scholarly journals An Optimized Framework for WSN Routing in the Context of Industry 4.0

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 6474
Author(s):  
Shalli Rani ◽  
Deepika Koundal ◽  
Kavita ◽  
Muhammad Fazal Ijaz ◽  
Mohamed Elhoseny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grids ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Link State ◽  
Network Cost ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Simulation Parameters

The advancements in Industry 4.0 have opened up new ways for the structural deployment of Smart Grids (SGs) to face the endlessly rising challenges of the 21st century. SGs for Industry 4.0 can be better managed by optimized routing techniques. In Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs), the topology is not fixed and can be encountered by interference, mobility of nodes, propagation of multi-paths, and path loss. To extenuate these concerns for SGs, in this paper, we have presented a new version of the standard Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol for SGs to improve the management of control intervals that enhance the efficiency of the standard OLSR protocol without affecting its reliability. The adapted fault tolerant approach makes the proposed protocol more reliable for industrial applications. The process of grouping of nodes supports managing the total network cost by reducing severe flooding and evaluating an optimized head of clusters. The head of the unit is nominated according to the first defined expectation factor. With a sequence of rigorous performance evaluations under simulation parameters, the simulation results show that the proposed version of OLSR has proliferated Quality of Service (QoS) metrics when it is compared against the state-of-the-art-based conventional protocols, namely, standard OLSR, DSDV, AOMDV and hybrid routing technique.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Location-Aware Grid-Based Hierarchical Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Farrukh Aslam Khan ◽  
Wang-Cheol Song ◽  
Khi-Jung Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Hierarchical Routing ◽  
Link State ◽  
Location Aware ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Grid Based

In this paper, the performance analysis of a hierarchical routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) called Location-aware Grid-based Hierarchical Routing (LGHR) is performed. In LGHR, the network comprises nonoverlapping zones and each zone is further partitioned into smaller grids. Although LGHR is a location-aware routing protocol, the routing mechanism is similar to the link-state routing. The protocol overcomes some of the weaknesses of other existing location-based routing protocols such as Zone-based Hierarchical Link State (ZHLS) and GRID. A detailed analysis of the LGHR routing protocol is performed and its performance is compared with both the above-mentioned protocols. The comparison shows that LGHR works better than ZHLS in terms of storage overhead as well as communication overhead, whereas LGHR is more stable than GRID especially in scenarios where wireless nodes are moving with very high velocities.

scholarly journals Topology Control Using Distributed Power Management Algorithm for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Nuraj Pradhan ◽  
Tarek Saadawi
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Packet Delay ◽  
Management Algorithm ◽  
Physical Channel ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
Node Connectivity ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Log Normal

In order to be strongly connected in the network, a node may increase its power indiscriminately causing interference. Since interference is one of the major problems in wireless network, the proposed algorithm will co-operatively reduce inter-node interference in the network. Further, uni-directional links are a major source of interference as most of the routing protocol only utilizes bi-directional links. The algorithm will attempt to prevent such links or if required convert them into bi-directional links. We will show that the proposed algorithm provides strongly connected and more reliable network over dynamic physical channel modeled by log-distance path loss model, log-normal shadowing model and rayleigh fading model. It stabilizes node connectivity over the dynamic network and environment and even, to a certain extent, prevent node from being completely disconnected from the network. For the selected simulation environment, we will show that the proposed algorithm provides a shorter packet delay, improves the network throughput by as much as 37%, decreases the routing overhead and reduces interference.

scholarly journals Performance Enhancement of Optimized Link State Routing Protocol by Parameter Configuration for UANET

Drones ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Esmot Ara Tuli ◽  
Mohtasin Golam ◽  
Dong-Seong Kim ◽  
Jae-Min Lee
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Geographic Routing ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Link State ◽  
Parameter Configuration ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Dynamic Attributes ◽  
Optimized Link State Routing

The growing need for wireless communication has resulted in the widespread usage of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in a variety of applications. Designing a routing protocol for UAVs is paramount as well as challenging due to its dynamic attributes. The difficulty stems from features other than mobile ad hoc networks (MANET), such as aerial mobility in 3D space and frequently changing topology. This paper analyzes the performance of four topology-based routing protocols, dynamic source routing (DSR), ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV), geographic routing protocol (GRP), and optimized link state routing (OLSR), by using practical simulation software OPNET 14.5. Performance evaluation carries out various metrics such as throughput, delay, and data drop rate. Moreover, the performance of the OLSR routing protocol is enhanced and named “E-OLSR” by tuning parameters and reducing holding time. The optimized E-OLSR settings provide better performance than the conventional request for comments (RFC 3626) in the experiment, making it suitable for use in UAV ad hoc network (UANET) environments. Simulation results indicate the proposed E-OLSR outperforms the existing OLSR and achieves supremacy over other protocols mentioned in this paper.

Cross-Layer Multimedia QoS Provisioning over Ad Hoc Networks

2012 ◽  
pp. 460-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raad Alturki ◽  
Rashid Mehmood
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Geographic Routing ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Large Networks ◽  
Link State ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Qos Performance ◽  
Future Work

The HCPR scheme is implemented as an extension to the OPNET simulation software and is analysed in detail for its QoS performance to deliver multimedia applications over ad hoc networks. It is compared with three well-known and widely used routing protocols: Ad Hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Optimised Link State Routing (OLSR), and Geographic Routing Protocol (GRP). Several networking scenarios have been carefully configured with variations in networks sizes, applications, codecs, and routing protocols to extensively analyse the proposed scheme. The HCPR enabled ad hoc network outperforms the well-known routing schemes, in particular for relatively large networks and high QoS network loads. These results are promising because many QoS schemes do work for small networks and low network loads but are unable to sustain performance for large networks and high QoS loads. Several directions to extend this research for future work are given.

Fuzzy QoS Based OLSR Network

2013 ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
G. Uma Maheswari
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Wireless Networks ◽  
Mobile Wireless ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Algorithm ◽  
Link State ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Path Computations ◽  
Optimized Link State Routing

Quality-of-Service (QoS) routing protocol is developed for mobile Ad Hoc Networks. MANET is a self configuring network of mobile devices connected by wireless links. Each device in the MANET is free to move independently in any direction; therefore, it changes links to other devices frequently. The proposed QoS-based routing in the Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol relates bandwidth and delay using a fuzzy logic algorithm. The path computations are examined and the reason behind the selection of bandwidth and delay metrics is discussed. The performance of the protocol is investigated by simulation. The results in FQOLSR indicate an improvement in mobile wireless networks compared with the existing QOLSR system.

Effective Routing in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks With Power and End-to-End Delay Optimization

2018 ◽  
pp. 206-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamata Rath
Keyword(s):  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Technology Support ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Battery Power ◽  
Minimum Power Consumption ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) has always been a challenging and pioneering wireless network providing magnificent technology support starting from everyday life to disaster and critical environment. In industrial applications and most of the real-world solicitations, the MANET technology greatly suffers due to practical challenges faced by the network, power deficiency, and dynamic topology change being the prominent factors. Many cross-layer platforms supporting real-time applications have been developed by many researchers with the basic intention being maximum utilization of resources in the resource constrained environment of MANET, minimum power consumption using limited residual battery power of the highly transferable mobile nodes. This chapter presents the design of an optimized network layer protocol with delay management and power efficiency.

scholarly journals Minimizing The Number of Channel Switches of Mobile Users in Cognitive Radio Ad-Hoc Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajorshi Biswas ◽  
Jie Wu
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Primary User ◽  
Mobile Users ◽  
Mobility Patterns ◽  
Current Channel ◽  
Hoc Networks

Cognitive radio (CR) technology is envisioned to use wireless spectrum opportunistically when the primary user (PU) is not using it. In cognitive radio ad-hoc networks (CRAHNs), the mobile users form a distributed multi-hop network using the unused spectrum. The qualities of the channels are different in different locations. When a user moves from one place to another, it needs to switch the channel to maintain the quality-of-service (QoS) required by different applications. The QoS of a channel depends on the amount of usage. A user can select the channels that meet the QoS requirement during its movement. In this paper, we study the mobility patterns of users, predict their next locations and probabilities to move there based on its history. We extract the mobility patterns from each user’s location history and match the recent trajectory with the patterns to find future locations. We construct a spectrum database using Wi-Fi access point location data and the free space path loss formula. We propose a machine learning-based mechanism to predict spectrum status of some missing locations in the spectrum database. We formulate a problem to select the current channel in order to minimize the total number of channel switches during a certain number of next moves of a user. We conduct an extensive simulation combining real and synthetic datasets to support our model.

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