scholarly journals The Relative Performance of a Benchtop Scanning Monochromator and Handheld Fourier Transform Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectrometer in Predicting Forage Nutritive Value

Sensors ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 658
Author(s):  
Matthew F. Digman ◽  
Jerry H. Cherney ◽  
Debbie J. R. Cherney
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

Advanced manufacturing techniques have enabled low-cost, on-chip spectrometers. Little research exists, however, on their performance relative to the state of technology systems. The present study compares the utility of a benchtop FOSS NIRSystems 6500 (FOSS) to a handheld NeoSpectra-Scanner (NEO) to develop models that predict the composition of dried and ground grass, and alfalfa forages. Mixed-species prediction models were developed for several forage constituents, and performance was assessed using an independent dataset. Prediction models developed with spectra from the FOSS instrument had a standard error of prediction (SEP, % DM) of 1.4, 1.8, 3.3, 1.0, 0.42, and 1.3, for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), true in vitro digestibility (IVTD), neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), and crude protein (CP), respectively. The R2P for these models ranged from 0.90 to 0.97. Models developed with the NEO resulted in an average increase in SEP of 0.14 and an average decrease in R2P of 0.002.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF NEAR INFRARED CALIBRATIONS FOR ESTIMATING IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY IN WHOLE-PLANT CORN HYBRIDS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 557-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. VALDES ◽  
R. B. HUNTER ◽  
G. E. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Whole Plant

A comparison of two near infrared (NIRA) calibrations (C1 and C2) for the prediction of in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDM) in whole-plant corn (WPC) was conducted. C1 consisted of 40 WPC samples collected from four locations across Ontario (Brucefield, London, Guelph and Elora). C2 consisted of 90 samples and included the above locations plus Pakenham and Winchester. Nine wavelengths were used in both equations but only three were common in C1 and C2 equations. These wavelengths were 2139 nm, 2100 nm, and 1445 nm, respectively. The predictions of IVDM utilizing both C1 and C2 were good. Coefficients of determination (r2) and standard error of the estimate (SEE) for calibration and prediction sets were 0.91, 1.7; 0.85, 1.7 for C1 and 0.88, 1.6; 0.77, 1.6 for C2 respectively. Regression analysis within location, however, showed low r2 values for the prediction of IVDM for Pakenham and Winchester in both calibrations. The more mature stage of harvest at these locations might be the cause of the poorer predictions. Key words: In vitro digestibility, whole-plant corn, near infrared reflectance

Calorimetry, chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of sugarcane treated with calcium hydroxide

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 406
Author(s):  
Alexandre M. Dias ◽  
Luís C. V. Ítavo ◽  
Júlio C. Damasceno ◽  
Camila C. B. F. Ítavo ◽  
Geraldo T. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Cellulose Structure ◽  
High Dry Matter

Sugarcane is a source of roughage in animal feeding. It presents high production per unit of cultivated area, relatively easy cultivation and low cost of production per hectare, and better quality and a high dry matter (DM) yield in periods when forage is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of increasing levels of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) in sugarcane forage on chemical composition, in vitro digestibility values of DM, neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF), and kinetics of thermal decomposition processes of weight loss and heat flow. Sugarcane was collected close to the ground and 50-kg heaps of the fresh material were formed and mixed with four doses of Ca(OH)2 (0, 8, 16 and 24 g kg–1 sugarcane). Concentrations of NDF and ADF decreased linearly with increasing amount of Ca(OH)2, whereas concentration of hemicellulose increased linearly. In vitro digestibilities of DM, NDF and ADF were enhanced in a quadratic manner with increasing amounts of Ca(OH)2. The release of heat, measured by ΔH, increased linearly with increased Ca(OH)2 levels, likely due to enhanced digestibility of the fibre components. Weight loss decreased linearly between 272.2°C and 397.7°C with increased amounts of Ca(OH)2 added to sugarcane, likely due to changes in cellulose structure, which became denser and thermodynamically more stable than native cellulose following the alkaline treatment. Calcium hydroxide changed chemical composition and digestibility of the fibrous fraction of sugarcane, resulting in better nutritional value. The greatest release of heat and highest in vitro digestibility of fibre were observed when adding 15.2 g Ca(OH)2 kg–1 sugarcane; therefore, this dose is recommended to enhance the nutritive value of sugarcane as ruminant feed.

scholarly journals 175 Reduce Reuse ReRumen: Variability in nutritive value of paunch manure

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 55-56
Author(s):  
Taylor J Garcia ◽  
Jeffrey A Brady ◽  
Kimberly A Guay ◽  
James P Muir ◽  
William B Smith
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
State University ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Penn State ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Ruminant animals develop a diverse and complex microbial ecosystem for digesting fibrous feedstuffs, but this material represents a cost to the industry when bound for rendering at harvest. Our objective was to determine the feed value of paunch manure recovered from an abattoir. Twelve paunch samples were collected from slaughtered cattle at the Tarleton State University Meat Laboratory, Stephenville, TX. Samples were dried under forced air at 55°C to a constant weight and ground to pass through 2-mm screen. A subsample was ground to 1-mm and assayed for DM, CP, and sequential NDF and ADF. Physically effective fiber (peNDF) was calculated with 2 L of unground, dried at 55 ˚C, paunch material using the manually-operated Penn State Particle Separator. Paunch peNDF was determined by multiplying the physical effectiveness factor by the total NDF content of the sample. Samples (2-mm) were subject to batch culture in vitro digestibility assays for determination of digestibility coefficients. Data were analysed as a random effects model using PROC GLIMMIX in SAS. Neutral detergent fiber, ADF, ADL, CP, and peNDF values were 68.1, 39.9, 10.9, 15.0, and 38.7%, respectively. Contribution to variance of the individual animal for NDF, ADF, ADL, CP, and peNDF was 97.2, 97.9, 95.4, 19.1, and 97.5%, respectively. In vitro true digestibility (IVTD) and in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD) was recorded as 46.2% and 21.6%, respectively. Contribution to variance of the animal for IVTD and IVNDFD was 99.05 and 98.49%, respectively. Data collected suggest paunch manure could provide valuable nutrients for livestock production, specifically fiber and protein. For full viability of application in a sustainable system, a centralized receiving and compositing system may be useful for development of a consistent product.

Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy: Different Strategies for Local Calibrations in Analyses of Forage Quality

1993 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Are Halvor Aastveit ◽  
Petter Marum
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Scatter Correction ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Local Regression ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Positive Effects

This paper deals with the problem of how to utilize a large calibration set with 10 different analytes in order to make the best predictions possible on a routine basis. Ten different strategies of using the data set were studied with the use of numbers of principal components ranging from 4 to 12. We found positive effects of scatter correction for most of the analytes. On average, the local regression methods were superior to the others. The optimum number of samples for local regression seems to be between 50 and 100. The largest reduction in root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP), in comparison to results for the traditional method, was found on scatter-corrected spectra and a proposed local calibration with 50 calibration samples. The gain in RMSEP for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and crude fiber was about 25% and for protein and in vitro digestible dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) about 10%, compared to results for the traditional universal calibration method.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of whole-crop maize fertilized with synthetic fertilizer or digestate and harvested at two maturity stages in Boreal growing conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud F. Seleiman ◽  
Shaimaa Selim ◽  
Seija Jaakkola ◽  
Pirjo S.A. Mäkelä
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
Synthetic Fertilizer

Maize cultivation for silage could be a sustainable option in Boreal conditions, especially when combined with nutrient recycling. Effects of digestate (sludge from biogas of domestic origin) application in comparison with synthetic fertilizer and two maturity stages on chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of whole-crop maize were investigated. Starch, neutral detergent fiber, water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and digestible organic matter (DOM) contents of maize did not differ in response to the two fertilizer treatments. However, starch, DOM and metabolizable energy of maize increased, while ash, crude protein and WSC contents decreased with increasing maize maturity. Heavy metals in maize fertilized with digestate remained low. The results indicate that whole-crop maize fertilized with digestate and harvested at 150 days after sowing is a promising feed and has good nutritive value, even in Boreal conditions.

Predicting maize silage starch degradability by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 50-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.K. Lovett ◽  
E.R. Deaville ◽  
D.I. Givens ◽  
E. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Limited Sample ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

Maize silage consists of a starch and a fibrous fraction, both of which should be considered when assessing nutritive value. The in vitro evaluation of starch disappearance is laborious and costly. The near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) technique requires limited sample preparation and is quick to operate once a calibration is established. This study investigated the potential of NIRS to predict maize starch disappearance in vitro.

Review: Prediction of variation in energetic value of wheat for poultry

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yegani ◽  
D. R. Korver
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Energy Availability ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Physico Chemical

Yegani, M. and Korver, D. R. 2012. Review: Prediction of variation in energetic value of wheat for poultry. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 92: 261–273. Variations in physical and chemical characteristics of wheat can significantly influence the energy availability of this feed ingredient for poultry. These variations can result in inefficiencies in the form of over- or under-formulation of the diets at commercial feed mills or on poultry farms. Therefore, having a clear understanding of the variations is of paramount importance in the formulation of poultry diets as they can have negative consequences for production performance of birds. There are a large number of factors that can contribute to variations in energy availability of wheat for poultry. This review is intended to briefly discuss these factors and also practical approaches that can be used to predict these variations. These approaches include measuring physico-chemical characteristics, in vivo digestibility trials, in vitro digestibility techniques, and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). There are limitations associated with physico-chemical and in vivo measurements. However, in vitro digestibility techniques are simple and fast and can provide data for database development and ongoing calibrations of NIRS systems. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy has enormous potential to predict variations in wheat apparent metabolizable energy, leading to more accurate diet formulation.

scholarly journals Prediction of aspects of neutral detergent fibre digestion of forages by chemical composition and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Andrés ◽  
F. J. Giráldez ◽  
J. S. González ◽  
R. Peláez ◽  
N. Prieto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Chemical Data ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
In Sacco Degradability ◽  
In Sacco

Sixty-two herbage samples, harvested in natural meadows located in the mountains of León (north-west Spain), and characterised by a diverse botanical composition and different stages of maturity of the plants, were used to evaluate the ability of chemical composition and near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to predict in vitro digestibility and in sacco degradability of the neutral detergent fibre (NDF) fraction. In vitro digestibility was performed as described by the Goering and Van Soest procedure. Three dry Holstein-Friesian cows fitted with a rumen cannula were used to incubate the herbage samples. A Bran+Luebbe InfraAlyzer 500 spectrophotometer was used to obtain the NIR spectra corresponding to the 62 original herbage samples. Prediction equations for the estimation of in vitro digestibility and in sacco degradability parameters of the NDF fraction were generated using NIR spectra or chemical data as independent variables. The results showed that the in vitro digestibility and kinetic parameters of degradation of the NDF fraction could not be predicted accurately, probably as a consequence of the errors corresponding to the reference methods. In contrast, these errors did not greatly affect the extent of disappearance of the NDF fraction at later times, so the accuracy of prediction of these parameters was higher, especially when NIR spectra were used as independent variables. This is probably due to the close relationship that the parameters showed with the chemical data, since this kind of information, together with some physical characteristics of the samples, is included in the NIR spectra.

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