scholarly journals The Drivers and Barriers of Corporate Social Responsibility: A Comparison of the MENA Region and Western Countries

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 909
Author(s):  
Amin Alizadeh

(1) Although numerous articles have been published to address the drivers or barriers of corporate social responsibility (CSR), some parts of the world have received less attention. In this study, I reviewed the literature from 2010 to 2021 to identify drivers and barriers of CSR in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and compare them with the findings in Western countries. (2) Methods: For this study, I used a structured literature review method. By setting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, only 28 articles remained from the selected database. (3) Results: The findings revealed that some CSR drivers, such as leadership styles, profitability, reputation, moral commitment, and environmental conservation, are common in both regions. There are also some differences between CSR drivers, for example, religious beliefs, low concentration of ownership, and company characteristics are some of the drivers in the MENA region. Maintaining social license to operate, and avoiding the risks of community opposition, pressure from the government, and consumer demand tend to be more important in Western countries. Common barriers in both regions are lack of financial resources, cost, lack of CSR knowledge and awareness, and ownership concentration. This review also highlighted that lack of law enforcement, lack of stakeholder communication, lack of management commitment, lack of interests, corruption, and financial debts are some of the barriers of CSR addressed in the MENA region, whereas cost/benefit ratio, lack of customer interest, and lack of scientific frameworks are special barriers in Western countries. (4) Conclusions: Although researchers in Western countries have more focus on the energy sector, there is a lack of research about the drivers and barriers of CSR in the MENA region in several industries, including oil and gas.

Author(s):  
Amin Alizadeh

Although numerous articles have been published to address drivers or barriers of corporate social responsibility (CSR), some parts of the world have received less attention. In this study, I reviewed the literature, from 2010 to 2021, to identify drivers and barriers of CSR in the the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and compare them with the findings in western countries. (2) Methods: For this study, I used a structured literature review method. By setting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, only 28 articles remained from selected database; (3) Results: The findings revealed some CSR drivers, such as leadership styles, profitability, reputation, moral commitment, and environmental conservation are common in both regions. There are also some differences between CSR drivers, for example religious beliefs, low concentration of ownership, and company characteristics are some of the drivers in the MENA region. Maintaining social license to operate, avoiding the risks of community opposition, pressure from the government, and consumer demand tend to be more important in western countries. Common barriers in both regions are lack of financial resources, cost, lack of CSR knowledge and awareness, and ownership concentration. This review also highlighted that lack of law enforcement, lack of stakeholder communication, lack of management commitment, lack of interests, corruption, and financial debts are some of the addressed barriers of CSR in the MENA region, while cost/benefit ratio, lack of customer interest, and lack of scientific frameworks are the special barriers in western countries. (4) Conclusions: While researchers in western countries have more focus on energy sector, there is a lack of research about drivers and barriers of CSR in the MENA region in several industries, including oil and gas.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ester Sarah Feronika ◽  
Khairani Rahma Silva ◽  
Santoso Tri Raharjo ◽  
Risna Resnawaty

Perjalanan Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) di dunia sejak tahun 1970-an telah mengalami banyak perkembangan, sebagaimana pula di Indonesia. CSR kini tidak lagi hanya sekedar etika bisnis semata, tetapi CSR telah payung dan berkembangan dengan berbagai pendekatan baik politik, ekonomi, maupun kepentingan sosial. Seringkali CSR hanya menjadi salah cara untuk memperkuat citra perusahaan, atau kepentingan politik sebuah brand tertentu. Salah satu isu yang ditangani kepedulian Progam CSR adalah mengatasi persoalan lingkungan, baik mengatasi kerusahan lingkungan maupun  pemeliharaan lingkungan; selain isu peningkatan sumber daya manusia di bidang pendidikan, peningkatan usaha ekonomi, dan dukungan kesehatan. Beragam cara implementasi CSR diterapkan dengan berbagai jenis inovasinya masing-masing demi manfaat bagi lingkungan sekitar. Umumnya, bentuk CSR dapat berupa penggalangan dana, pemberian bantuan fasilitas, atau sarana dan prasarana pendukung untuk kemajuan sebuah kawasan atau komunitas tertentu. Upaya CSR pelestarian lingkungan dilakukan khususnya pada industri ekstraktif,  yaitu perusahaan yang beroperasi dengan memanfaatkan sumber daya alam. Mereka berupaya meminimalisasi dampak kerusakan yang timbul pada kerusakan kelestarian lingkungan, yang mungkin dapat mengganggu kehidupan sosial masyarakat. Eksploitasi yang yang belerbihan akan merusak ekosistem, hingga akhirnya dapat mengancam kegiatan perekonomian masyarakat. Pemerintah di setiap negara mendorong pada setiap perusahaan/ industri ekstraktif untuk melakukan tanggung jawab sosialnya dalam bidang lingkungan, sehingga di masa depan akan semakin banyak perusahaan peduli terhadap lingkungan. Begitu pentingnya isu lingkungan, sebagian besar pemerintahan di berbagai negara mengeluarkan berbagai kebijakan khusus berkenaan implementasi CSR peduli lingkungan. The journey of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the world since the 1970s has experienced many developments, as well as in Indonesia. CSR is no longer just a mere business ethics, but CSR has been an umbrella and developed with variou s approaches both political, economic, and social interests. Often CSR is just a way to strengthen the company's image, or the political interests of a particular brand. One of the issues addressed by CSR Program concerns is overcoming environmental proble ms, both overcoming environmental problems and environmental preservation; in addition to the issue of increasing human resources in the field of education, increasing economic effort, and health support. Different ways of implementing CSR are implemented with different types of innovations each for the benefit of the surrounding environment. Generally, the form of CSR can be in the form of fundraising, providing assistance facilities, or supporting facilities and infrastructure for the progress of a partic ular region or community. Environmental conservation CSR efforts are carried out especially in extractive industries, namely companies that operate by utilizing natural resources. They try to minimize the impact of damage arising from damage to environment al sustainability, which may be able to disrupt people's social lives. Excessive exploitation will damage the ecosystem, which in turn can threaten the economic activities of the community. The government in each country encourages each extractive company / industry to carry out its social responsibilities in the environmental field, so that in the future more and more companies will care about the environment. Once the importance of environmental issues, most governments in various countries issued various specific policies regarding the implementation of CSR care for the environment 


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moh. Badrus Solichin

Public relation is a communication activity that aims to build good image of company. Furthermore public relation is a planning that uses persuasive communication to influence society perception and a planning to influence society perception through the implementation of social responsibility program based on interrelationship communication to achieve the goodness between each other. As communication instrument with public, company social responsibility to society or well known as corporate social responsibility (CSR) is used to share positive effect of company for local society environment, environmental conservation activity and the result to the public. Respond and view to the company responsibility from several parts, costumer and society are used to be feedback to change company approach in managing environment and to improve company image that will influence on company profit improvement.Keywords: Public relation, Company image, corporate social responsibility.  


Author(s):  
Nor Hadi ◽  
Udin Udin

This article is intended to empirically test the effectiveness of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) dimension of assistance to Small Business Entrepreneurs (SMEs) under companies’ guidance of Semen Indonesia in Central and East Java. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) implementation for Small Business Entrepreneurs (SMEs), besides as a social contract implementation, is also an effort to increase legitimacy. This study is essential to obtain effective and relevant CSR dimensions recommended for the SME empowering program. The study was conducted at SMEs domiciled around the mining area and the cement factory. Out of 250 SMEs, 92 SMEs were involved in this study. The research data was primary, including respondents’ opinions, where the data were taken using survey and interview procedures. Data analysis using statistics was a factorial analysis. The results showed that of the eight programs included in CSR in the field of assistance for empowering SMEs, two were effective for empowering SMEs: (1) low-cost revolving funds and (2) production equipment assistance for SMEs. Meanwhile, six other CSR programs showed ineffectiveness: (1) mentoring, (2) marketing, (3) ease of procedure and relief of loan terms, (4) education and training, (5) accessibility of obtaining loans, and (6) the involvement of parties in the implementation of CSR. It indicated that the six CSR programs were not effective in helping to build image and legitimacy. The results of the research make an important contribution to the government and corporations and show that the construction of CSR programs must give attention to the real conditions and needs of SMEs in order to achieve effectiveness in solving problems by SMEs. Especially for the government, regulations are needed that can systemically encourage companies to implement CSR. This research still has limitations, therefore further research should be developed, especially in the area of empirical testing related to the contextual dimensions of CSR that are relevant to assisted stakeholders. Development-based research should be considered.


2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Xu ◽  
Sang-Ho Lee

Abstract This study investigates government public policies facing competing firms’ strategic corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities and finds that the choice of CSR crucially depends on corporate profit tax. We demonstrate that strategic CSR decreases while social welfare increases with corporate tax. When the government grants uniform output subsidies, we show that bilateral CSR leads to a lower CSR level than under unilateral CSR but bilateral CSR is always beneficial to society. However, when the government grants discriminatory output subsidies which yield different levels of unilateral CSR, we show that domestic CSR leads to a lower CSR level than under foreign CSR. In an endogenous CSR choice game, domestic CSR (no CSR) is a Nash equilibrium when corporate tax is low (high) under the uniform subsidy, while foreign CSR could be a Nash equilibrium when corporate tax is low under the discriminatory subsidy.


Author(s):  
Nayan Mitra

AbstractCorporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is like a chameleon, that changes its colour according to the context it is in. In the developed economy, it takes the form of sustainability and/ or philanthropy, whereas, in emerging economies, it speaks the language of religious, political and/ or mandated CSR. India, in recent times came into the limelight with its mandated CSR policy that was incorporated into its Companies Act 2013, which became operational from the financial year 2014 - 2015. Mandated CSR is thus a new area of study that is based on the philosophy that ‘CSR should contribute to the national agenda in emerging economies,’ under some statutory guidelines as laid down by the Government.But, business houses, do look for maximising its profit. Profit can be financial and/ or non-financial. If not money, then at least the effort must be compensated with reputation, image, that helps in brand building! And, to have this as an objective, their efforts should be strategic! But, does all strategies work? With these questions and conceptual thinking, this empirical research aims to identify the key aspects of Strategic Management, CSR and Firm Performance and establish relationship between them; apart from developing a valid and reliable scale to do so. This is indeed one of the first researches and documentations done among the large Indian firms in India immediately in the post mandate period and thus forms a base for understanding the CSR dynamics in the years to come.


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