scholarly journals Toward Sustainable Ferry Routes in Korea: Analysis of Operational Efficiency Considering Passenger Mobility Burdens

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8819
Author(s):  
Thi Quynh Mai Pham ◽  
Gunwoo Lee ◽  
Hwayoung Kim
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Operational Efficiency ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Fuzzy C Means Clustering ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

With its long coastline, and numerous inlets and offshore islands, coastal ferry industries play a vital role in Korean maritime transportation. This study focuses on the southwestern part of Korea, Mokpo (which has the most inhabited islands and the highest proportion of elderly island residents), and aims to evaluate the impact of passengers’ mobility burdens on the efficiency of ferry routes to achieve a better service for passengers. Integrated principal component analysis–data envelopment analysis and a fuzzy C-means clustering method were applied to analyze the efficiency of ferry routes in the Mokpo area. The efficiency results indicate that longer routes do not always achieve high-efficiency scores. The proportion of general passengers appears to influence the efficiency improvements of both general and subsidiary ferry routes. These findings can assist in better comprehending the relationship between passengers’ mobility burdens and ferry route efficiencies; this will enable the authorities and ferry management departments to develop appropriate policies and strategies and to reconstruct certain features of the inefficient routes, thereby increasing operational efficiency, reducing mobility burdens, and improving the convenience of ferry travel and sustainability of Korean passenger routes.

scholarly journals REGIONAL TECHNOLOGICAL LEARNING IN TURKISH CEMENT INDUSTRY

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-216
Author(s):  
Gurkan Calmasur ◽  
◽  
Meryem Emre Aysin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Learning Curve ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Learning Curves ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Company Performance ◽  
Technological Learning ◽  
The Impact

The learning curve reflects the reduction in average costs as the company's cumulative production increases. These curves are utilized when measuring company performance, managing production processes, and planning. In terms of cost reduction and profitability, the impact of learning is particularly important. The learning curves have been traditionally used in industries. In this study, the learning curves concerning the cement industry are examined. The cement sector inherits a high export potential in Turkey. Additionally, it is the industry branch that supplies the raw materials needed by countries' construction industries. On the other hand, the construction sector is a leading sector that mobilizes other markets. This sector is a major contributor to production, investment, and employment and plays a vital role in the development of the country. This paper aims to make a detailed analysis of the learning curves regarding the Turkish cement industry at the regional level covering the 2000-2018 period. In order to realize this aim, the linear and cubic learning models have been applied and the technological learning values for regions from 2000 to 2018 have been calculated. For the analysis, data of 68 factories operating in the Turkish cement industry obtained from Turkey Cement Manufacturers' Association have been used. The estimated results suggest that cubic models explain technological learning better than the linear models. The results indicated that learning levels differed across regions and times. While the highest learning level was observed in 2004, the highest level of forgetting was recorded in 2018. Finally, we can state that the learning curve of the Turkish cement industry between 2000 and 2018 is convex.

Railway’s Impact on Regional Socio-Economic Systems: Impact Degree Evaluation—A Case Study of Beijing-Shanghai Existing Line

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuemei Li ◽  
Dandan Liang ◽  
Yaodong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Future Planning ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
The Third ◽  
Operational Management ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Resource And Environment

This article establishes railway’s impact aggregative indicators by using Correlation Analysis and Principal Component Analysis. With the correlative data of Beijing-Shanghai existing line from 2000 to 2008, the paper evaluates the level of railway’s impact on regional socioeconomic systems through Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. According to the DEA results, it can be divided into three levels: first level is Beijing and Shanghai; second is Tianjin, Jiangsu and Shandong; and the third is Hebei and Anhui. The results of this paper could be used as references for the future planning and operational management of Chinese railway network: (1) Railway’s influence on the starting and end station is stronger than that on the intermediate stations. In view of this, more railways or higher technical railways could be considered to build in the higher impact areas; (2) In order to meet the needs of passenger and freight transport, it’s better to separate passenger and freight lines; (3) Although the overall influence is lower at the middle stations, the impact on the systems of resource and environment is high.

Reconceptualizing Church and State: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Separation of Religion and State on Democracy

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Brathwaite ◽  
Andrew Bramsen
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Set Covering ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Religion And State ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
State Separation

AbstractThis article argues that the relationship between democracy and the separation of religion and state needs to be reexamined. We argue that previous studies have misconceptualized the impact that a lack of church-state separation can have on democracy, or have taken a narrow focus by concentrating on specific cases. We use principal component analysis and a large-ndata set covering 125 countries to show that the separation of religion and state should be conceptualized multi-dimensionally and that it should be considered a component of democracy. Our findings show that as separation of religion and state increases, the level of democracy also increases.

scholarly journals Shareholding Patterns and its Impact on Firm Performance: A Contemporary Study of Indian NIFTY 50 Companies

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
Raghu Katragadda ◽  
A. Sreeram
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Book Value ◽  
Contemporary Study ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Ownership structure or the stakeholder structure of an organization often play significant role in operations decision, monitoring and control. This as a result possesses influences over process and hence performance. On the other hand, the role of stakeholders and respective conflict of interests can also be not ruled out. Under such circumstances, assessing the impact of organizational structure or stakeholder pattern and firm performance becomes inevitable to assess. In addition, the relationship between the investment pattern and respective conflicts of interests is inevitable to be examined. To ensure investment security corporate governance has played vital role that suggests assessing the inter-relationship between the stakeholder pattern and firm performance. With this motivation, in this paper an empirical study has been done to examine the impact of internal shareholding patterns on the associated firm’s performance. In this paper we have performed an empirical study where the aforementioned relationship has been examined for Indian listed NIFTY 50 companies for the duration of the financial year 2011 to 2016. Our empirical results provide evidence that insider shareholding is positively and significantly related to the firm performance as measured by market capitalization; market value by book value and Tobin’s Q.

scholarly journals Assessment of the impact of labor productivity on the effectiveness of innovative activities in Kazakhstan and the Northwestern Federal District of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
N. Roslyakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Innovative Output ◽  
Improve State

Object: In many foreign countries, growth in labor productivity leads to a reduction in working hours. But these processes are not always proportional and depend on the correlation of social and economic priorities of states, on the conditions of general globalization and neoliberalization. The unfavorable ratio of the internal price proportions of some states and the low level of development of technics and technology act as obstacles to increasing the rate of economic growth. In such conditions, a reduction in working hours will inevitably lead to a reduction in the country's economic potential and the level of income of citizens. The purpose of this article is to study the nature of labor productivity and analyze the relationship between the proportions of labor productivity and the volume of production of innovative products in Russia and Kazakhstan as the largest EAEU states that determine development trends in the region. Methods: The collected data on the relationship between labor productivity and the volume of output of innovative products were analyzed using cluster analysis and nonparametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Findings: Labor productivity affects the level of innovative development and affects the overall economic development of individual regions and countries as a whole. The analysis of these processes is very important for the formation of state development policy. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between labor productivity and the volume of innovative products, as well as examines similar processes in certain regions of Russia and Kazakhstan. Conclusions: According to the results obtained, the following hypotheses were accepted: in Kazakhstan and Russia, labor productivity directly affects the innovative production of products. This influence is different in the regions of both countries. In Kazakhstan and Russia, there are regions that are similar in characteristics of the processes of the impact of labor productivity on innovative output, and for them similar measures to improve state policy are recommended.

scholarly journals Morphometrics of the tribe Merremieae Austin (Convolvulacae) from India

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
S. A. Deshmukh ◽  
Vinod B. Shimpale
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Petiole Length ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Plant Taxon ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Sixteen species of the tribe Merremieae Austin (Convolvulaceae) from India were morphometrically analyzed with the help of Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis to explain the relationship between them. PCA showed that quantitative characters like corolla breadth, fruit breadth and length of paracot leaf play important role in bringing together all the species in the same tribe while the characters like leaf length, leaf breadth, petiole length, pedicel length, calyx length and calyx breadth play vital role in the delimitation of taxa within the tribe Merremieae. Cluster analysis and dendrogram revealed that, the genus Operculina S. Manso is segregated from Merremia Denns. ex Endlich.; genus Hewittia Wight. & Arn. is very close to Merremia, probably originated from M. aegyptia (L.) Urban and M. dissecta (Jacq.) Hall. f. cluster and genus Xenostegia Austin & Staples is isolated in the separate cluster.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v21i2.21350Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 21(2): 121-128, 2014 (December)

scholarly journals A comparative analysis of the relationship among capital, risk and efficiency in the Eurozone and the U.S. banking institutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-20
Author(s):  
Dimitra Loukia Kolia ◽  
Simeon Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Investment Banks ◽  
Bank Risk ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Bank Capital ◽  
Managerial Behaviors ◽  
Banking Institutions ◽  
Three Stage Least Squares ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The U.S

In this paper, we investigate the relationship among capital, risk and efficiency in Eurozone and the U.S. banking institutions. We also assess the determinants of bank capital, risk and efficiency providing evidence of how the interrelationship and the managerial behaviors vary per type of bank (retail, commercial and investment banks). Concerning the methodology, we employ the input-oriented CCR model of data envelopment analysis developed by Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes (1978) to estimate efficiency. We also apply the Z-score to calculate bank risk and the ratio of the value of total equity to total assets as an indicator of bank capital. Moreover, the relationship among capital, risk and efficiency of banking institutions is investigated by employing the three-stage least squares (3SLS) model, developed by Zellner and Theil (1962). Our main findings indicate that risk and capital are positively linked in the U.S. and Eurozone banks. The findings also suggest that efficiency has a negative and significant effect on bank risk in the majority of the banks of our sample. Additionally, we may conclude that the impact of risk and capital on efficiency levels is sensitive to the type of bank. As regards the effect of the variable efficiency on capital, the results are negative for all the banks in our sample.

Can trade help with fighting the pandemic? Evidence from imports of Chinese medical products

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-222
Author(s):  
Laike Yang ◽  
Bo Xu
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Medical Products ◽  
The World ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

To contain the COVID-19 pandemic, medical products play an important role around the world. This paper studies the relationship between trade and pandemic control by testing the impact of importing medical products from China on COVID-19 cases and deaths. Using a fixed-effects model, we find that there is a significant negative correlation between imports of medical products from China and COVID-19 cases; for every 1 percent increase in protection equipment imported from China, new COVID-19 cases per day drop by 0.24 percent, and COVID-19-related deaths decrease by 0.13 percent in two weeks. The evidence suggests that trade can play a vital role in fighting the pandemic.

The impact of corporate governance on the relationship between earnings management and CEO compensation

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oheneba Assenso-Okofo ◽  
Muhammad Jahangir Ali ◽  
Kamran Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Earnings Management ◽  
Ceo Compensation ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Governance Practices ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe study examines whether corporate governance moderates the relationship between CEO compensation and earnings management.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses 1,800 firm-year observations from 2005 to 2010 and employ multiple regression analyses and other sensitivity tests.FindingsThe study finds a positive relationship between CEO compensation and earnings management. The study’s results also suggest that CEO bonus compensation increases in relation to earnings management and therefore the study infers that managers may become involved in earnings management to increase their compensation. However, the study finds that the relationship is moderated by a strong corporate governance system which reduces the impact of earnings management on CEO compensation.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is conducted in a specific context, and therefore it may be subject to a set of limitations. The study emphasises exclusively on whether executives manage earnings to increase their compensation. The study does not consider the issue of several other and potentially contradictory motivations here.Practical implicationsThe study’s findings highlight potential implications and offer useful propositions for stakeholders, particularly accounting and corporate governance regulators, to consider. The findings offer a basis for the accounting professions to further discuss and improve accounting standards to provide adequate regulations and monitoring to decrease managerial opportunistic behaviours in earnings manipulations. The findings also emphasise the need for appropriately designed CEO compensation packages in such a manner that improves the manager–shareholder alignment and reduces the information asymmetry problem. The results signify that corporate governance plays a vital role in mitigating the relationship between CEO compensation and earnings management.Originality/valueThis study adds to the existing literature by documenting empirical support on the link between earnings management and CEO compensation against a backdrop of high demand for strong corporate governance practices.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL DEA METHOD FOR ASSESSING PRODUCTIVITY OF EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa CHODAKOWSKA ◽  
Joanicjusz NAZARKO
Keyword(s):  
European Countries ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Dea Method ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
Tobit Regression Model

The article presents the concept of environmental efficiency analysis based on the method of Data Envelopment Analysis in the case of the existence of desirable and undesirable results. Theoretical considerations are illustrated by a case study of European countries and evaluation of productivity taking into account not only economic growth but also effects which are undesirable and impossible to eliminate entirely, such as the impact on the environment. The differences in the results are explained by the relationship between policies aiming at supporting research and development with the use of the Tobit regression model. The added value of this work is to propose an integration of environmental DEA method with the concept of technological competitors. The possibility of applying the concept of DEA to technological competition was presented in the form of classification and benchmarking of the European countries. It is concluded that European countries are highly diversified in regard to the efficiency of environmental performance.

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