scholarly journals A Sustainable Approach on Spruce Bark Waste Valorization through Hydrothermal Conversion

Processes ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Iuliana Bejenari ◽  
Gabriela Hristea ◽  
Constantin Cărăușu ◽  
Alice Mija ◽  
Irina Volf

In the context of sustainable use of resources, hydrothermal conversion of biomass has received increased consideration. As well, the hydrochar (the solid C-rich phase that occurs after the process) has caused great interest. In this work, spruce bark (Picea abies) wastes were considered as feedstock and the influence of hydrothermal process parameters (temperature, reaction time, and biomass to water ratio) on the conversion degree has been studied. Using the response surface methodology and MiniTab software, the process parameters were set up and showed that temperature was the significant factor influencing the conversion, while residence time and the solid-to-liquid ratio had a low influence. Furthermore, the chemical (proximate and ultimate analysis), structural (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy) and thermal properties (thermogravimetric analysis) of feedstock and hydrochar were analyzed. Hydrochar obtained at 280 °C, 1 h processing time, and 1/5 solid-to-liquid ratio presented a hydrophobic character, numerous functional groups, a lower O and H content, and an improved C matter, as well as a good thermal stability. Alongside the structural features, these characteristics endorsed this waste-based product for applications other than those already known as a heat source.

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 970-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hem Raj Pant ◽  
Bishweshwar Pant ◽  
Chan Hee Park ◽  
Han Joo Kim ◽  
Dong Su Lee ◽  
...  

Perspektif ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Suci Wulandari ◽  
Sumanto Sumanto ◽  
Saefudin Saefudin

<p>Biomassa tanaman perkebunan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pangan, pakan, dan bioenergi. Hasil penelitian dan perkembangan teknologi telah mendorong pemanfaatan biomassa bagian-bagian tanaman tersebut. Tanaman perkebunan memiliki potensi besar untuk menghasilkan biomassa yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam pengembangan energi terbarukan. Pemetaan potensi biomassa telah banyak dilakukan pada tanaman perkebunan, seperti pada: tebu, kakao, kelapa sawit, kemiri sunan, jarak pagar, kopi, kelapa dalam, karet dan teh. Pengembangan sistem produksi pangan dan biomassa untuk pembangkit energi melalui sistem multi tanam berbasis komoditas perkebunan telah dikembangkan.  Di Kabupaten Aceh Timur telah dilakukan pengembangan sistem agroindustri juga memanfaatkan semua produk samping, mendorong daur ulang dan pemanfaatan residu. Pemanfaatan potensi bioenergi masih dihadapkan pada berbagai kendala distribusi, kontinuitas pasokan bahan dan aspek ekonomi. Menyikapi hal tersebut langkah strategis dapat dilakukan melalui: analisis neraca karbon, alokasi lahan, pemanfaatan lahan, pemanfaatan sumber daya secara berkelanjutan, dukungan teknologi, fokus pada nilai tambah yang tinggi dan perbaikan tata kelola. Selanjutnya perbaikan pada pengembangan sistem pangan energi terpadu dapat ditempuh melalui: (1) sosialisasi dari inovasi teknologi, (2) membentuk kawasan-kawasan pertanian terpadu di daerah sentra pengembangan dan (3) memperkuat kelembagaan petani untuk mengembangkan agroindustri.</p><p> </p><p><strong> </strong><strong> </strong>ABSTRACT</p><p align="center">Biomass from estate crops can be used for food, feed, and bioenergy. The results of research and technological developments have encouraged the utilization of biomass of these plant parts. Plantation crops have great potential to produce biomass that can be utilized in the development of renewable energy. Mapping of biomass potential has been carried out in plantation crops, such as: sugar cane, cocoa, oil palm, candlenut, jatropha, coffee, deep coconut, rubber, and tea. The development of food and biomass production systems for energy generation through a commodity-based multi-cropping system has been developed. In East Aceh District an agro-industrial system development has also been carried out utilizing all byproducts, encouraging recycling and utilizing residues. The utilization of bioenergy is still faced with various distribution constraints, continuity of material supply and economic aspects. In response to this, strategic steps can be taken through carbon balance analysis, land allocation, land use, sustainable use of resources, technology support, focus on high added value and improved governance. Furthermore, improvements to the development of integrated energy food systems can be pursued through (1) socialization of technological innovations, (2) establishing integrated agricultural areas in plant centers and (3) strengthening farmer institutions to develop agro-industries.</p><p> </p>


Author(s):  
Shikha Yadav

<div><p><em>This paper studies one of the healthcare industry of India “Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited” which is ranked at 352 amongst the world’s largest 500 companies on corporate sustainability and environmental impact according to Newsweek in 2016. Sun Pharmaceutical Industries limited is the only company in the healthcare sector in India which has been listed as one of the Green companies in India. This paper mainly focuses on understanding and analysing the Green initiatives as a part of Corporate social responsibility (CSR) taken by the company which makes it the green company in India in Healthcare sector. </em></p></div><em>The green scores of the company has also increased by 4% compared to the previous year (2015), which shows that the company is always striving to incorporate strategic Green HRM. Strategic Green HRM is one of the growing innovative approaches which promotes the sustainable use of resources of the business organisation and thus integrates environmental management into HRM.</em>


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwabena A. Owusu ◽  
Micaela M. Kulesz ◽  
Agostino Merico

The sustainable use of common pool resources (CPRs) such as fisheries constitutes a major challenge for society. A large body of empirical studies conducted in discrete time indicates that resource users are able to prevent the ‘tragedy of the commons' under institutional arrangements that can promote cooperation. However, the variability exhibited by the human behaviour and the dynamic nature of renewable resources require continuous time experiments to fully explain the mechanisms underpinning the sustainable use of resources. We conducted CPR experiments in continuous time to investigate how the extraction behaviour of resource users changes in real-time in response to changes in resource availability under communication and no communication. We find that when communication is allowed, users adjust their extraction efforts based on knowledge of previous resource availability. In contrast, when communication is not allowed, users do not incorporate resource availability into their utility function. These results suggest that communication does not merely provide a forum for coordination but mediates a causal relationship between resource levels and extraction behaviour. Our findings may help the development of effective resource management policies.


Author(s):  
Kai Li ◽  
Yihui Zhao ◽  
Maiqi Liu ◽  
Xiaoying Wang ◽  
Fangyuan Zhang ◽  
...  

Abstract Micro/nano scale structure as important functional part have been widely used in wearable flexible sensors, gas sensors, biological tissue engineering, microfluidic chips super capacitors and so on. Here a multi-scale electrohydrodynamic jet (E-Jet) 3D printing approach regulated by structured multi-physics fields was demonstrated to generate 800 nm scale 2D geometries and high aspect ratio 3D structures. The simulation model of jetting process under resultant effect of top fluid field, middle electric field and bottom thermal field was established. And the physical mechanism and scale law of jet formation were studied. The effects of thermal field temperature, applied voltage and flow rate on the jet behaviors were studied; and the range of process parameters of stable jet was obtained. The regulation of printing parameters was used to manufacture the high resolution gradient graphics and the high aspect ratio structure with tight interlayer bonding. The structural features could be flexibly adjusted by reasonably matching the process parameters. Finally, PCL/PVP composite scaffolds with cell-scale fiber and ordered fiber spacing were printed. The proposed E-Jet printing method provides an alternative approach for the application of biopolymer materials in tissue engineering.


2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Simoniello ◽  
Philippe Tissot ◽  
David McKee ◽  
John Adams ◽  
Robyn Ball ◽  
...  

AbstractJust as humans succumb to hypothermia, fishes can die if their core body temperature falls below their lower lethal limit. Record-setting cold weather in the southern United States between January 8 and 12, 2010, put numerous recreational game fish species at risk, particularly those living in the shallow, rapidly cooled waters of the Laguna Madre, Texas. Cognizant of the danger of barge traffic in the Land Cut, a section of the Intracoastal Waterway in the Laguna Madre, poses to cold-stressed fishes, Gulf Intracoastal Canal Association (GICA) members voluntarily sacrificed $7,000 per tow to protect the resource. Described here is the collaboration among academics at Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Texas A&M University, industry leaders from the Gulf Intracoastal Canal Association, and conservationists from the Coastal Conservation Association Texas, which led to the pooling of financial and human resources to mitigate game fish mortalities during a recent extreme cold weather event, or norther, as Texans refer to it. A new water temperature forecasting tool, in development and tested in this partnership, is discussed in terms of ecosystem-based management, of which a key component is engaging multiple stakeholders in a collaborative process to define problems and find solutions. The partnership exemplifies the mission of the developing U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System and Gulf of Mexico Coastal Ocean Observing System Regional Association to use data and tools to provide information, to deliver that information to decision makers in a timely manner, and to make and implement decisions that promote sustainable use of resources.


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