scholarly journals Experimental Study on the Crushing Properties of Corn Stalks in Square Bales

Processes ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Bin Feng ◽  
Xiuzhen Yu ◽  
Chao Zhao ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Inclination Angle ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Hammer Mill ◽  
Blade Angle ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Crushing Force

With the development of straw baling mechanization technology, straw is stored in the form of square baling or round baling. At present, hammer mill or the guilt-cutting and rubbing combined mill is widely used to crush square bales of straw. These two kinds of crushing equipment have disadvantages such as low productivity, large power consumption, and poor crushing effect. This paper aims to study and analyze the crushing characteristics of square baled straw after unbaling, and lay a theoretical foundation for the later research and development of a special square baled straw crusher with high productivity, low power consumption, good crushing effect, and the simulation of the square baled corn straw crushing process. For this purpose, this study carried out a corn bale crushing experiment on the Instron 8801 fatigue test machine, and studied the effects of blade angle, water content and loading speed on corn bale crushing force through the response surface method. Test results showed that the crushing process includes the compression stage and shearing stage; in terms of single factor effect, with the increase in water content and blade angle, the crushing force of the corn bale increased, but the loading speed had no significant effect on the crushing force of the corn bale. In terms of interaction effect, there was interaction effect between moisture content and blade inclination angle, when moisture content was 10%, with the increase in blade inclination angle, the incremental speed of the crushing force also increased gradually. When the blade inclination angle was 10°, with the increase in moisture content, the incremental speed of the crushing force also increased, and the interaction effect of them jointly acted on the crushing force of the corn bales.

PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON THE HAMMER MILL 锤片式粉碎机参数优化与试验研究

2020 ◽  
pp. 341-350
Author(s):  
Di Wang ◽  
Changbin He ◽  
Haiqing Tian ◽  
Liu Fei ◽  
Zhang Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Spindle Speed ◽  
Hammer Mill ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Evaluation Indexes ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Validation Experiment ◽  
Corn Grain

Low productivity and high electricity consumption are considered problems of the hammer mill, which is widely used in current feed production. In this paper, the mechanical properties of corn grain ground by a hammer mill were analysed, and the key factors affecting the performance of the hammer mill were determined. The single-factor experiment and three-factor, three-level quadratic regression orthogonal experiment were carried out with the spindle speed, corn grain moisture content and number of hammers as experimental factors and the productivity and electricity consumption per ton as evaluation indexes. The results showed that the order of influence on the productivity was spindle speed > corn grain moisture content > number of hammers and that the order of influence on the electricity consumption per ton was corn grain moisture content > spindle speed > number of hammers. The parameters were optimized based on the response surface method with the following results: the spindle speed was 4306 r/min, the corn grain moisture content was 10%, and the number of hammers was 24. The validation experiment was carried out with the optimal parameters’ combination. The productivity and electricity consumption per ton were 988.12 kg/h and 5.37 kW·h/t, respectively, which were consistent with the predicted results of the model.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK DAN SKRINING FITOKIMIA EKSTRAK ETANOL 70% BATANG KEPUH (Sterculia foetida L.)

Jurnal Kimia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
N. P. S. E. Cahyani ◽  
J. Susiarni ◽  
K. C.S. Dewi ◽  
N. L.P. Melyandari ◽  
K. W.A. Putra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Residual Solvent ◽  
Solvent Content ◽  
Residual Content ◽  
Ethanol Level ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Kepuh (Sterculia foetida L) is a type of kapok plant that has been scientifically proven to have activity as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic. 70% ethanol extract of stem stem is obtained by maceration using 70% ethanol. Examination of the characteristics of 70% ethanol extract of kepuh stem included organoleptic, of moisture content and determination of residual solvent content. Phytochemical screening of 70% ethanol extract of kepuh bark includes: alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tannin , polyphenol, and examination of glycosides. The results of the examination of the characteristics of 70% ethanol extract of kepuh stem obtained water content of 8.66 ± 0.748%, the residual content of the solvent had a 0 (zero) ethanol level. The results of phytochemical screening showed 70% ethanol extract of stem stem containing steroid compounds, triterpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and polyphenols. The identification using UV-Vis spectrophotometry produced ? 212, the absorbance was 1.8601 and ? 284, the absorbance was 0.42186.

Characterization of Shear Strength and Interface Friction of Organic Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 857 ◽  
pp. 203-211
Author(s):  
Majid Hamed ◽  
Waleed S. Sidik ◽  
Hanifi Canakci ◽  
Fatih Celik ◽  
Romel N. Georgees
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Internal Friction ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Structural Materials ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Internal Friction Angle ◽  
Interface Friction

This study was undertaken to investigate some specific problems that limit a safe design and construction of structures on problematic soils. An experimental study was carried out to examine the influence of loading rate and moisture content on shear strength of organic soil. Influece of moisture content on interface friction between organic soil and structural materials was also attempted. A commonly used soil in Iraq was prepared at varying moisture contents of 39%, 57% and 75%. The experimental results showed that the increase in water content will decrease the shear stress and the internal friction angle. An increase of the shearing rate was found to decrease the shear stress and internal friction angle for all percetanges of water contents. Further, direct shear tests were carried out to detect the interface shear stress behavior between organic soil and structural materials. The results revealed that the increase in water content was shown to have significant negetavie effects on the interface internal friction and angle shear strength.

The Clogging Behavior of a Vortex Pump: An Experimental Study on the Influence of Impeller Designs

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Gerlach ◽  
Dorian Perlitz ◽  
Flemming Lykholt-Ustrup ◽  
Christian Brix Jacobsen ◽  
Paul Uwe Thamsen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Clear Water ◽  
Blade Angle ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Blade Number ◽  
Outlet Angle ◽  
Vortex Pump ◽  
Efficiency Losses ◽  
Angle Blade

This paper analyzes the clogging behavior of a vortex pump with different impeller designs. The influence of blade outlet angle, blade number, and impeller diameter were tested. Non-woven textiles in different concentrations served as the clogging material. The results suggest that a smaller outlet blade angle, a higher blade number, and a larger impeller diameter allow pumping more textiles. Impellers that were capable of pumping more textiles, however, were less efficient. Overall, pumping textiles causes efficiency losses. However, this could not be only related to increased power consumption. Flow rates under clogging operation were close to the flow rates under clear water operation irrespective of the amount of clogging material and the impellers design. Further, in all tests clogging material accumulated at the suction mouth in the casing.

Dispersion studies on Gezira soil

1941 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. N. Jewitt
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Degree Of Dispersion ◽  
Heavy Clay

1. The degree of dispersion on shaking of the heavy clay Gezira soil has been studied in relation to its initial moisture content when it is added to the water. A minimum dispersibility was found at about 7% initial moisture content. Such behaviour is different from that found with certain English soils by Puri & Keen.2. Spontaneous dispersion was studied using the same soil, and by this method it was found that the dispersion decreases with increasing moisture content over a range of zero to 9% moisture.3. This relation between dispersion and water content is discussed in relation to possible effects in the field of practice. Attention is drawn to possible seasonal and daily differences in the effect of rainfall.

Effect of Microwave Treatment on the Profile of Volatile Compounds and Characteristics of White Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Essential Oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
Atma Elfahdi - Elfahdi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Hammer Mill ◽  
White Pepper ◽  
Cell Tissue

Microwave treatment on white pepper was conducted to damage cell tissue to facilitate the distillation and increase the yield of essential oils. The research objective was to determine the effect of pepper varieties and microwave treatment on the profiles of volatile compounds and the characteristics of white pepper essential oils. The research was conducted with 50 grams of white pepper placed into a 15 cm diameter petri dish and put in a microwave oven at the power of 600 watts for 90 seconds then white pepper milled by hammer mill. Essential oils were obtained using the water distillation method then were tested for their characteristics and compounds using Gas chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). White pepper was analyzed using the water content, piperine content, and its cell tissue microstructure was analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results showed that different pepper as accession produced different profiles of volatile compounds, characteristics, and antioxidant activity (p<0.05). The number of volatile compounds of white pepper essential oils identified by GC-MS was 42, where the largest compound was β-caryophyllene (50.51%). Microwave treatment damaged the cell wall of white pepper, lowered water content (17.43%), increased piperine content (10.57%) and essential oil yield (25%), and changed the profiles of volatile compounds of essential oils of Lampung daun lebar accession. Color became bluer (b*value rises by 201.99%), increased specific gravity (1.27%) and antioxidant activity (7.4%), decreased solubility in 95% ethanol (17.95%) and acid number (20.8%) while the refractive index was not affected by pepper accessions and microwave treatment.

scholarly journals A Novel Architecture of Radix-3 Singlepath Delay Feedback (R3SDF) FFT Using MCSLA

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Periyarselvam K ◽  
Saravanakumar G ◽  
Anand M
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Path Delay ◽  
Hardware Complexity ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Fft Processor ◽  
Novel Design ◽  
Multiplexing Systems ◽  
Single Path

Fast Fourier transform (FFT) is widely used in digital signal processing and telecommunications, particularly in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems, to overcome the problems associated with orthogonal subcarriers. A new algorithm of radix-3 FFT has been introduced in this work. The DFT of length N can be realized from three DFT sequences; each of length N/3.Radix-3 algorithm reduces the number of multiplications required for realizing DFT.A novel design of Radix-3pipelined Single path Delay Feedback (R3SDF) FFT using MCSLA has been proposed in this paper. First, the pipelined radix-3 SDF FFT method has been designed. It has less area and large power consumption and delay. In order to overcome these problems, modified carry select adder structure is used to perform the adder operation for reducing the power consumption and delay. Finally, the MCSLA is integrated into radix-3 SDF FFT processor. The hardware complexity and execution time for implementing radix-3 FFT algorithm can be reduced than other FFTs.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK SIFAT-SIFAT KIMIA DAN ORGANOLEPTIK KUE KERING BERBAHAN DASAR PATI SAGU, UBI KAYU, UBI JALAR DAN KELADI

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Febby J Polnaya ◽  
Rachel Breemer
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Sensory Analysis ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Brownish Yellow ◽  
Color Texture

The purpose of this research was to characterize chemical and sensory properties (color, texture, taste and liking) of starch-based sago, cassava, sweet potato and cocoyam cookies. Analysis of cookies include moisture content, ash, fat, protein, crude fiber and sensory analysis including color, texture, taste and likeness). The proximate composition indicated that the water content of cookies varied between 1.48 to 2.05%, ash content of 0.65 to 0.72%, 19.23 to 21.76% of fat, crude fiber from 0.41 to 0.71% and 1.33 to 2.42% of total protein. Based on organoleptic tests, the color of cookies was yellow to brownish-yellow, with crispy texture, the taste was sweet and were mostly preferred.

scholarly journals Numerical investigation of wetting front migration and soil water distribution under vertical line source irrigation with different influencing factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanwei Fan ◽  
Liangjun Ma ◽  
Hujun Wei ◽  
Pengcheng Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Line Source ◽  
Vertical Line ◽  
Initial Water Content ◽  
Wetting Front ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Soil Wetting

Abstract Vertical line source irrigation (VLSI) is an underground irrigation method suitable for deep-rooted plants. Understanding the characteristics of the soil wetting body of the VLSI was the key to designing this irrigation system. On the basis of experimental verification of the reliability of the HYDRUS simulation results of VLSI under the conditions of soil texture (ST), initial water content (θi), line source buried depth (B), line source diameter (D) and line source length (L), numerical studies of the migration law of the wetting front of VLSI and the distribution characteristics of soil moisture were performed. The wetting front migration (WFM) was mainly influenced by ST, θi, D and L (P &lt; 0.05), while B had little effect on WFM (P &gt; 0.05). The shape of the soil wetting body changed little under different influencing factors. The water content contour was approximately ‘ellipsoidal’ around the line source. The soil moisture near the line source was close to the saturated moisture content. The moisture content around the line source gradually decreased outward, and the contour lines gradually became dense. According to the simulation results, a prediction model of multiple factors influencing the migration process of the VLSI wetting front was established. The predicted value was in good agreement with the measured value. The results of this research could provide a theoretical basis for further optimizing the combination of VLSI and irrigation elements.

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