scholarly journals Improving Airline Pilots’ Visual Scanning and Manual Flight Performance through Training on Skilled Eye Gaze Strategies

Safety ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Olivier Lefrançois ◽  
Nadine Matton ◽  
Mickaël Causse
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Flight Performance ◽  
Visual Scanning ◽  
Aviation Accidents ◽  
Airline Pilots ◽  
Scanning Strategies ◽  
Experimental Group

Poor cockpit monitoring has been identified as an important contributor to aviation accidents. Improving pilots’ monitoring strategies could therefore help to enhance flight safety. During two different sessions, we analyzed the flight performance and eye movements of professional airline pilots in a full-flight simulator. In a pre-training session, 20 pilots performed a manual approach scenario as pilot flying (PFs) and were classified into three groups according to their flight performance: unstabilized, standard, and most accurate. The unstabilized pilots either under- or over-focused various instruments. Their number of visual scanning patterns was lower than those of pilots who managed to stabilize their approach. The most accurate pilots showed a higher perceptual efficiency with shorter fixation times and more fixations on important primary flight instruments. Approximately 10 months later, fourteen pilots returned for a post-training session. They received a short training program and performed a similar manual approach as during the pre-training session. Seven of them, the experimental group, received individual feedback on their own performance and visual behavior (i.e., during the pre-training session) and a variety of data obtained from the most accurate pilots, including an eye-tracking video showing efficient visual scanning strategies from one of the most accurate pilots. The other seven, the control group, received general guidelines on cockpit monitoring. During the post-training session, the experimental group had better flight performance (compared to the control group), and its visual scanning strategies became more similar to those of the most accurate pilots. In summary, our results suggest that cockpit monitoring underlies manual flight performance and that it can be improved using a training program based mainly on exposure to eye movement examples from highly accurate pilots.

scholarly journals The effects of 20-m repeated sprint training on aerobic capacity in college volleyball players

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerimhan Kaynak ◽  
Selcen Korkmaz Eryılmaz ◽  
Sami Aydoğan ◽  
Dimitar Mihailov
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Sprint Training ◽  
Sprint Time ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Experimental Group

Summary Study aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a repeated sprint training program in addition to volleyball training on the aerobic capacity of college volleyball players. Materials and methods: Eighteen male volleyball players were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n = 9, age: 21.2 ± 1.3 years) or a control (n = 9, age: 21.2 ± 1.6 years) group. Both groups followed a traditional volleyball training program three times per week for 6 weeks. The experimental group additionally performed a repeated sprint training protocol immediately before each volleyball training session. The repeated sprint training consisted of 1-3 sets of 5 × 20 m maximal sprints with 20 seconds of active recovery between sprints and 4 min of passive recovery between sets. Before and after the 6-week training period, all participants performed an incremental treadmill test to determine maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and time to exhaustion, and the repeated sprint test (10 × 20 m with a 20‑second recovery between each sprint).Results: The experimental group showed significant improvements in VO2max (+7.1 ± 4.8%; p = 0.001) and running time to exhaustion (+15.8 ± 6.8%; p = 0.004) after training. The best 20-m sprint time (−2.3 ± 2.5%; p = 0.029), mean sprint time (−5.3 ± 3.1%; p = 0.001) and fatigue index (−34.1 ± 28.2%; p = 0.012) also improved significantly in the experimental group. None of these variables changed significantly in the control group (p > 0.05).Conclusions: The current findings indicate that the addition of a repeated sprint training program can improve both the aerobic capacity and anaerobic performance of college volleyball players.

Effect of multi-dimensional training program, using a combination method of TICH and ABA, on improve autistic children's behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S440-S440
Author(s):  
M. Hayati ◽  
S. Rezaie Pelleshahi ◽  
N. Farrokhi
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Combination Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

IntroductionAutistic children could not organize their social life direction and understanding and interpreting other sensation and only achieve so many information by looking others and instinct for creating the best space for achieving success.ObjectiveThe present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of a multi-dimensional training program, using a combination of TICH and ABA on improving the behavior of autistic children in the city of Karaj.MethodThe population in this study was all autistic students in a boys exceptional children school in city of Karaj. All participants (n = 16) were randomly assigned in two groups, experimental group (n = 8), and control group (n = 8). This research was carried out experimentally, and multi-dimensional training program was carried out on experimental group in the context of 12 training session for 2 months and two-hour sessions per week. During this time, the control group did not receive any training. In order to collect data the Autism Diagnostic Inventory that was proven its validity and reliability has been used.The collected data were analyzed with co-variance method.ResultThe results showed that the multi-dimensional training program had significant influence on social and verbal communication skills and the reduction of stereotyped behaviors in autistic children.ConclusionTherefore, we can plan a multi-dimensional approach as a comprehensive training program for this group of children and used it weekly as an independent course in autistic children academic schedule.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF REPEATED SPRINT TRAINING ON ISOCAPNIC BUFFERING PHASE IN VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-290
Author(s):  
Selcen Kormaz Erylmaz ◽  
Kerimhan Kaynak ◽  
Metin Polat ◽  
Sami Aydoğan
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprint Training ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Sprint Speed ◽  
Repeated Sprint ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Experimental Group

ABSTRACT Introduction: The region between the ventilatory threshold (VT) and respiratory compensation point (RCP) is defined as the isocapnic buffering (ICB) phase and represents a phase of compensation for exercise-induced metabolic acidosis. There is sparse literature examining the effects of physical training on ICB phase in athletes. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a repeated sprint training program on the ICB phase of college volleyball players. Methods: Eighteen male volleyball players were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n=9) or a control group (n=9) and followed a traditional volleyball training program three times per week for six weeks. The experimental group additionally performed a repeated sprint training protocol immediately before each volleyball training session. Before and after the 6-week training period, all participants performed an incremental treadmill test to determine VT, RCP, and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). The ICB phases were calculated as VO2 (ml/kg/min) and sprint speed (km/h). Results: The experimental group showed significant improvements in ICB phase, RCP, VO2max and maximal sprint speed after training (p<0.01). There were no significant changes in VT after training in the experimental group (p>0.05). None of these variables changed significantly in the control group (p>0.05). Conclusions: These findings indicate that repeated sprint training can enhance the ICB phase of volleyball players, which may be attributable to an improvement in buffering capacity leading to a shift in RCP towards higher intensities without any change in VT. The increase in the ICB phase may an important factor in terms of improvement in the high-intensity exercise tolerance of athletes. Level of Evidence II; Therapeutic studies - Investigating the results of treatment.

scholarly journals Effects of a positive thinking program on hope and sleep quality in Iranian patients with thalassemia: a randomized clinical trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Makaremnia ◽  
Marieh Dehghan Manshadi ◽  
Zahra Khademian
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Thinking ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Background Thalassemia have a negative impact on the patients' psychological health and sleep quality. This study aimed to determine the effects of a positive thinking training program on hope and sleep quality of patients with thalassemia major. Methods This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 78 patients with thalassemia major including 36 males (46.2%) and 42 females (53.8%) with a mean age of 25.56 ± 29.6 in Iran. Subjects were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. Experimental group received 16 h training based on positive thinking materials published by Martin Seligman. Control group received only usual programs. Data were collected at baseline, as well as immediately and one month after the intervention, using Snyder’s Hope Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Data analysis was performed using SPSS Software 18.0; statistical tests included the independent T-test, the Chi-square, Mann Whitney, and Friedman test. Significance level was set at 0.05 in this study. Results The experimental group had a significantly higher mean hope score compared to the control group immediately (45.38 ± 7.82 vs. 35.32 ± 5.54, P < 0.001) and one month following intervention (44.67 ± 3.47 vs. 35 ± .54, P < 0.001). Moreover, the mean sleep quality scores of the experimental group was significantly greater than that for control group immediately (5.35 ± 2.02 vs. 7 ± 2.4, P = 0.004) and one month after the intervention (4.23 ± 2.2 vs.7.02 ± 3.03, P < 0.001). Conclusion Since our training program on positive thinking improved hope and quality of sleep in patients with thalassemia major, we recommend the use of such courses as an important step toward promotion of hope and sleep quality among these patients. Trial registration The name of the registry: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials. Trial Registration Number: IRCT2017010431774N1. URL of the trial registry record: https://en.irct.ir/trial/24923. Registration Date: 07/03/2017.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a Mobile Device–Based Resilience Training Program in Reducing Depressive Symptoms and Enhancing Resilience and Quality of Life in Parents of Children With Cancer: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanhui Luo ◽  
Wei Xia ◽  
Ankie Tan Cheung ◽  
Laurie Long Kwan Ho ◽  
Jingping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Mobile Device ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Children With Cancer ◽  
Resilience Training ◽  
Experimental Group

BACKGROUND Caring for children with cancer can be a stressful experience for parents and may have negative effects on their physical and psychological well-being. Although evidence has shown that resilience is associated with positive psychological well-being, few interventions have been specifically designed to enhance the resilience of parents of children with cancer. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of a mobile device–based resilience training program in reducing depressive symptoms and enhancing resilience and quality of life (QoL) in parents of children with cancer. METHODS Parents of children diagnosed with cancer were recruited from the pediatric oncology wards of 3 tertiary hospitals in China. The participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (52/103, 50.5%) to undergo an 8-week mobile device–based resilience training program or to the control group (51/103, 49.5%) to receive an 8-week program of placebo information. The study outcomes included resilience, depressive symptoms, and QoL, as measured by the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, the Self-Rating Depression Scale, and the Short Form of the 6-Dimension Health Survey, respectively. All data were collected at baseline and at 2 and 6 months of follow-up. The data analysis followed the intention-to-treat principle. A generalized estimating equation was used to examine the effects of the intervention. RESULTS The participants were mostly female (72/103, 69.9%), and their mean age was 33.6 (SD 5.2) years. The participants in the experimental group showed significantly higher levels of resilience (mean 67.96, SD 15.8 vs mean 58.27, SD 19.0; <i>P</i><.001) and lower levels of depressive symptoms (mean 40.17, SD 9.9 vs mean 46.04, SD 10.9; <i>P</i><.001) than those in the control group at 6 months of follow-up. The intervention showed statistically significant effects in improving resilience (<i>β</i>=6.082; <i>P</i>=.01) and decreasing depressive symptoms (<i>β</i>=−2.772; <i>P</i>=.04) relative to the control group. The QoL score in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group at 6 months of follow-up (mean 0.79, SD 0.2 vs mean 0.76, SD 0.3; <i>P</i>=.07); however, no statistically significant intervention effect was detected (<i>β</i>=.020; <i>P</i>=.38). CONCLUSIONS The mobile device–based resilience training program effectively enhanced resilience and alleviated depressive symptoms in parents of children with cancer. It is highly recommended that health care professionals incorporate this resilience training program when providing psychological care to parents of children with cancer. CLINICALTRIAL Clinical.Trials.gov NCT04038242; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04038242

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a Mobile Device–Based Resilience Training Program in Reducing Depressive Symptoms and Enhancing Resilience and Quality of Life in Parents of Children With Cancer: Randomized Controlled Trial

10.2196/27639 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. e27639
Author(s):  
Yuanhui Luo ◽  
Wei Xia ◽  
Ankie Tan Cheung ◽  
Laurie Long Kwan Ho ◽  
Jingping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Mobile Device ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Children With Cancer ◽  
Resilience Training ◽  
Experimental Group

Background Caring for children with cancer can be a stressful experience for parents and may have negative effects on their physical and psychological well-being. Although evidence has shown that resilience is associated with positive psychological well-being, few interventions have been specifically designed to enhance the resilience of parents of children with cancer. Objective The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of a mobile device–based resilience training program in reducing depressive symptoms and enhancing resilience and quality of life (QoL) in parents of children with cancer. Methods Parents of children diagnosed with cancer were recruited from the pediatric oncology wards of 3 tertiary hospitals in China. The participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (52/103, 50.5%) to undergo an 8-week mobile device–based resilience training program or to the control group (51/103, 49.5%) to receive an 8-week program of placebo information. The study outcomes included resilience, depressive symptoms, and QoL, as measured by the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, the Self-Rating Depression Scale, and the Short Form of the 6-Dimension Health Survey, respectively. All data were collected at baseline and at 2 and 6 months of follow-up. The data analysis followed the intention-to-treat principle. A generalized estimating equation was used to examine the effects of the intervention. Results The participants were mostly female (72/103, 69.9%), and their mean age was 33.6 (SD 5.2) years. The participants in the experimental group showed significantly higher levels of resilience (mean 67.96, SD 15.8 vs mean 58.27, SD 19.0; P<.001) and lower levels of depressive symptoms (mean 40.17, SD 9.9 vs mean 46.04, SD 10.9; P<.001) than those in the control group at 6 months of follow-up. The intervention showed statistically significant effects in improving resilience (β=6.082; P=.01) and decreasing depressive symptoms (β=−2.772; P=.04) relative to the control group. The QoL score in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group at 6 months of follow-up (mean 0.79, SD 0.2 vs mean 0.76, SD 0.3; P=.07); however, no statistically significant intervention effect was detected (β=.020; P=.38). Conclusions The mobile device–based resilience training program effectively enhanced resilience and alleviated depressive symptoms in parents of children with cancer. It is highly recommended that health care professionals incorporate this resilience training program when providing psychological care to parents of children with cancer. Trial Registration Clinical.Trials.gov NCT04038242; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04038242

scholarly journals 团体心理咨询对大学生自尊提升的干预研究

2019 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 100-111
Author(s):  
童童 李 ◽  
艳 李 ◽  
莉 潘 ◽  
倩 黄 ◽  
喆 王
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Relationship Skills ◽  
Long Time ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

目的：探讨团体心理咨询对大学生自尊提升的干预效果以及内在影响机制。方法：招募18 名大学生为研究对象，采用实验组与控制组前后测量的实验设计，实验组接受为期6 周的自尊提升团体心理咨询，使用自尊量表、人际关系综合诊断量表和大五人格量表进行测试。结果：团体心理咨询后，实验组被试的自尊水平提高[（32.67±3.12）vs.（29.33±3.24）， p< 0.001]，人际关系综合诊断量表总分[（6.62±3.66）vs.（12.00±5.27）， p< 0.001] 及人际关系维度分数[（2.11±1.36）vs.（4.00±1.94），p= 0.009] 下降，大五人格问卷外倾性[（3.51±0.31）vs.（3.30±0.41） ，p= 0.002] 与责任心[（3.65±0.34）vs.（3.43±0.35） ，p= 0.026] 分数提高。结论：团体心理咨询对大学生自尊提升的干预有效，这一干预效应存在潜在的长期效应，其内在机制可能是人际关系困扰的降低；自尊提升能够内化成为个体人格外倾性的一部分。 Objectives： This study is focused on a six-week group psychological guidance to enhance self-esteem and to explore its intrinsic mechanism. Methods：Totally 18 students were randomly assigned to one of two group： experimental group（n=9） and control group（n=9）. The experimental group received six-week training program to enhance self-esteem， as compared as control group who received only baseline and post-six-week measurement which included the self-esteem scale，the interpersonal relationship comprehensive diagnosis scale， and the Big Five personality scale. Results： After the training program， the experimental group’s selfesteem was improved [（32.67±3.12）vs.（29.33±3.24）]， total score[（6.62±3.66）vs.（12.00±5.27）] and inter-personal communication[（2.11±1.36） vs.（4.00±1.94）] score of the interpersonal relationship comprehensive diagnosisscale were declined， and score of extraversion[（3.51±0.31）vs.（3.30±0.41）] and conscientiousness[（3.65±0.34）vs.（3.43±0.35）] were increased. Conclusion： It proves that group psychological guidance could enhance students’ self-esteem for a long time， and self-esteem could be a part of personality. The most important is that the improvement of relationship skills could explain why group psychological guidance could enhance self-esteem.

scholarly journals Effect of Health Risk Reduction Intervention Training Program on Waste Pickers’ Knowledge and Waste Handling Practices in Dump Sites in Ogun State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-69
Author(s):  
Tella A. ◽  
Amosu A.M.
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Handling Practices ◽  
Health Risk Reduction ◽  
Waste Handling ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Waste Pickers

Objective: This study assessed the effect of health risk reduction training program on waste pickers’ waste handling practices in dump sites in Ogun State, Nigeria. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted among 60 waste pickers recruited by multistage sampling technique divided into intervention and control groups. There was a baseline assessment of waste handling practices in both the intervention and control groups using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Thereafter, health risk reduction training was given via lectures and demonstrations. Three months after the intervention, another assessment of the same waste pickers was conducted with the same instrument. Waste handling practices and knowledge responses were measured on a 54-point rating scale and a 17-point rating scale respectively. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23 to generate descriptive and inferential results. Results: At the baseline, the waste pickers in the control group had a mean waste handling score of 17.80±6.89 while the experimental group had a mean score of 17.97±5.47. After the training program, there was a statistically significant increase in the mean waste handling score of the experimental group (47.30±3.28; p = 0.000) while there was no increase in the mean waste handling score of the control group (17.80±6.89). This significant increase in the mean waste handling score of the experimental group (53.83±0.38; p = 0.000) was also observed in a 3 month follow-up period. Conclusion/Recommendation: The health risk reduction training was effective in improving the waste handling practices of waste pickers. It is recommended that waste pickers should be trained on proper waste handling by the government.

A Computer-Based Training Program for Developing Harmonic Intonation Discrimination Skill

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce F. Dalby
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Music Majors ◽  
Just Intonation ◽  
Computer Based Training ◽  
Equal Temperament ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Experimental Subjects ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a computer-based training program for improving students' ability to make judgments of harmonic intonation. Twenty members of two undergraduate conducting classes participated in the Harmonic Intonation Training Program (HITP). An equivalent matched control group was selected from 156 other undergraduate music majors who had also taken the investigator-developed Harmonic Intonation Discrimination Test (HIDT). The HITP consisted of a body of drill-and-prac-tice exercises using intervals, triads, and brief three- and four-part musical passages. The exercises were played in both equal temperament and just intonation by a 16-voice digital synthesizer. After a 9-week treatment period, a two-way ANOVA on posttest HIDT scores revealed a difference (p= .005) in favor of the experimental group. Results of a questionnaire administered after the training to the experimental subjects indicated that attitudes toward the training program were mostly positive.

scholarly journals Effects of Slackline Training on Acceleration, Agility, Jump Performance and Postural Control in Youth Soccer Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-245
Author(s):  
Javier Fernández-Rio ◽  
Luis Santos ◽  
Benjamín Fernández-García ◽  
Roberto Robles ◽  
Iván Casquero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Squat Jump

AbstractThe goal of this study was to assess the effects of a supervised slackline training program in a group of soccer players. Thirty-four male division I under-19 players (16.64 ± 0.81 years) agreed to participate in the study. They were randomly divided into an experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG). The first group (EG) followed a 6-week supervised slackline training program (3 sessions/week; 5-9 min/session), while the CG performed only regular soccer training. Several variables were assessed in all participants: acceleration (20-m sprint test), agility (90º turns test), jump performance (squat jump, countermovement jump), and postural control (Center of Pressure ( CoP) testing: length, area, speed, Xmean, Ymean, Xspeed, Yspeed, Xdeviation, Ydeviation). Ratings of perceived exertion and local muscle ratings of perceived exertions were also recorded after each slackline training session. At post-tests, there was a significant increase only in the EG in acceleration, agility, squat jump and countermovement jump performance, as well as several CoP variables: area in the bipedal support on a firm surface, and length, area and speed in the left leg on a firm surface. The program was rated as “somewhat hard” by the players, while quadriceps, gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior were the most exerted muscles while slacklining. In conclusion, slackline training can be an effective training tool for young, high-level soccer players.

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