scholarly journals Transformer-Based Decoder Designs for Semantic Segmentation on Remotely Sensed Images

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5100
Author(s):  
Teerapong Panboonyuen ◽  
Kulsawasd Jitkajornwanich ◽  
Siam Lawawirojwong ◽  
Panu Srestasathiern ◽  
Peerapon Vateekul

Transformers have demonstrated remarkable accomplishments in several natural language processing (NLP) tasks as well as image processing tasks. Herein, we present a deep-learning (DL) model that is capable of improving the semantic segmentation network in two ways. First, utilizing the pre-training Swin Transformer (SwinTF) under Vision Transformer (ViT) as a backbone, the model weights downstream tasks by joining task layers upon the pretrained encoder. Secondly, decoder designs are applied to our DL network with three decoder designs, U-Net, pyramid scene parsing (PSP) network, and feature pyramid network (FPN), to perform pixel-level segmentation. The results are compared with other image labeling state of the art (SOTA) methods, such as global convolutional network (GCN) and ViT. Extensive experiments show that our Swin Transformer (SwinTF) with decoder designs reached a new state of the art on the Thailand Isan Landsat-8 corpus (89.8% F1 score), Thailand North Landsat-8 corpus (63.12% F1 score), and competitive results on ISPRS Vaihingen. Moreover, both our best-proposed methods (SwinTF-PSP and SwinTF-FPN) even outperformed SwinTF with supervised pre-training ViT on the ImageNet-1K in the Thailand, Landsat-8, and ISPRS Vaihingen corpora.

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Jens Elias Waibel ◽  
Sayedali Shetab Boushehri ◽  
Carsten Marr

Abstract Background Deep learning contributes to uncovering molecular and cellular processes with highly performant algorithms. Convolutional neural networks have become the state-of-the-art tool to provide accurate and fast image data processing. However, published algorithms mostly solve only one specific problem and they typically require a considerable coding effort and machine learning background for their application. Results We have thus developed InstantDL, a deep learning pipeline for four common image processing tasks: semantic segmentation, instance segmentation, pixel-wise regression and classification. InstantDL enables researchers with a basic computational background to apply debugged and benchmarked state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms to their own data with minimal effort. To make the pipeline robust, we have automated and standardized workflows and extensively tested it in different scenarios. Moreover, it allows assessing the uncertainty of predictions. We have benchmarked InstantDL on seven publicly available datasets achieving competitive performance without any parameter tuning. For customization of the pipeline to specific tasks, all code is easily accessible and well documented. Conclusions With InstantDL, we hope to empower biomedical researchers to conduct reproducible image processing with a convenient and easy-to-use pipeline.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negacy D. Hailu ◽  
Michael Bada ◽  
Asmelash Teka Hadgu ◽  
Lawrence E. Hunter

AbstractBackgroundthe automated identification of mentions of ontological concepts in natural language texts is a central task in biomedical information extraction. Despite more than a decade of effort, performance in this task remains below the level necessary for many applications.Resultsrecently, applications of deep learning in natural language processing have demonstrated striking improvements over previously state-of-the-art performance in many related natural language processing tasks. Here we demonstrate similarly striking performance improvements in recognizing biomedical ontology concepts in full text journal articles using deep learning techniques originally developed for machine translation. For example, our best performing system improves the performance of the previous state-of-the-art in recognizing terms in the Gene Ontology Biological Process hierarchy, from a previous best F1 score of 0.40 to an F1 of 0.70, nearly halving the error rate. Nearly all other ontologies show similar performance improvements.ConclusionsA two-stage concept recognition system, which is a conditional random field model for span detection followed by a deep neural sequence model for normalization, improves the state-of-the-art performance for biomedical concept recognition. Treating the biomedical concept normalization task as a sequence-to-sequence mapping task similar to neural machine translation improves performance.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Nils Erik Kjell ◽  
H. Andrew Schwartz ◽  
Salvatore Giorgi

The language that individuals use for expressing themselves contains rich psychological information. Recent significant advances in Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Deep Learning (DL), namely transformers, have resulted in large performance gains in tasks related to understanding natural language such as machine translation. However, these state-of-the-art methods have not yet been made easily accessible for psychology researchers, nor designed to be optimal for human-level analyses. This tutorial introduces text (www.r-text.org), a new R-package for analyzing and visualizing human language using transformers, the latest techniques from NLP and DL. Text is both a modular solution for accessing state-of-the-art language models and an end-to-end solution catered for human-level analyses. Hence, text provides user-friendly functions tailored to test hypotheses in social sciences for both relatively small and large datasets. This tutorial describes useful methods for analyzing text, providing functions with reliable defaults that can be used off-the-shelf as well as providing a framework for the advanced users to build on for novel techniques and analysis pipelines. The reader learns about six methods: 1) textEmbed: to transform text to traditional or modern transformer-based word embeddings (i.e., numeric representations of words); 2) textTrain: to examine the relationships between text and numeric/categorical variables; 3) textSimilarity and 4) textSimilarityTest: to computing semantic similarity scores between texts and significance test the difference in meaning between two sets of texts; and 5) textProjection and 6) textProjectionPlot: to examine and visualize text within the embedding space according to latent or specified construct dimensions (e.g., low to high rating scale scores).


2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 813-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Cocos ◽  
Alexander G Fiks ◽  
Aaron J Masino

Abstract Objective Social media is an important pharmacovigilance data source for adverse drug reaction (ADR) identification. Human review of social media data is infeasible due to data quantity, thus natural language processing techniques are necessary. Social media includes informal vocabulary and irregular grammar, which challenge natural language processing methods. Our objective is to develop a scalable, deep-learning approach that exceeds state-of-the-art ADR detection performance in social media. Materials and Methods We developed a recurrent neural network (RNN) model that labels words in an input sequence with ADR membership tags. The only input features are word-embedding vectors, which can be formed through task-independent pretraining or during ADR detection training. Results Our best-performing RNN model used pretrained word embeddings created from a large, non–domain-specific Twitter dataset. It achieved an approximate match F-measure of 0.755 for ADR identification on the dataset, compared to 0.631 for a baseline lexicon system and 0.65 for the state-of-the-art conditional random field model. Feature analysis indicated that semantic information in pretrained word embeddings boosted sensitivity and, combined with contextual awareness captured in the RNN, precision. Discussion Our model required no task-specific feature engineering, suggesting generalizability to additional sequence-labeling tasks. Learning curve analysis showed that our model reached optimal performance with fewer training examples than the other models. Conclusions ADR detection performance in social media is significantly improved by using a contextually aware model and word embeddings formed from large, unlabeled datasets. The approach reduces manual data-labeling requirements and is scalable to large social media datasets.


Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Yeqi Liu ◽  
Chuanyang Gong ◽  
Yingyi Chen ◽  
Huihui Yu

Deep Learning (DL) is the state-of-the-art machine learning technology, which shows superior performance in computer vision, bioinformatics, natural language processing, and other areas. Especially as a modern image processing technology, DL has been successfully applied in various tasks, such as object detection, semantic segmentation, and scene analysis. However, with the increase of dense scenes in reality, due to severe occlusions, and small size of objects, the analysis of dense scenes becomes particularly challenging. To overcome these problems, DL recently has been increasingly applied to dense scenes and has begun to be used in dense agricultural scenes. The purpose of this review is to explore the applications of DL for dense scenes analysis in agriculture. In order to better elaborate the topic, we first describe the types of dense scenes in agriculture, as well as the challenges. Next, we introduce various popular deep neural networks used in these dense scenes. Then, the applications of these structures in various agricultural tasks are comprehensively introduced in this review, including recognition and classification, detection, counting and yield estimation. Finally, the surveyed DL applications, limitations and the future work for analysis of dense images in agriculture are summarized.


10.29007/dlff ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alena Fenogenova ◽  
Viktor Kazorin ◽  
Ilia Karpov ◽  
Tatyana Krylova

Automatic morphological analysis is one of the fundamental and significant tasks of NLP (Natural Language Processing). Due to special features of Internet texts, as they can be both normative texts (news, fiction, nonfiction) and less formal texts (such as blogs and texts from social networks), the morphological tagging has become non-trivial and an actual task. In this paper we describe our experiments in tagging of Internet texts presenting our approach based on deep learning. The new social media test set was created, that allows to compare our system with state-of-the-art open source analyzers on the social media texts material.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Mueed Hafiz ◽  
Shabir Ahmad Parah ◽  
Rouf Ul Alam Bhat

Abstract With the advent of state of the art nature-inspired pure attention based models i.e. transformers, and their success in natural language processing (NLP), their extension to machine vision (MV) tasks was inevitable and much felt. Subsequently, vision transformers (ViTs) were introduced which are giving quite a challenge to the established deep learning based machine vision techniques. However, pure attention based models/architectures like transformers require huge data, large training times and large computational resources. Some recent works suggest that combinations of these two varied fields can prove to build systems which have the advantages of both these fields. Accordingly, this state of the art survey paper is introduced which hopefully will help readers get useful information about this interesting and potential research area. A gentle introduction to attention mechanisms is given, followed by a discussion of the popular attention based deep architectures. Subsequently, the major categories of the intersection of attention mechanisms and deep learning for machine vision (MV) based are discussed. Afterwards, the major algorithms, issues and trends within the scope of the paper are discussed.


2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Muthu Kumar Chandrasekaran ◽  
Philipp Mayr

The 4 th joint BIRNDL workshop was held at the 42nd ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR 2019) in Paris, France. BIRNDL 2019 intended to stimulate IR researchers and digital library professionals to elaborate on new approaches in natural language processing, information retrieval, scientometrics, and recommendation techniques that can advance the state-of-the-art in scholarly document understanding, analysis, and retrieval at scale. The workshop incorporated different paper sessions and the 5 th edition of the CL-SciSumm Shared Task.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document