scholarly journals Trends of Studies on Controlled Halogenated Gases under International Conventions during 1999–2018 Using Bibliometric Analysis: A Global Perspective

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 806
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Hui-Zhen Fu ◽  
Jiaqi Xu ◽  
Danqi Wu ◽  
Yue Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
The United States ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Montreal Protocol ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Massachusetts Institute Of Technology ◽  
International Convention ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Ozone Depleting Substances

A lot of research on international convention-controlled halogenated gases (CHGs) has been carried out. However, few bibliometric analyses and literature reviews exist in this field. Based on 734 articles extracted from the Science Citation Index (SCI) Expanded database of the Web of Science, we provided the visualisation for the performance of contributors and trends in research content by using VOSviewer and Science of Science (Sci2). The results showed that the United States was the most productive country, followed by the United Kingdom and China. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration had the largest number of publications, followed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and the University of Bristol. In terms of disciplines, environmental science and meteorological and atmospheric science have contributed the most. By using cluster analysis of all keywords, four key research topics of CHGs were identified and reviewed: (1) emissions calculation, (2) physicochemical analysis of halocarbons, (3) evaluation of replacements, and (4) environmental impact. The change in research substances is closely related to the phase-out schedule of the Montreal Protocol. In terms of environmental impact, global warming has always been the most important research hotspot, whereas research on ozone-depleting substances and biological toxicity shows a gradually rising trend.

The Measurement Handicapping System of USYRU

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel D. Strohmeier
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Linear Measure ◽  
Massachusetts Institute ◽  
Massachusetts Institute Of Technology ◽  
Wind Velocities ◽  
Sailing Yacht ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Rule Making ◽  
Offshore Sailing

In 1976 the United States Yacht Racing Union mandated a new handicapping system for offshore sailing yachts. The purpose was to provide equitable racing among yachts of diverse designs, a feature not possible under the existing International Offshore Rule. Making full use of the Pratt Project for sailing yacht research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USYRU evolved the Measurement Handicap System, in which ratings are expressed, not in linear measure as in past rules, but in predicted speeds on various points of sailing and in different wind velocities. The MHS was first used in the 1978 Bermuda Race. A feature of MHS is a set of regulations to require adequate cruising accommodations.

Ferroelectricity: The Foundation of a Field from Form to Function

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 845-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.E. Newnham ◽  
L. Eric Cross
Keyword(s):  
Perovskite Structure ◽  
Mixed Oxides ◽  
The United States ◽  
Molecular Engineering ◽  
Temperature Phase ◽  
Massachusetts Institute Of Technology ◽  
Domain Structures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sonar Systems ◽  
Institute Of Technology

AbstractThis article highlights the major role Arthur von Hippel and the Laboratory for Insulation Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology played in the early development of the field of ferroelectricity in mixed oxides with the perovskite structure and, in particular, in the identification of ferroelectricity in barium titanate following its discovery in industrial laboratories in the United States during World War II.Very early optical and x-ray studies highlighted the characteristics of the ferroelectric domain structures in both ceramic and single-crystal BaTiO3, the elimination of domains at the Curie temperature TC, and the salient characteristics of the two low-temperature phase transitions. Perhaps the culmination of this work was the detailed studies of lamella 90° domains by Peter Forsbergh and the gorgeous patterns these could generate. This article also traces the manner in which the early studies contributed to whole industries based on perovskite ferroelectrics. The ceramic capacitor industry is now fabricating sophisticated, cofired multilayer capacitors (MLCs) with up to a thousand 1-µm-thick dielectric layers interleaved with base metal electrodes, addressing a market for some 1013 capacitors per year.Manufacturers of large piezoelectric transducers depend almost exclusively on perovskite-structure oxide ceramics. Navy sonar systems are major customers, but spinoff has occurred into a wide range of commercial and medical ultrasound systems. The capability of current materials has improved more than tenfold over the original BaTiO3 ceramics as a result of the effective application of molecular engineering, a strong testament to the insight of the founder of this area of study.

Role, Importance of ORIC and Entrepreneurship in Universities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bushra Wasim
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
The United States ◽  
Massachusetts Institute ◽  
Massachusetts Institute Of Technology ◽  
Entrepreneurial Universities ◽  
Transfer Policy ◽  
Institute Of Technology

The entrepreneurial universities aim to facilitate practical knowledge to students and industries to foster economic development. Many ideas were put forward to pioneer universities in the United States like Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Stanford, and establish a solid patent policy, technology transfer policy and Liaison between university and industry. The next great change occurred in Western Europe, with most of the universities transforming themselves into institutions supporting entrepreneurs. The last was the tip of the iceberg i.e. newly emerging economies helped these universities to reach their desired goal.

Book Reviews

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1049-1051
Keyword(s):  
Urban Youth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Massachusetts Institute Of Technology ◽  
Income Shocks ◽  
Disadvantaged Youth ◽  
Youth Outcomes ◽  
University Of Wisconsin ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Childhood Disadvantage

Carolyn J. Heinrich of University of Wisconsin, Madison reviews “The Problems of Disadvantaged Youth: An Economic Perspective” by Jonathan Gruber,. The EconLit Abstract of the reviewed work begins “Nine papers, originally presented at a conference held at Amelia Island Plantation in April 2007, examine the life prospects of disadvantaged youths from a public policy perspective and consider the extent to which interventions can alleviate the causal impacts of disadvantage on current and long-run youth outcomes. Papers discuss the behavioral consequences of prekindergarten participation for disadvantaged youth; whether gaining access to selective elementary schools is gaining ground--evidence from randomized lotteries; whether more compulsory schooling would help disadvantaged youth--evidence from recent changes to school-leaving laws; mental health in childhood and human capital; childhood disadvantage and obesity--whether nurture is trumping nature; socioeconomic disadvantage and early childbearing; parental income shocks and outcomes of disadvantaged youth in the United States; the role of religious and social organizations in the lives of disadvantaged youth; and neighborhood violence and urban youth. Gruber is Professor of Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Name and subject indexes.”

THE LEGAL ENVIRONMENT COMPONENT OF AN OIL SPILL CLEANUP MODEL

1981 ◽  
Vol 1981 (1) ◽  
pp. 695-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Nyhart ◽  
Harilaos N. Psaraftis ◽  
Walter S. Laird
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Legal Environment ◽  
Massachusetts Institute Of Technology ◽  
Delegation Of Authority ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Oil Spill Cleanup

ABSTRACT An oil spill and its cleanup can be viewed as occurring within a legal environment separable into categories including legal aspects of planning, response action, environmental protection, liability, and compensation. Each may provide enabling rules and constraints that affect the delegation of authority and responsibility to a range of actors. These include the spiller, terminal/facility owner, local emergency cleanup personnel, the Coast Guard, other government officers, volunteers, cleanup contractors, equipment manufacturers, and those damaged by the spill. This paper describes the legal components of an oil spill cleanup model being developed in a Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Sea Grant College Program project involving several representative actors from the above categories. It focuses on the relevant existing legal environment in the United States and its relationship to the different actors. It explores how these relationships, expressed as enabling rules or constraints, may be integrated into the project's strategic, tactical, operational, and damage assessment models.

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