: Insights from Jugolinija's early years, 1947-1960

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-208
Author(s):  
Brigitte Le Normand
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Early Years ◽  
The Political ◽  
State Socialism ◽  
Privileged Access ◽  
Shipping Line ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

To understand the distinctiveness of ports under state socialism, it is necessary to shift the focus from the built environment to flows of people, goods, knowledge and capital. In so doing, this article examines the operation of Yugoslavia's main shipping line, Jugolinija, from its inception in 1947 until 1960. This enterprise was based in the port of Rijeka, with both firm and port experiencing rapid growth during this period. The impact of state socialism can be seen in the primacy of the political over the profitability of the firm, with Jugolinija used to advance Yugoslavia's foreign trade and foreign policy, its interests being subordinated to the project of building self-managed socialism. It can also be seen in the unique challenges posed by having to operate at the intersection of the global market and a highly regulated economy – a situation that also created opportunities for the firm as a whole, as well as for its employees, who had access to foreign currency, travel and knowledge of the world. Jugolinija's privileged access to the world in what was still very much a closed society also created opportunities for ‘leaks’ of personnel and goods. Finally, socialist ideology left its imprint on Jugolinija's operations and shaped the ways in which its employees understood their work and the place of the firm within the Yugoslav economy. While it is tempting to see state socialism as ‘getting in the way’ of Jugolinija's business, in actuality the firm was remarkably successful both at operating within the Yugoslav socialist state framework, and capitalizing on the opportunities provided by access to the global market. Jugolinija's employees, in turn, profited from the mobility that came with working for the firm, sometimes at the expense of the enterprise and the state.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review of the Ethnotraditional Uses and Biological and Pharmacological Potential of the Genus Mimosa

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7463
Author(s):  
Ismat Majeed ◽  
Komal Rizwan ◽  
Ambreen Ashar ◽  
Tahir Rasheed ◽  
Ryszard Amarowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Pharmacological Potential

The Mimosa genus belongs to the Fabaceae family of legumes and consists of about 400 species distributed all over the world. The growth forms of plants belonging to the Mimosa genus range from herbs to trees. Several species of this genus play important roles in folk medicine. In this review, we aimed to present the current knowledge of the ethnogeographical distribution, ethnotraditional uses, nutritional values, pharmaceutical potential, and toxicity of the genus Mimosa to facilitate the exploitation of its therapeutic potential for the treatment of human ailments. The present paper consists of a systematic overview of the scientific literature relating to the genus Mimosa published between 1931 and 2020, which was achieved by consulting various databases (Science Direct, Francis and Taylor, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science, SciFinder, Wiley, Springer, Google, The Plant Database). More than 160 research articles were included in this review regarding the Mimosa genus. Mimosa species are nutritionally very important and several species are used as feed for different varieties of chickens. Studies regarding their biological potential have shown that species of the Mimosa genus have promising pharmacological properties, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, wound-healing, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antinociceptive, antiepileptic, neuropharmacological, toxicological, antiallergic, antihyperurisemic, larvicidal, antiparasitic, molluscicidal, antimutagenic, genotoxic, teratogenic, antispasmolytic, antiviral, and antivenom activities. The findings regarding the genus Mimosa suggest that this genus could be the future of the medicinal industry for the treatment of various diseases, although in the future more research should be carried out to explore its ethnopharmacological, toxicological, and nutritional attributes.

scholarly journals Genomic insights advance the fight against black rot of crucifers

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
Zoë E. Dubrow ◽  
Adam J. Bogdanove
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Inoculum Sources ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The World

AbstractXanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, the causal agent of black rot of crucifers, was one of the first bacterial plant pathogens ever identified. Over 130 years later, black rot remains a threat to cabbage, cauliflower, and other Brassica crops around the world. Recent genomic and genetic data are informing our understanding of X. campestris taxonomy, dissemination, inoculum sources, and virulence factors. This new knowledge promises to positively impact resistance breeding of Brassica varieties and management of inoculum sources.

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