scholarly journals Deriving Individual-Tree Biomass from Effective Crown Data Generated by Terrestrial Laser Scanning

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 2793
Author(s):  
Yujie Zheng ◽  
Weiwei Jia ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Xu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Crown Height ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Biomass Equations

Biomass reflects the state of forest management and is critical for assessing forest benefits and carbon storage. The effective crown is the region above the lower limit of the forest crown that includes the maximum vertical distribution density of branches and leaves; this component plays an important role in tree growth. Adding the effective crown to biomass equations can enhance the accuracy of the derived biomass. Six sample plots in a larch plantation (ranging in area from 0.06 ha to 0.12 ha and in number of trees from 63 to 96) at the Mengjiagang forest farm in Huanan County, Jiamusi City, Heilongjiang Province, China, were analyzed in this study. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) was used to obtain three-dimensional point cloud data on the trees, from which crown parameters at different heights were extracted. These parameters were used to determine the position of the effective crown. Moreover, effective crown parameters were added to biomass equations with tree height as the sole variable to improve the accuracy of the derived individual-tree biomass estimates. The results showed that the minimum crown contact height was very similar to the effective crown height, and an increase in model accuracy was apparent (with R a 2 increasing from 0.846 to 0.910 and root-mean-square error (RMSE) decreasing from 0.372 kg to 0.286 kg). The optimal model for deriving biomass included tree height, crown length from minimum contact height, crown height from minimum contact height, and crown surface area from minimum contact height. The novelty of the article is that it improves the fit of individual-tree biomass models by adding crown-related variables and investigates how the accuracy of biomass estimation can be enhanced by using remote sensing methods without obtaining diameter at breast height.

Individual tree biomass estimation using terrestrial laser scanning

2013 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 64-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ville Kankare ◽  
Markus Holopainen ◽  
Mikko Vastaranta ◽  
Eetu Puttonen ◽  
Xiaowei Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Individual Tree

ESTIMATING SINGLE TREE STEM AND BRANCH BIOMASS USING TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (26) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurliyana Izzati Ishak ◽  
Md Afif Abu Bakar ◽  
Muhammad Zulkarnain Abdul Rahman ◽  
Abd Wahid Rasib ◽  
Kasturi Devi Kanniah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Matching Process ◽  
Branch Biomass ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Tree Stem

This paper presents a novel non-destructive approach for individual tree stem and branch biomass estimation using terrestrial laser scanning data. The study area is located at the Royal Belum Reserved Forest area, Gerik, Perak. Each forest plot was designed with a circular shape and contains several scanning locations to ensure good visibility of each tree. Unique tree signage was located on trees with diameter at breast height (DBH) of 10cm and above.  Extractions of individual trees were done manually and the matching process with the field collected tree properties were relied on the tree signage and tree location as collected by total station. Individual tree stems were reconstructed based on cylinder models from which the total stem volume was calculated. Biomass of individual tree stems was calculated by multiplying stem volume with specific wood density. Biomass of individual was estimated using similar concept of tree stem with the volume estimated from alpha-hull shape. The root mean squared errors (RMSE) of estimated biomass are 50.22kg and 27.20kg for stem and branch respectively. 

Research on the Point Cloud Data Processing Method of 3D Terrestrial Laser Scanning in Existing Railway Track

2015 ◽  
Vol 744-746 ◽  
pp. 1298-1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Han ◽  
Xiao Feng Duan
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
Data Processing Method ◽  
Static Detection

Characterized with efficient, accurate and non-contact measurement, and the fast and three-dimensional visualization features, using 3D terrestrial laser scanning technology in track static detection has attracted widespread attention. Based on the structural characteristics of the railway line, use Geomagic software and Cyclone software in the pre-processing stage, remove the noise and redundancy, package the data after registration, get the initial line model finally. In the data extraction stage, combined with professional needs, respectively research the data extraction of track pitch and direction, and the bed section, from line, plane, and body. Which have provided a good research idea for using 3D terrestrial laser scanning technology in track static detection, acceptance, and some other aspects.

scholarly journals Generating a three-dimensional measuring scene for the forest sector as based on modern geodetic technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 875 (1) ◽  
pp. 012083
Author(s):  
N Begliarov ◽  
E Mitrofanov ◽  
V Kiseleva
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Cloud Of Points

Abstract Modern geodetic technologies of gathering three-dimensional spatial data incorporate terrestrial laser scanning and aerial photo survey from unmanned aerial vehicles. The combination of these technologies and joint result of survey provide the data of 3D point model and accurate information on trunks and crowns of individual trees. The paper examines the experiment with the application of method of formation of 3D measuring scene in the form of dense cloud of points combining the results of terrestrial laser scanning and materials of photogrammetric processing of UAV-provided data. The method eliminates basic shortcomings of each technology, enhances their advantages, and opens the way to the compilation of more representative 3D measuring scenes. A specific advantage of the method is the outcropping of detailed information on the form, size and condition of individual tree crowns. This option finds a practical application in landscape evaluation and design, remote measuring of trunk parameters excluding the felling of model trees for the compilation of regional timber account tables. The closest perspectives of method development are related to increasing the accuracy of combined survey by specifying flight missions and working with the light regime under forest canopy.

The Advantages of Using Laser Scanners in Surveying in Protected Sites

2015 ◽  
pp. 382-402
Author(s):  
Gülhan Benli
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Point Cloud Data ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Laser Scanners ◽  
Point Data

Since the 2000s, terrestrial laser scanning, as one of the methods used to document historical edifices in protected areas, has taken on greater importance because it mitigates the difficulties associated with working on large areas and saves time while also making it possible to better understand all the particularities of the area. Through this technology, comprehensive point data (point clouds) about the surface of an object can be generated in a highly accurate three-dimensional manner. Furthermore, with the proper software this three-dimensional point cloud data can be transformed into three-dimensional rendering/mapping/modeling and quantitative orthophotographs. In this chapter, the study will present the results of terrestrial laser scanning and surveying which was used to obtain three-dimensional point clouds through three-dimensional survey measurements and scans of silhouettes of streets in Fatih in Historic Peninsula in Istanbul, which were then transposed into survey images and drawings. The study will also cite examples of the facade mapping using terrestrial laser scanning data in Istanbul Historic Peninsula Project.

scholarly journals Exploring the Variability of Tropical Savanna Tree Structural Allometry with Terrestrial Laser Scanning

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 3893
Author(s):  
Linda Luck ◽  
Lindsay B. Hutley ◽  
Kim Calders ◽  
Shaun R. Levick
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Tree Architecture ◽  
Allometric Equations ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Monitoring Programs

Individual tree carbon stock estimates typically rely on allometric scaling relationships established between field-measured stem diameter (DBH) and destructively harvested biomass. The use of DBH-based allometric equations to estimate the carbon stored over larger areas therefore, assumes that tree architecture, including branching and crown structures, are consistent for a given DBH, and that minor variations cancel out at the plot scale. We aimed to explore the degree of structural variation present at the individual tree level across a range of size-classes. We used terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) to measure the 3D structure of each tree in a 1 ha savanna plot, with coincident field-inventory. We found that stem reconstructions from TLS captured both the spatial distribution pattern and the DBH of individual trees with high confidence when compared with manual measurements (R2 = 0.98, RMSE = 0.0102 m). Our exploration of the relationship between DBH, crown size and tree height revealed significant variability in savanna tree crown structure (measured as crown area). These findings question the reliability of DBH-based allometric equations for adequately representing diversity in tree architecture, and therefore carbon storage, in tropical savannas. However, adoption of TLS outside environmental research has been slow due to considerable capital cost and monitoring programs often continue to rely on sub-plot monitoring and traditional allometric equations. A central aspect of our study explores the utility of a lower-cost TLS system not generally used for vegetation surveys. We discuss the potential benefits of alternative TLS-based approaches, such as explicit modelling of tree structure or voxel-based analyses, to capture the diverse 3D structures of savanna trees. Our research highlights structural heterogeneity as a source of uncertainty in savanna tree carbon estimates and demonstrates the potential for greater inclusion of cost-effective TLS technology in national monitoring programs.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF WIND ON TREE STEM PARAMETER ESTIMATION USING TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING

2016 ◽  
Vol III-8 ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Vaaja ◽  
J.-P. Virtanen ◽  
M. Kurkela ◽  
V. Lehtola ◽  
J. Hyyppä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Finnish Meteorological Institute ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Forest Inventories ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Tree Stem

The 3D measurement technique of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) in forest inventories has shown great potential for improving the accuracy and efficiency of both individual tree and plot level data collection. However, the effect of wind has been poorly estimated in the error analysis of TLS tree measurements although it causes varying deformations to the trees. In this paper, we evaluated the effect of wind on tree stem parameter estimation at different heights using TLS. The data consists of one measured Scots pine captured from three different scanning directions with two different scanning resolutions, 6.3 mm and 3.1 mm at 10 m. The measurements were conducted under two different wind speeds, approximately 3 m/s and 9 m/s, as recorded by a nearby weather station of the Finnish Meteorological Institute. Our results show that the wind may cause both the underestimation and overestimation of tree diameter when using TLS. The duration of the scanning is found to have an impact for the measured shape of the tree stem under 9 m/s wind conditions. The results also indicate that a 9 m/s wind does not have a significant effect on the stem parameters of the lower part of a tree (<28% of the tree height). However, as the results imply, the wind conditions should be taken into account more comprehensively in analysis of TLS tree measurements, especially if multiple scans from different positions are registered together. In addition, TLS could potentially be applied to indirectly measure wind speed by observing the tree stem movement.

scholarly journals Estimating Individual Tree Height and Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) from Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) Data at Plot Level

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangjie Liu ◽  
Jinliang Wang ◽  
Pinliang Dong ◽  
Yun Chen ◽  
Zhiyuan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height

scholarly journals Estimation of Pinus massoniana Leaf Area USING Terrestrial Laser Scanning

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangbo Deng ◽  
Kunyong Yu ◽  
Xiong Yao ◽  
Qiaoya Xie ◽  
Yita Hsieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Point Cloud Data ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Non Destructive

The accurate estimation of leaf area is of great importance for the acquisition of information on the forest canopy structure. Currently, direct harvesting is used to obtain leaf area; however, it is difficult to quickly and effectively extract the leaf area of a forest. Although remote sensing technology can obtain leaf area by using a wide range of leaf area estimates, such technology cannot accurately estimate leaf area at small spatial scales. The purpose of this study is to examine the use of terrestrial laser scanning data to achieve a fast, accurate, and non-destructive estimation of individual tree leaf area. We use terrestrial laser scanning data to obtain 3D point cloud data for individual tree canopies of Pinus massoniana. Using voxel conversion, we develop a model for the number of voxels and canopy leaf area and then apply it to the 3D data. The results show significant positive correlations between reference leaf area and mass (R2 = 0.8603; p < 0.01). Our findings demonstrate that using terrestrial laser point cloud data with a layer thickness of 0.1 m and voxel size of 0.05 m can effectively improve leaf area estimations. We verify the suitability of the voxel-based method for estimating the leaf area of P. massoniana and confirmed the effectiveness of this non-destructive method.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF WIND ON TREE STEM PARAMETER ESTIMATION USING TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING

2016 ◽  
Vol III-8 ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Vaaja ◽  
J.-P. Virtanen ◽  
M. Kurkela ◽  
V. Lehtola ◽  
J. Hyyppä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Finnish Meteorological Institute ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Forest Inventories ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Tree Stem

The 3D measurement technique of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) in forest inventories has shown great potential for improving the accuracy and efficiency of both individual tree and plot level data collection. However, the effect of wind has been poorly estimated in the error analysis of TLS tree measurements although it causes varying deformations to the trees. In this paper, we evaluated the effect of wind on tree stem parameter estimation at different heights using TLS. The data consists of one measured Scots pine captured from three different scanning directions with two different scanning resolutions, 6.3 mm and 3.1 mm at 10 m. The measurements were conducted under two different wind speeds, approximately 3 m/s and 9 m/s, as recorded by a nearby weather station of the Finnish Meteorological Institute. Our results show that the wind may cause both the underestimation and overestimation of tree diameter when using TLS. The duration of the scanning is found to have an impact for the measured shape of the tree stem under 9 m/s wind conditions. The results also indicate that a 9 m/s wind does not have a significant effect on the stem parameters of the lower part of a tree (&lt;28% of the tree height). However, as the results imply, the wind conditions should be taken into account more comprehensively in analysis of TLS tree measurements, especially if multiple scans from different positions are registered together. In addition, TLS could potentially be applied to indirectly measure wind speed by observing the tree stem movement.

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