scholarly journals A Novel Approach of Bioesters Synthesis through Different Technologies by Highlighting the Lowest Energetic Consumption One

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4190
Author(s):  
Simona Popa ◽  
Andra Tamas ◽  
Vasile Simulescu ◽  
Dorin Jurcau ◽  
Sorina Boran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Bubble Column ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Bubble Column Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Microwave Reactors

Fatty acids esters have a wide application as bioplasticizers and biolubricants in different industries, obtained mainly in classic batch reactors, through an equilibrium complex reaction, that involves high temperatures, long reaction times, vigorously stirring, and much energy consumption. To overcome these shortcomings, we synthesized a series of fatty acid esters (soybean oil fatty acids being the acid components with various hydroxyl compounds) through novel low energy consumption technologies using a bubble column reactor, a microwave field reactor and for comparison meaning, a classic batch reactor. The obtained bioesters physicochemical properties were similar to one another, a good concordance among their rheological properties was obtained, but the energetic consumption is lower when using the bubble column or the microwave reactors instead of the classical batch reactor.

Performances of a granular sequencing batch reactor (GSBR)

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Torregrossa ◽  
G. Di Bella ◽  
G. Viviani ◽  
A. Gnoffo
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Bubble Column ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactors ◽  
Aerobic Granulation ◽  
Reactor Configuration ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Hydrodynamic Shear ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Aerobic granulation in sequencing batch reactors is widely reported in literature and in particular in SBAR (Sequencing batch airlift reactor) configuration, due to the high localised hydrodynamic shear forces that occur in this type of configuration. The aim of this work was to observe the phenomenon of the aerobic granulation and to confirm the excellent removal efficiencies that can be achieved with this technology. In order to do that, a laboratory-scale plant, inoculated with activated sludge collected from a conventional WWTP, was operated for 64 days: 42 days as a SBAR and 22 days as a SBBC (sequencing batch bubble column). The performances of the pilot plant showed excellent organics removal. COD and BOD removal efficiencies were respectively, 93 and 94%; on the contrary, N-removal efficiency was extremely low (5%–45%). The granules dimensions increased during the whole experimentation; change of reactor configuration contributed to further improve this aspect. The experimental work confirmed the essential role of hydraulic settling time in the formation of aerobic granules and in the sludge settleability and the need to find an optimum between granule size and oxygen supply to achieve good N-removal efficiency.

scholarly journals Degradation of 2,4-dinitrophenol by Aspergillus niger AN 400 in batch reactors with immobilized biomass

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (18) ◽  
pp. 623-634
Author(s):  
Renata Barros Silveira Brasil ◽  
Bárbara Chaves Aguiar Barbosa ◽  
Kelly Rodrigues ◽  
Glória Marinho
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Order Model ◽  
Nitrogen Fractions ◽  
First Order ◽  
Immobilized Biomass ◽  
Two Stages

Aspergillus niger AN 400 was tested in the treatment of a synthetic water containing 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) by operating batch reactors with immobilized biomass. The treatment was carried out in two stages: 1) accomplished growth of fungal inoculum Aspergillus niger AN 400, and 2) the biomass was immobilized on a support at a concentration of 2 x 106 mL-1 of spores. The reaction times (RT) were 168, 48, 24 and, 8 h. The variables analyzed were COD, pH and nitrogen fractions. Decay temporal (RT168 h) of 2,4-DNP and COD adjusted to the first-order model. The higher removal efficiency 2,4 DNP was 96% and COD was 83%. There was a decrease of sequencing batch reactor SBR efficiency when RT were 8 h. The use of Aspergillus niger AN 400 may be an alternative treatment of wastewater containing nitrophenolic compounds.

Performance of a Bubble Column Reactor for the Non-Catalytic Methyl Esterification of Free Fatty Acids at Atmospheric Pressure

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 780-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Nabetani ◽  
Shoji Hagiwara ◽  
Yasuyuki Sagara ◽  
Tatang H. Soerawidjaya ◽  
Armansyah H. Tambunan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Bubble Column ◽  
Bubble Column Reactor ◽  
Column Reactor ◽  
Methyl Esterification

Subcritical wet oxidation of municipal sewage sludge: comparison of batch and continuous experiments

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lendormi ◽  
C. Prevot ◽  
F. Doppenberg ◽  
J.N. Foussard ◽  
H. Debellefontaine
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Bubble Column ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Continuous Reactor ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Bubble Column Reactor ◽  
Wet Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Reactor

Wet oxidation in subcritical conditions is a new alternative to usual routes for sewage sludge treatment and it complies with environmental standards. The paper presents tests carried out on a batch reactor and on a continuous pilot unit, treating municipal sewage sludge. A method is proposed that shows that the oxidation efficiency in a continuous reactor can only be easily predicted from the residence time distribution and batch tests results. Nevertheless, a partial settling of the solid residue in the continuous bubble column reactor is evident, and it increases the solid residence time and then decreases its organic content with respect to a similar batch test. In addition, these results highlight the considerable influence of temperature in the oxidation reactor and of the type of sewage sludge which is treated. At temperatures around 240deg;C, foaming can seriously impair the operation of the continuous reactor, because of the presence of non-degraded fatty compounds and surfactants. Moreover, the COD reduction is limited to 70%. On the contrary, at 300deg;C, COD removal efficiency greater than 80% is achieved without any catalyst additive and, in addition, only highly biodegradable compounds remain in the oxidised liquor.

A simulation apparatus for the experimental study of batch reactor control methods

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1259-1267
Author(s):  
Josef Horák ◽  
Petr Beránek
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Exothermic Reaction ◽  
Electric Heating ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Exchange Area ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Methods Of Control

A simulation apparatus for the experimental study of the methods of control of batch reactors is devised. In this apparatus, the production of heat by an exothermic reaction is replaced by electric heating controlled by a computer in a closed loop; the reactor is cooled with an external cooler whose dynamic properties can be varied while keeping the heat exchange area constant. The effect of the cooler geometry on its dynamic properties is investigated and the effect of the cooler inertia on the stability and safety of the on-off temperature control in the unstable pseudostationary state is examined.

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