scholarly journals Sensing Archaeology in the North: The Use of Non-Destructive Geophysical and Remote Sensing Methods in Archaeology in Scandinavian and North Atlantic Territories

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 3102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Cuenca-García ◽  
Ole Risbøl ◽  
C. Richard Bates ◽  
Arne Anderson Stamnes ◽  
Fredrik Skoglund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
The North ◽  
Current State ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods ◽  
First Time ◽  
Non Destructive

In August 2018, a group of experts working with terrestrial/marine geophysics and remote sensing methods to explore archaeological sites in Denmark, Finland, Norway, Scotland and Sweden gathered together for the first time at the Workshop ‘Sensing Archaeology in The North’. The goal was to exchange experiences, discuss challenges, and consider future directions for further developing these methods and strategies for their use in archaeology. After the event, this special journal issue was arranged to publish papers that are based on the workshop presentations, but also to incorporate work that is produced by other researchers in the field. This paper closes the special issue and further aims to provide current state-of-the-art for the methods represented by the workshop. Here, we introduce the aspects that inspired the organisation of the meeting, a summary of the 12 presentations and eight paper contributions, as well as a discussion about the main outcomes of the workshop roundtables, including the production of two searchable databases (online resources and equipment). We conclude with the position that the ‘North’, together with its unique cultural heritage and thriving research community, is at the forefront of good practice in the application and development of sensing methods in archaeological research and management. However, further method development is required, so we claim the support of funding bodies to back research efforts based on testing/experimental studies to: explore unknown survey environments and identify optimal survey conditions, as well as to monitor the preservation of archaeological remains, especially those that are at risk. It is demonstrated that remote sensing and geophysics not only have an important role in the safeguarding of archaeological sites from development and within prehistorical-historical research, but the methods can be especially useful in recording and monitoring the increased impact of climate change on sites in the North.

scholarly journals Remote sensing and GPR study of the Raddle glacier of the Ridge Munku-Sardyk (the East Sayan)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-285
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Kitov ◽  
Ivan Denisenko ◽  
Oxana Lunina ◽  
Andrey Gladkov ◽  
Viktor Plyusnin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Open Part ◽  
The North ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Eastern Sayan ◽  
Geometric Changes ◽  
First Time

The Munku-Sardyk (Eastern Sayan) glacier has been described and studied for more than 100 years. The first largest glacier of Peretolchina was studied in the most detailed detail. Radde's second-largest glacier is much weaker. Monitoring of surface characteristics of the Radde glacier by ground methods and using data of remote sensing of the Earth (RSE) has been carried out since 2006. In 2018, georadar profiling of this glacier was performed for the first time. As a result, it was possible not only to clarify its surface characteristics, but also to assess the power of the ice and the internal structure (a layer of firn, ice, bed). According to the RSE, its geometric changes have been revealed. Over 120 years, the open part of the Radde Glacier has shrunk from 0.4 to 0.09 km2, and the length from 1 to 0.4 km. It also revealed the division of the glacier into two parts and the intensive reservation of the bottom of the main part of the tongue by surface moraines and the formation of a glacial lake on the glacier itself in the lower part of the second half. Radar research using the Oko-2 georadar, allowed to determine the volume of ice of this glacier 0.003 km3 and the greatest thickness of the main ice body 42 m. The main glacier flows down from the Eskadriliy top, 3168 m, to the north, flows on the cross-bar and from it turns to the northeast, and at the bottom of the kar will continue to flow north again.

scholarly journals The Problems of Passive Remote Sensing of the Earth’s Surface in the Range of 1.2–1.6 GHz

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 650
Author(s):  
Gennady V. Golubkov ◽  
Mikhail I. Manzhelii ◽  
Alexandr A. Berlin ◽  
Lev V. Eppelbaum ◽  
Alexey A. Lushnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Lower Ionosphere ◽  
Satellite Orbit ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Passive Remote Sensing ◽  
Quantum Properties ◽  
Current State ◽  
Decimeter Range ◽  
Propagation Medium ◽  
First Time

The main problems of remote sensing of the Earth’s surface within the frequency range 1.2–1.6 GHz are discussed. They are related to the resonant quantum properties of the radio wave propagation medium in the lower ionosphere. It is shown that, for the passive remote sensing, the main source is incoherent microwave radiation of the D and E ionospheric layers in the decimeter range. For the first time, a theoretically grounded principally new scheme of measurements is suggested. The scheme assumes that the radiation source exists below the satellite orbit and accounts for the fact that two types of radiation (direct and reflected) reach the satellite sensor. The separation of the respective fluxes is a serious problem that should be solved for the correct interpretation of the measurements. The question is raised regarding the correct calibration of measuring equipment, depending on the current state of the ionosphere.

scholarly journals Current State of Archiving Archaeological Reports in Bulgaria: still more physical than digital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Kecheva
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Good News ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Bulgarian Academy ◽  
Current State ◽  
Archaeological Work ◽  
Online Storage ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Non Destructive

This article provides an overview of the current state of archaeological archiving in Bulgaria. It briefly outlines the legislation that regulates archaeological fieldwork activities. Although the national legislation regulates the non-destructive and destructive activities equally, differences occur owing to the existence of the 'Archaeological Map of Bulgaria', a national 'sites and monuments' type of archaeological information system. Currently, online storage of brief data and information is possible for different archaeological sites. Its next version will be based on GIS and geographic features that allow storage of raw field survey data. According to the regulations, paper/digital reports of all fieldwork activities are collected yearly and copies of all of them are stored at the 'Scientific Archive' section at the National Archaeological Institute with Museum at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Although their digitisation is still in the early stages, the good news is that the centralised archaeological workflow regulates their storage in one place, which makes them more easily accessible. The annual publication of the 'Archaeological Discoveries and Excavations' series, with summaries for all fieldwork activities in the year, is also very useful for keeping track of the archaeological work and results.

scholarly journals Documentation of archaeological sites in northern iraq using remote sensing methods

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-5/W7 ◽  
pp. 331-336
Author(s):  
E. Matoušková ◽  
K. Pavelka ◽  
K. Nováček ◽  
L. Starková
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Urban Network ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
West Bohemia ◽  
Historical Sites ◽  
The University ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods

The MULINEM (The Medieval Urban Landscape in Northeastern Mesopotamia) project is aiming to investigate a Late Sasanian and Islamic urban network in the land of Erbil, historic province of Hidyab (Adiabene) that is located in the northern Iraq. The research of the hierarchical urban network in a defined area belongs to approaches rarely used in the study of the Islamic urbanism. The project focuses on the cluster of urban sites of the 6th–17th centuries A.D. This paper focuses on remote sensing analysis of historical sites with special interest of FORMOSAT-2 data that have been gained through a research announcement: Free FORMOSAT-2 satellite Imagery. Documentation of two archaeological sites (Makhmúr al-Qadima and Kushaf) are introduced. FORMOSAT-2 data results have been compared to historic CORONA satellite data of mentioned historical sites purchased earlier by the University of West Bohemia. Remote sensing methods were completed using in-situ measurements.

scholarly journals The Potential of LiDAR and UAV-Photogrammetric Data Analysis to Interpret Archaeological Sites: A Case Study of Chun Castle in South-West England

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Israa Kadhim ◽  
Fanar M. Abed
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Spatial Attributes ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods ◽  
Non Destructive

With the increasing demands to use remote sensing approaches, such as aerial photography, satellite imagery, and LiDAR in archaeological applications, there is still a limited number of studies assessing the differences between remote sensing methods in extracting new archaeological finds. Therefore, this work aims to critically compare two types of fine-scale remotely sensed data: LiDAR and an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) derived Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry. To achieve this, aerial imagery and airborne LiDAR datasets of Chun Castle were acquired, processed, analyzed, and interpreted. Chun Castle is one of the most remarkable ancient sites in Cornwall County (Southwest England) that had not been surveyed and explored by non-destructive techniques. The work outlines the approaches that were applied to the remotely sensed data to reveal potential remains: Visualization methods (e.g., hillshade and slope raster images), ISODATA clustering, and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms. The results display various archaeological remains within the study site that have been successfully identified. Applying multiple methods and algorithms have successfully improved our understanding of spatial attributes within the landscape. The outcomes demonstrate how raster derivable from inexpensive approaches can be used to identify archaeological remains and hidden monuments, which have the possibility to revolutionize archaeological understanding.

The Importance of Minimally Invasive Remote Sensing Methods in Huron-Wendat Archaeology

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Gary Warrick ◽  
Bonnie Glencross ◽  
Louis Lesage
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Excavation ◽  
Metal Detector ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Land Disturbance ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods

Abstract The Huron-Wendat have had their ancestors’ villages and burial sites investigated archaeologically for over 170 years. Past and ongoing land disturbance and invasive archaeological excavation have erased dozens of Huron-Wendat village sites in Ontario, hindering Huron-Wendat duty to care for their ancestors. Consequently, over the last 20 years, in addition to large-scale repatriation of ancestral remains, the Huron-Wendat have requested that archaeologists make every effort to avoid any further excavation of ancestral sites. This poses a new challenge for archaeologists about how to learn about the Huron-Wendat past with minimal disturbance to ancestral sites. Honoring the cultural responsibilities of the Huron-Wendat, the authors have employed minimally invasive remote sensing methods of investigation on Ahatsistari, a forested early seventeenth-century Huron-Wendat village site in Simcoe County, Ontario. Remote sensing methods (e.g., magnetic susceptibility survey, high-resolution soil chemistry sampling, and metal detector survey) have revealed village limits and the possible location and orientation of longhouses, providing essential information in support of the Huron-Wendat imperative to find, assess, and preserve as many of their archaeological sites as possible. This is to protect the ancestors, learn from the ancestors, and preserve ancestral sites and related landscapes for future generations.

scholarly journals Daljinskom interpretacijom do arheoloških spoznaja o ponekim nalazištima na istočnojadranskom arhipelagu i priobalju

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Željko Tomičić
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Underwater Archaeology ◽  
Interdisciplinary Science ◽  
The North ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
Modern Era

Archaeology and its various branches (Prehistoric, Classical Antiquity, Mediaeval, Modern Era), as a part of the humanities, is a truly interdisciplinary science. Each of its dimensions is oriented towards the ways in which people have occupied spaces for thousands of years and the various forms of organisation this has taken. It can be said that archaeology operates in three dimensions. Apart from terrestrial archaeology, i.e. the usual field work, there is underwater archaeology (seas, lakes, watercourses) and also archaeology based on facts acquired from remote sensing, i.e. photos from space and the air. This paper focuses on this third dimension of archaeology, presenting examples of archaeological sites from the north of the Croatian archipelago, starting with Krk and continuing along the eastern Adriatic, including its hinterland, down to Pelješac (Ston).

scholarly journals Remote sensing in the study of Late Bronze Age settlements in North-Western Crimea

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-310
Author(s):  
Tatiana Smekalova ◽  
Maja Kashuba
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Step Method ◽  
The North ◽  
High Resolution Satellite Images ◽  
Geophysical Surveys ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods ◽  
North Western

The article is devoted to the results of applying a comprehensive interdisciplinary methodology combining remote sensing methods, GIS, geophysical and archaeological research the Late Bronze for revealing and investigation of the Late Bronze Age settlements in the North-Western Crimea. The discovery of these settlements causes a certain difficulty, since they are buried under a layer of soil and do not have direct visual signs. A comprehensive step-by-step method of non-destructive remote sensing was developed, including the analysis of high-resolution satellite images in the Google Earth Pro resource, identifying promising areas by plant and landscape features, creating GPS routes for ground reconnaissance, geophysical surveys (magnetic and electromagnetic) on promising areas for identifying Late Bronze Age settlements, GPS mapping of surface material, point archaeological sounding. All the results obtained are placed in a special geo-information system, the substrate layers of which are detailed topographic, soil, geological, hydrogeological, digital relief maps. As a result, 48 new settlements of the Late Bronze Age were identified, including 19 settlements with double stone pens. These pens were first discovered only with help of remote sensing methods, especially magnetic surveying. The final answer about the existence and layout of the settlement of the Late Bronze Age before the archaeological excavations is given only by magnetic and electromagnetic surveys. The GIS created on the monuments of the Late Bronze Age in the North-Western Crimea will serve both scientific purposes and to preserve the cultural heritage of the Republic of Crimea, which is especially important in conditions of rapid economic development of land and the construction of trunk roads.

scholarly journals Rekognosciranje antičkih lokaliteta na području Kiseljaka / Reconnaissance of the ancient sites in Kiseljak area

2017 ◽  
pp. 43-55
Author(s):  
Jesenko Hadžihasanović ◽  
Edo Mešić
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Current State ◽  
Field Reconnaissance ◽  
New Information ◽  
New Research ◽  
Western Foothill

This article presents the results of the field reconnaissance of the sites situated in the Kiseljak valley. The sites in question are: the site of excavated hill  in Gromiljak, the field in the western foothill of Humac, the Humac hill, two  sites to the north-east of the site of Gradac in Višnjica, the presumable archaeological site containing the remains in the site Han Ploča, and the presumable  archaeological site in the site of Kovači. All sites are located in the Kiseljak  municipality. The reconnaissance of the aforementioned sites was organized  to gather information about their current state and to gather new information about one section of Dolabella’s road route. During the reconnaissance,  only a small amount of the surface materials was uncovered, and only on the  sites near western foot of Humac hill, and on the two sites in Višnjica (with  contains two sites). On the other hand, there are a couple of potential archaeological sites (Han Ploča and Kovači). During the years of plowing, fragments  of different sizes have been found on the surface. Unfortunately, during the  reconnaissance of the Han Ploča and Kovači sites, only two shards of pottery  were found. In order to obtain more information about the part of Dolabella’s road that went through this region, as well about the Roman period itself, new research needs to be carried out. It is important to note that some of these sites were affected by the war, so the question is to what extent have the archaeological findings been preserved.

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