scholarly journals Influence of Iron Plaque on Accumulation and Translocation of Cadmium by Rice Seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10307
Author(s):  
Abu Bakkar Siddique ◽  
Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Rafiqul Islam ◽  
Muhammad Tahir Shehzad ◽  
Bibhash Nath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Surface ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
Iron Plaque ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rice Tissues

This study investigated the impact of soil type and rice cultivars on variations in the iron plaque formation and cadmium (Cd) accumulation by different portions of rice seedlings under the influence of Fe amendment. The experiments were performed in pots under glasshouse conditions using two typical paddy soils. Rice seedlings were exposed to three concentrations of Cd (0, 1 and 3 mg kg−1 soil) and Fe (0, 1.0 and 2.0 g kg−1 soil). The results revealed that shoot biomass decreased by 12.2–23.2% in Quest and 12.8–30.8% in Langi in the Cd1.0 and Cd3.0 treatments, while shoot biomass increased by 11.2–19.5% in Quest and 26–43.3% in Langi in Fe1.0 and Fe2.0 as compared to the Fe control. The Cd concentration in the roots and shoots of rice seedlings were in the order of Langi cultivar > Quest cultivar, but the Fe concentration in rice tissues showed the reverse order. Fe plaque formations were promoted by Fe application, which was 7.8 and 10.4 times higher at 1 and 2 g kg−1 Fe applications compared to the control Fe treatment. The Quest cultivar exhibited 13% higher iron plaque formation capacity compared to the Langi cultivar in both soil types. These results indicate that enhanced iron plaque formation on the root surface was crucial to reduce the Cd concentration in rice plants, which could be an effective strategy to regulate grain Cd accumulation in rice plants.

scholarly journals Tolerance of Facultative Metallophyte Carlina acaulis to Cadmium Relies on Chelating and Antioxidative Metabolites

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sławomir Dresler ◽  
Maciej Strzemski ◽  
Jozef Kováčik ◽  
Jan Sawicki ◽  
Michał Staniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Adaptation Mechanism ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Hormetic Effect ◽  
Antioxidative Metabolites ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Anatomical Adaptation

The impact of long-term chronic cadmium stress (ChS, 0.1 µM Cd, 85 days) or short-term acute cadmium stress (AS, 10 µM Cd, 4 days) on Carlina acaulis (Asteraceae) metabolites was compared to identify specific traits. The content of Cd was higher under AS in all organs in comparison with ChS (130 vs. 16 µg·g−1 DW, 7.9 vs. 3.2 µg·g−1 DW, and 11.5 vs. 2.4 µg·g−1 DW in roots, leaves, and trichomes, respectively) while shoot bioaccumulation factor under ChS (ca. 280) indicates efficient Cd accumulation. High content of Cd in the trichomes from the AS treatment may be an anatomical adaptation mechanism. ChS evoked an increase in root biomass (hormesis), while the impact on shoot biomass was not significant in any treatment. The amounts of ascorbic acid and sum of phytochelatins were higher in the shoots but organic (malic and citric) acids dominated in the roots of plants from the ChS treatment. Chlorogenic acid, but not ursolic and oleanolic acids, was elevated by ChS. These data indicate that both chelation and enhancement of antioxidative power contribute to protection of plants exposed to long-term (chronic) Cd presence with subsequent hormetic effect.

scholarly journals Iron oxidation on the surface of adventitious roots and its relation to aerenchyma formation in rice genotypes

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marquel Jonas Holzschuh ◽  
Filipe Selau Carlos ◽  
Felipe de Campos Carmona ◽  
Humberto Bohnen ◽  
Ibanor Anghinoni
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Rice Genome ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
Iron Plaque ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Aerenchyma Formation ◽  
Free Oxygen ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Establishment of the water layer in an irrigated rice crop leads to consumption of free oxygen in the soil which enters in a chemical reduction process mediated by anaerobic microorganisms, changing the crop environment. To maintain optimal growth in an environment without O2, rice plants develop pore spaces (aerenchyma) that allow O2 transport from air to the roots. Carrying capacity is determined by the rice genome and it may vary among cultivars. Plants that have higher capacity for formation of aerenchyma should theoretically carry more O2 to the roots. However, part of the O2 that reaches the roots is lost due to permeability of the roots and the O2 gradient created between the soil and roots. The O2 that is lost to the outside medium can react with chemically reduced elements present in the soil; one of them is iron, which reacts with oxygen and forms an iron plaque on the outer root surface. Therefore, evaluation of the iron plaque and of the formation of pore spaces on the root can serve as a parameter to differentiate rice cultivars in regard to the volume of O2 transported via aerenchyma. An experiment was thus carried out in a greenhouse with the aim of comparing aerenchyma and iron plaque formation in 13 rice cultivars grown in flooded soils to their formation under growing conditions similar to a normal field, without free oxygen. The results indicated significant differences in the volume of pore spaces in the roots among cultivars and along the root segment in each cultivar, indicating that under flooded conditions the genetic potential of the plant is crucial in induction of cell death and formation of aerenchyma in response to lack of O2. In addition, the amount of Fe accumulated on the root surface was different among genotypes and along the roots. Thus, we concluded that the rice genotypes exhibit different responses for aerenchyma formation, oxygen release by the roots and iron plaque formation, and that there is a direct relationship between porosity and the amount of iron oxidized on the root surface.

Effects of nano-Fe3O4-modified biochar on iron plaque formation and Cd accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 260 ◽  
pp. 113970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Yi Zhang ◽  
Hang Zhou ◽  
Jiao-Feng Gu ◽  
Fang Huang ◽  
Wen-Jun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
Iron Plaque ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Modified Biochar ◽  
Nano Fe3o4

scholarly journals Influence of elemental sulfur on cadmium bioavailability, microbial community in paddy soil and Cd accumulation in rice plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Sun ◽  
Ke Song ◽  
Lizheng Shi ◽  
Dechao Duan ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Iron Plaque ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Rice Rhizosphere ◽  
Residue Decomposition ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Diffusive Gradients

AbstractCadmium (Cd) is highly toxic to living organisms and the contamination of Cd in paddy soil in China has received much attention. In the present study, by conducting pot experiment, the influence of S fertilizer (S0) on rice growth, iron plaque formation, Cd accumulation in rice plants and bacterial community in rice rhizosphere soil was investigated. The biomass of rice plants was significantly increased by S0 addition (19.5–73.6%). The addition of S0 increased the formation of iron plaque by 24.3–45.8%, meanwhile the amount of Cd sequestered on iron plaque increased. In soil treated with 5 mg/kg Cd, addition of 0.2 g/kg S0 decreased the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) extractable Cd by 60.0%. The application of S0 significantly decreased the concentration of Cd in rice grain by 12.1% (0.1 g/kg) and 36.6% (0.2 g/kg) respectively. The addition of S0 significantly increased the ratio of Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes in rice rhizosphere soil. Meanwhile, the ratio of Planctomycetes and Chloroflexi decreased. The results indicated that promoting Fe- and S-reducing and residue decomposition bacterial in the rhizosphere by S0 may be one biological reason for reducing Cd risk in the soil-rice system.

scholarly journals From Plant to Paddy—How Rice Root Iron Plaque Can Affect the Paddy Field Iron Cycling

Soil Systems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Maisch ◽  
Ulf Lueder ◽  
Andreas Kappler ◽  
Caroline Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Field ◽  
Iron Oxidation ◽  
Microbial Transformation ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
Iron Plaque ◽  
Iron Cycling ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Iron plaque on rice roots represents a sink and source of iron in paddy fields. However, the extent of iron plaque in impacting paddy field iron cycling is not yet fully deciphered. Here, we followed iron plaque formation during plant growth in laboratory-controlled setups containing a transparent soil matrix. Using image analysis, microsensor measurements, and mineral extractions, we demonstrate that radial oxygen loss (ROL) is the main driver for rhizosphere iron oxidation. While O2 was restricted to the vicinity of roots, root tips showed highest spatio-temporal variation in ROL (<5–50 µM) following diurnal patterns. Iron plaque covered >30% of the total root surface corresponding to 60–180 mg Fe(III) per gram dried root and gradually transformed from low-crystalline minerals (e.g., ferrihydrite) on root tips, to >20% higher-crystalline minerals (e.g., goethite) within 40 days. Iron plaque exposed to an Fe(III)-reducing Geobacter spp. culture resulted in 30% Fe(II) remobilization and >50% microbial transformation to Fe(II) minerals (e.g., siderite, vivianite, and Fe–S phases) or persisted by >15% as Fe(III) minerals. Based on the collected data, we estimated that iron plaque formation and reductive dissolution can impact more than 5% of the rhizosphere iron budget which has consequences for the (im)mobilization of soil contaminants and nutrients.

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