scholarly journals Morphometric and Structural Properties of a Sustainable Plant Biomass with Water Purification Potentials

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 11075
Author(s):  
Adeyemi O. Adeeyo ◽  
John O. Odiyo ◽  
Abimbola M. Enitan ◽  
Machawe M. Motsa ◽  
Titus A.M. Msagati ◽  
...  

The leaf, stem, and root of wild sesame with eco-physiological functions of water and mineral sorption were targeted for water treatment. Morphometric properties of the plant sections were investigated by light microscopy. Structural and surface characteristics of pulverized samples were studied by thermogravimetry (TGA), Raman spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and Scanning electron microscopy. Wettability and sorption potentials were studied by sessile drop analysis, while a methylene blue dye polluted water treated with the plant’s sorbents was assessed by UV–Vis spectroscopy. The presence of parenchyma cells, trichomes, vessels, fibres, cellulose, lignin, and other pore-containing structures was confirmed. The stem and root biomasses possessed comparatively higher pore sizes (0.011 and 0.124 µm, respectively), surface energy (33.32 and 31.8 mN/m), and dispersive components (32.45 and 31.65 mN/m). The leaf was high in polar components and had a biomass surface area of 3.19 m2/g. Water treated with the root and stem sorbents gave the lowest dye concentration (0.19 mg/L and 0.20 mg/L, respectively) in treated effluent at 120 mins. It was noted that eco-physiological properties informed water purification potentials of the sampled biomasses and could be used for bioprospecting of useful plant materials for water purification. This study established that functional components of plants, porous characteristics, and surface properties of the materials studied are important factors when considering plant sorbents for water purification.

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-414
Author(s):  
Yubin Zeng ◽  
Ziyang Zeng ◽  
Junlin Wang

The morphology and surface characteristics of manganese dioxide (MnO2) formed in situ, which was prepared through the oxidation of MnSO4 using KMnO4, were studied. The effects of factors including the form of MnO2, dosage, pH, dosing sequence of in situ MnO2 on the enhanced coagulation were systematically evaluated. The results of analysis by the UV254 and permanganate index CODMn methods indicated that humic acid removal increased from 9.2 and 2.5% to 55.0 and 38.9%, when 10 mg/L of the in situ MnO2 was added in the presence of 2 mg/L of polyaluminum sulfate. The studies of orthogonal experiment revealed that coagulation was most affected by the pH, whereas the dosage of in situ MnO2 and slow stirring duration exhibited a weaker effect. At a pH value of 4.0, in situ MnO2 dosage of 10 mg/L, slow stir over 40 min, and the total solids content was 20 mg/L, the humic acid removal by UV254 and CODMn methods reached 71.2 and 61.2%. These results indicated that the presence of in situ MnO2 enhanced the coagulation and removal of humic acid from water.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nur Iman Amir ◽  
Nurhidayatullaili Muhd Julkaplia ◽  
Saba Afzal

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are used enormously for treating wastewater pollutants due to their unique optoelectronic and physiochemical properties. Though, wide bandgap, fast recombination of e- - h+ pair, and low adsorption toward organic pollutants limit their applications. However, immobilization of TiO2 on Chitosan (Cs) is believed to overcome these limitations. Cs with plenty of NH2 and OH groups in their structure are expected to enhance their adsorption and consequently photocatalytic performance. A series of TiO2/Cs photocatalysts have been prepared using a chemical co-precipitation method. Amount of TiO2 is varied from 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 to 1.0 g. The photocatalysts are characterized by using FESEM-EDS, CHNS Elemental Analyser TGA, FTIR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. These characterization results revealed the formation of a good interface between TiO2 and Cs matrix. Increasing TiO2 content significantly increased the thermal stability of the photocatalyst up to 600ᵒC. The photocatalytic activity of Cs/TiO2 is observed under UV light which is found to be more significant with 1:1(TiO2: Cs) composition for the degradation of methylene blue dye at 85 % and be maintained up to 4 numbers of cycles. This demonstrated open new insight into the application of Cs as a support materials and adsorption agent in TiO2 based photocatalyst system


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanaraj sekar

Abstract A simple and eco-friendly method for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by ultrasound-assisted strategy using Barleria buxifolia leaf extract as a reducing and capping agent was established in this study. The obtained AgNPs were characterized. UV-vis spectrum, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analyzer (EDX), X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis showed that the obtained AgNPs were mono dispersed spheres with uniform size of 80 nm. UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR, and XRD analysis indicated that the surface of the obtained AgNPs was covered with organic molecules in plant extracts. The results of ABTS assays showed that high antioxidant activity was seen in the obtained AgNPs. Green synthesized AgNPs showed potent antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity against tested pathogens. Cytotoxicity assay showed that the obtained AgNPs were significantly cytotoxic to cancer cell line (MCF-7). In addition, the AgNPs synthesized in this paper can also photo catalytically degrade methylene blue dye under visible light. The potent bioactivity exhibited by the green synthesized silver nanoparticles leads towards the multiple use as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-biofilm, cytotoxic as well as photo catalytic agent.


2020 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Gennady Kalabin ◽  
Vasilii Vasil’ev ◽  
Vasilii Ivlev ◽  
Vasilii Babkin

Environmental monitoring and assessment of the prospects for extracting biologically active substances (BAS) from various types of plant biomass requires the development of simple and fast methods for measuring their content in raw materials. A new approach for measuring the content of various flavonoids groups in plant raw material using 1H NMR spectroscopy has been developed, which allows to characterize its resource capabilities and study the effects on their composition different environmental factors without complex sample preparation and standard samples.


2017 ◽  
Vol 751 ◽  
pp. 825-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phuri Kalnaowakul ◽  
Tonghathai Phairatana ◽  
Aphichart Rodchanarowan

In this study, the photocatalytic properties and morphology of TiO2, ZnO, Ag-graphene-zinc oxide (Ag-G-ZnO) and Ag-graphene-titanium dioxide (Ag-G-TiO2) nanocomposite were compared. The Ag-G-ZnO and Ag-G-TiO2 nanocomposite were successfully prepared by thermal decomposition of colloidal solution. These prepared composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy and photocatalytic activities. The results from XRD patterns show that Ag-G-TiO2 composites and the Ag-G-ZnO nanocomposites were in the form of fcc and hcp crystal structure, respectively. The SEM images show that at calcination of 500 °C for 3 h, the composite thin film of Ag-G-ZnO and Ag-G-TiO2 were homogenous. In the case of the photocatalytic experiments using methylene blue dye (MB) under UV irradiation, the order of the photocatalytic activities from high to low performances are Ag-G-ZnO, Ag-G-TiO2, ZnO and TiO2, respectively.


2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Pyo Lee ◽  
Shin-Jae Lee ◽  
Bum-Soon Lim ◽  
Sug-Joon Ahn

AbstractObjective: To test the hypothesis that there are no significant differences in the adhesion of mutans streptococci (MS) to various orthodontic materials based on their surface characteristics.Materials and Methods: Surface roughness (SR) and surface free energy (SFE) characteristics were investigated for nine different orthodontic materials (four orthodontic adhesives, three bracket raw materials, hydroxyapatite blocks, and bovine incisors) using confocal laser scanning microscopy and sessile drop method. Each material, except the bovine incisors, was incubated with whole saliva or phosphate-buffered saline for 2 hours. Adhesion assays were performed by incubating tritium-labeled MS with each material for 3 or 6 hours.Results: Orthodontic adhesives had higher SFE characteristics and lower SR than bracket materials. Orthodontic adhesives showed a higher MS retaining capacity than bracket materials, and MS adhesion to resin-modified glass ionomer and hydroxyapatite was highest. Extended incubation time increased MS adhesion, while saliva coating did not significantly influence MS adhesion. SFE, specifically its dispersive and polar components, was positively correlated with MS adhesion, irrespective of saliva coating.Conclusions: The hypothesis is rejected. This study suggests that SFE characteristics play an important role in the initial MS adhesion to orthodontic materials.


2020 ◽  
Vol 979 ◽  
pp. 175-179
Author(s):  
M. Nagalakshmi ◽  
N. Anusuya ◽  
S. Karuppuchamy

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles have been successfully prepared by biological method and the resulting material was characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDAX and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The synthesized TiO2 materials successfully degraded the methylene blue dye (MB) under UV light irradiation.


Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Temoor Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Shahid ◽  
Muhammad Noman ◽  
Muhammad Bilal Khan Niazi ◽  
Faisal Mahmood ◽  
...  

Amongst serious biotic factors deteriorating crop yield, the most destructive pathogen of rice is Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), which causes bacterial leaf blight (BLB) disease. This study involved targeted use of biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to control BLB in order to cope with the disadvantages of chemical disease control. AgNPs were biologically synthesized from natively isolated Bacillus cereus strain SZT1, which was identified through 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Synthesis of AgNPs in bacterial culture supernatant was confirmed through UV-VIS spectroscopy. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed that the existence of AgNPs was stabilized with proteins and alcoholic groups. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data revealed the crystalline nature and imaging with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), showing the spherical shape of AgNPs with particle sizes ranging from 18 to 39 nm. The silver presence in AgNPs was further confirmed by energy dispersive spectra. Biogenic AgNPs showed substantial antibacterial activity (24.21 ± 1.01 mm) for Xoo. In a pot experiment, AgNPs were found to be effective weapons for BLB by significantly increasing the plant biomass with a decreased cellular concentration of reactive oxygen species and increased concentration of antioxidant enzyme activity.


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