scholarly journals Evaluation and Prediction of PM10 and PM2.5 from Road Source Emissions in Kuala Lumpur City Centre

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5402
Author(s):  
Azliyana Azhari ◽  
Nor Diana Abdul Halim ◽  
Anis Asma Ahmad Mohtar ◽  
Kadaruddin Aiyub ◽  
Mohd Talib Latif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Monitoring Station ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5 ◽  
Traffic Reduction ◽  
Annual Average Concentration ◽  
The Impact

Particulate matter (PM) is one of the major pollutants emitted by vehicles that adversely affect human health and the environment. This study evaluates and predicts concentrations and dispersion patterns of PM10 and PM2.5 in Kuala Lumpur city centre. The OML-Highway model calculates hourly time series of PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations and distribution caused by traffic emissions under different scenarios; business as usual (BAU) and 30% traffic reduction to see the impact of traffic reduction for sustainable traffic management. Continuous PM10 and PM2.5 data from a nearby monitoring station were analysed for the year 2019 and compared with modelled concentrations. Annual average concentration at various locations of interest for PM10 and PM2.5 during BAU runs were in the ranges 41.4–65.9 µg/m3 and 30.4–43.7 µg/m3 respectively, compared to during the 30% traffic reduction run ranging at 40.5–59.5 µg/m3 and 29.9–40.3 µg/m3 respectively. The average concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 at the Continuous Air Quality Monitoring Station (CAQMS) was 36.4 µg/m3 and 28.2 µg/m3 respectively. Strong correlations were observed between the predicted and observed data for PM10 and PM2.5 in both scenarios (p < 0.05). This research demonstrated that the reduction of traffic volume in the city contributes to reducing the concentration of particulate matter pollution.

scholarly journals Impact of Diwali firework emissions on air quality of New Delhi, India during 2013-2015

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
SUNIL KUMAR PESHIN ◽  
PRIYANKA SINHA ◽  
AMIT BISHT
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Surface Ozone ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5

Diwali is one of the major and most important festivals celebrated all over India which falls in the period late October to early November every year. It is associated with burning of firecrackers especially during the night of Diwali day that leads to degradation of air quality that lasts for a longer duration of time. Firecrackers on burning releases huge amount of trace gases such as NOx, CO, SO2 and O3 and huge amount of aerosols and particulate matter. The present study focuses on the influence of firecrackers  emissions on surface ozone(O3) ,oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5)concentration over the capital urban metropolis of India, New Delhi during Diwali festivity period from 2013-2015. A sharp increase is observed in surface ozone, NOx and particulate matter concentration during the Diwali day as compared to control day for 2013 to 2015 which is mainly attributed to burning of firecrackers. However the average concentration levels of the  gaseous pollutants and particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) on Diwali day exhibited a decline in 2015 and 2014 as compared to 2013 due to increase in  awareness campaigns among public and increased cost of firecrackers.  

scholarly journals The Concentrations and Removal Effects of PM10 and PM2.5 on a Wetland in Beijing

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyi Li ◽  
Yilan Huang ◽  
Huanhuan Guo ◽  
Gaojie Wu ◽  
Yifei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5 ◽  
Bare Land ◽  
Land Surfaces ◽  
The Relationship

Particulate matter (PM) is an essential source of atmospheric pollution in metropolitan areas since it has adverse effects on human health. However, previous research suggested wetlands can remove particulate matter from the atmosphere to land surfaces. This study was conducted in the Hanshiqiao Wetland National Nature Reserve in Beijing during 2016. The concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 on a wetland and bare land in the park, as well as metrological data, were collected during the whole year. Based on the observed data, removal efficiency of each land use type was calculated by empirical models and the relationships between concentrations and metrological factors were also analyzed. The results indicated that: (1) In general, the PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations on the bare land surface were higher than those on the wetland surface, in both of which the highest value appeared at night and evening, while the lowest value appeared near noon. In terms of season, the average concentration of PM10 was higher in winter (wetland: 137.48 μg·m−3; bare land: 164.75 μg·m−3) and spring (wetland: 205.18 μg·m−3; bare land: 244.85 μg·m−3) in general. The concentration of PM2.5 on the wetland surface showed the same pattern, while that on the bare land surface was higher in spring and summer. (2) Concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were significantly correlated with the relative humidity (p < 0.01) and inversely correlated with wind speed (p < 0.05). The relationship between PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations and temperature was more complicated—it showed a significantly negative correlation (p < 0.01) between them in winter and spring, however, the correlation was insignificant in autumn. In summer, only the correlation between PM10 concentration and temperature on the wetland surface was significant (p < 0.01). (3) The dry removal efficiency of PM10 was greater than that of PM2.5. The dry removal efficiencies of PM10 and PM2.5 followed the order of spring > winter > autumn > summer on the wetland. This study seeks to provide practical measures to improve air quality and facilitate sustainable development in Beijing.

scholarly journals Field Evaluation of the Dust Impacts from Construction Sites on Surrounding Areas: A City Case Study in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Yan ◽  
Guoliang Ding ◽  
Hongyang Li ◽  
Yousong Wang ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5 ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The Impact

Construction activities generate a large amount of dust and cause significant impacts on air quality of surrounding areas. Thus, revealing the characteristics of construction dust is crucial for finding the way of reducing its effects. To fully uncover the characteristics of construction dust affecting surrounding areas, this study selected seven representative construction sites in Qingyuan city, China as empirical cases for field evaluation. In the experiment, the up-downwind method was adopted to monitor and collect TSP (total suspended particulate), PM10 and PM2.5 (particulate matter ≤10 µm and 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter, respectively) concentrations, meteorological data and construction activities of each site for 2 to 3 days and 18 h in a day. The results show that the average daily construction site makes the surrounding areas’ concentration of TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 increase by 42.24%, 19.76% and 16.27%, respectively. The proportion of TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 in building construction dust is 1, 0.239 and 0.116, respectively. The large diameter particulate matter was the major constituent and the distance of its influence was limited. In addition, construction vehicles were one of the main influencing factors for building construction dust. However, building construction dust was not significantly correlated with any single meteorological factor when it did not change too much. Findings of this research can provide a valuable basis for reducing the impact of building construction dust on surrounding areas.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Relationship Between the Level of Fine Particulate Matter and Stroke Mortality Rate in Mashhad in 2014 and 2015

Health Scope ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sima Baridkazemi ◽  
Khalilollah Moeininan ◽  
Ali Taghipour ◽  
Ayat Rahmani ◽  
Hamidreza Nassehinia
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Stroke Mortality ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Annual Average Concentration ◽  
Different Seasons

Background: Air pollution is a major social problem, particularly in developing countries, where the rapid expansion of industries, cities, and traffic is the main cause of increased air pollution. Objectives: This ecological study (correlation) has been conducted with the aim of analyzing the correlation between ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) amount and the rate of stroke mortality in Mashhad during the years 2014 and 2015. Methods: Data were collected from hospitals, the Monitoring Center of Environmental Pollutants, and the Bureau of Meteorology in Khorasan Razavi Province and were analyzed to evaluate the correlation. Results: The results show that the correlation coefficient between PM2.5 and the rate of stroke mortality in different seasons in 2014 and 2015 are 0.997 and 0.902, respectively. The correlation was stronger in 2014 and is significant at a confidence level of 0.01. Conclusions: According to the results, the annual average concentration of PM2.5 decreased from 29.261 (μg/m3) in 2014 to 25.283 (μg/m3) in 2015, and also, the annual rate of stroke mortality decreased by 4.4% in 2015.

scholarly journals Fine Particulate Matter Related to Multiple Sclerosis Relapse in Young Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edouard Januel ◽  
Boris Dessimond ◽  
Augustin Colette ◽  
Isabella Annesi-Maesano ◽  
Bruno Stankoff
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Natural Logarithm ◽  
Paris Area ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Particulate matter (PM) of aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 μm (PM10) has been associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) relapse. However, the impact of smaller PM with a greater ability to penetrate human organism has never been assessed. We evaluated the impact of PM smaller than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) on the risk of MS relapse.Material and Methods: In a case-crossover study, we included 2,109 consecutive hospitalizations likely due to MS relapse in day hospital in 5 MS centers in the Paris area from January 2009 to December 2013. For each hospitalization, the natural logarithm of the average weekly PM2.5 concentrations (μg/m3) at the patient's residence address during each of the 6 weeks (week[0] to week[−5]) preceding admission was compared with the concentration during the previous week, using a conditional logistic regression adjusted on temperature, flu-like syndrome rate, pollen count, and holiday period.Results: PM2.5 average concentration during week[−3] was significantly associated with the risk of hospitalization for MS relapse [OR = 1.21 (CI 1.01;1.46)]. The association was stronger in patients younger than 30 years [OR=1.77 (CI 1.10; 2.83)].Conclusion: Our study demonstrates an association between exposure to PM2.5 and MS relapse, particularly in young people.

scholarly journals Impact of anthropogenic emissions on biogenic secondary organic aerosol: Observation in the Pearl River Delta, South China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Qing Zhang ◽  
Duo-Hong Chen ◽  
Xiang Ding ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Tao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl River Delta ◽  
Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Pearl River ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollutants ◽  
Annual Average Concentration ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from biogenic precursors is affected by anthropogenic emissions, which is not well understood in polluted areas. In the study, we accomplished a year-round campaign at nine sites in the polluted areas located in Pearl River Delta (PRD) region during 2015. We measured typical biogenic SOA (BSOA) tracers from isoprene, monoterpenes, and β-caryophyllene as well as major gaseous and particulate pollutants and investigated the impact of anthropogenic pollutants on BSOA formation. The concentrations of BSOA tracers were in the range of 45.4 to 109 ng m−3 with the majority composed of products from monoterpenes (SOAM, 47.2 ± 9.29 ng m−3), followed by isoprene (SOAI, 23.1 ± 10.8 ng m−3), and β-caryophyllene (SOAC, 3.85 ± 1.75 ng m−3). We found that atmospheric oxidants, Ox (O3 plus NO2), and sulfate correlated well with high-generation SOAM tracers, but not so for first-generation SOAM products. This suggested that high Ox and sulfate could promote the formation of high-generation SOAM products, which probably led to relatively aged SOAM we observed in the PRD. For the SOAI tracers, not only 2-methylglyceric acid (NO/NO2-channel product), but also the ratio of 2-methylglyceric acid to 2-methyltetrols (HO2-channel products) exhibit NOx dependence, indicating the significant impact of NOx on SOAI formation pathways. The SOAC tracer elevated in winter at all sites and positively correlated with levoglucosan, Ox, and sulfate. Thus, the unexpected increase of SOAC in wintertime might be highly associated with the enhancement of biomass burning, atmospheric oxidation capacity and sulfate components in the PRD. The BSOAs that were estimated by the SOA tracer approach showed the highest concentration in fall and the lowest concentration in spring with an annual average concentration of 1.68 ± 0.40 μg m−3. SOAM dominated the BSOA mass all year round. We also found that BSOA correlated well with sulfate and Ox. This implicated the significant effects of anthropogenic pollutants on BSOA formation and highlighted that we could reduce the BSOA through controlling on the anthropogenic emissions of sulfate and Ox precursors in polluted regions.

scholarly journals Temporal and Spatial Trends in Particulate Matter and the Responses to Meteorological Conditions and Environmental Management in Xi’an, China

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1112
Author(s):  
Yulu Tian ◽  
Lingnan Zhang ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Jinxi Song ◽  
Haotian Sun
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Emission Intensity ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5 ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
The Impact

Particulate matter contributes much to the haze pollution in China. Meteorological conditions and environmental management significantly influenced the accumulation, deposition, transportation, diffusion, and emission intensity of particulate matter. In this study, temporal and spatial variations of PM10 and PM2.5—and the responses to meteorological factors and environmental regulation intensity—were explored in Xi’an, China. The concentrations of PM10 were higher than those of PM2.5, especially in spring and winter. The mean annual concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 markedly decreased from 2013 to 2017, but the decreasing trend has plateaued since 2015. The concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 exhibited seasonal differences, with winter being the highest and summer the lowest. Air quality monitoring stations did not reveal significant spatial variability in PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations. The concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were significantly influenced by precipitation, relative humidity, and atmospheric temperature. The impact of wind speed was prominent in autumn and winter, while in spring and summer the impact of wind direction was obvious. Additionally, the emission intensity of SO2, smoke and dust could be effectively decreased with the increasing environmental regulation intensity, but not the concentrations of particulate matter. This study could provide a scientific framework for atmospheric pollution management.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on PM2.5 Pollution in Fastest-growing Megacity Dhaka, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Showmitra Kumar Sarkar ◽  
Md. Mehedi Hasan Khan
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Absolute Decrease

Abstract Objective: The purpose of the research was to investigate and identify the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution in Dhaka, Bangladesh by using ground-based observation data. Methods: The research assessed air quality during the COVID-19 pandemic for PM2.5 from 1 January 2017 to 1 August 2020. The research considered pollution in pre-COVID-19 (1 January-23 March), during COVID-19 (24 March-30 May), and post-COVID-19 (31 May-1 August) lockdown periods with current (2020) and historical (2017-2019) data. Results: PM2.5 pollution followed a similar yearly trend in year 2017-2020. The average concentration for PM2.5 was found 87.47 μg/m3 in the study period. Significant PM2.5 declines were observed in the current COVID-19 lockdown period compared to historical data: 11.31% reduction with an absolute decrease of 7.15 μg/m3. Conclusion: The findings of the research provide an overview of how the COVID-19 pandemic affects air pollution. The results will provide initial evidence regarding human behavioral changes and emission controls. This research will also suggest avenues for further study to link the findings with health outcomes.

scholarly journals Analyzing Characteristics of Particulate Matter Pollution in Open-Pit Coal Mines: Implications for Green Mining

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2680
Author(s):  
Huaiting Luo ◽  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Izhar Mithal Jiskani ◽  
Zhiming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Particulate Pollution ◽  
The Impact

The particulate pollution in the open-pit coal mines of China is particularly severe in winter. The aim of this study is to understand the pollution characteristics of particulate matter (PM) in winter and provide a basis for the prevention and control of particulate pollution. We took the problem of PM concentration at the bottom of the Haerwusu Open-pit Coal Mine (HOCM) as the research object. Dust monitoring equipment at two measurement points at different heights were positioned for continuous monitoring of the PM concentration. The data for three months were gathered. Statistical analyses were performed to analyze the variation characteristics of the PM and its relationship with meteorological factors. The results show that the average PM concentration in the study area is below the average daily limit of the China National Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB 3095-2012). However, the average concentration of PM10 exceeded the national limit in December. The order of PM concentration is observed as December > January > February. The correlation of PM is found to be positive with humidity and negative with wind speed. Temperature is found to be positively correlated with PM in December, while it is negative in January. At the same time, the temperature difference in December is negatively correlated with PM concentration. Under the combined action of multiple meteorological factors, the magnitude of the impact on the PM concentration at the bottom of the pit in winter is humidity > temperature > wind speed > temperature difference (inverse temperature intensity). In conclusion, PM2.5 is found to be more sensitive to environmental factors. The results of this study are particularly useful to progress in green mining.

Numerical Study of the impact of Meteorological and Emission control on the decreasing of PM2.5 concentration in Beijing by WRF-SMOKE-CMAQ model system

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qizhong Wu ◽  
Qi Xu
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Emission Control ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Detailed Model ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Annual Average Concentration ◽  
Air Quality Improvement ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pm2.5 Concentration

&lt;p&gt;In the past years, the PM2.5 concentration in Beijing decreases from 89 ug/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; in 2013 to 42 ug/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; in 2019, especially in the recent three years, that the PM2.5 concentration rapidly decreases from 73 ug/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; in 2016 decreases to 42 ug/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;. An air quality modeling system, based on WRF-SMOKE-CMAQ model, was established before APEC 2014 to forecast daily air quality and assess future air quality improvement plans, which plan expects Beijing&amp;#8217;s PM2.5 would reach to 53 ug/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; in 2020, and reach to 35 ug/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; in 2030. Actually, the PM2.5 concentration in Beijing has fallen faster than expected, that the annual PM2.5 concentration is 42 ug/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; in 2019. So how much influence do meteorological factors and emission control have on the annual PM2.5 concentration? The WRF-SMOKE-CMAQ modeling system has been used to re-build the PM2.5 concentration characteristics of Beijing from 2013 to 2019 to distinguish these two factors. Preliminary results show that under the same emission scenarios, the annual average concentration of PM2.5 in Beijing in 2013 was 68.6 ug/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;, and the average annual concentration of PM2.5 in 2017 was 69.4 ug/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;. More detailed model results will be presented.&lt;/p&gt;

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