An IoT-Based Encapsulated Design System for Rapid Model Identification of Plant Development

Actual and upcoming climate changes will evidently have the largest impact on agriculture crop cultivation in terms of reduced harvest, increased costs, and necessary deviations from traditional farming. The aggravating factor for the successful applications of precision and predictive agriculture is the lack of granulated historical data due to slow, year-round cycles of crops, as a prerequisite for further analysis and modeling. A methodology of plant growth observation with the rapid performance of experiments is presented in this paper. The proposed system enables the collection of data with respect to various climate conditions, which are artificially created and permuted in the encapsulated design, suitable for further correlation with plant development identifiers. The design is equipped with a large number of sensors and connected to the central database in a computer cloud, which enables the interconnection and coordination of multiple geographically distributed devices and related experiments in a remote, autonomous, and real-time manner. Over 40 sensors and up to 24 yearly harvests per device enable the yearly collection of approximately 750,000 correlated database entries, which it is possible to independently stack with higher numbers of devices. Such accumulated data is exploited to develop mathematical models of wheat in different growth stages by applying the concepts of artificial intelligence and utilizing them for the prediction of crop development and harvest.

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Impact of potato psyllid density and timing of infestation on Zebra chip disease expression in potato plants

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/186/2015-pps ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 52 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 262-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gao Feng ◽

Zhao Zi-Hua ◽

Jifon John ◽

Liu Tong-Xian

Keyword(s):

Tuber Yield ◽

Potato Crop ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Potato Psyllid ◽

Zebra Chip ◽

Potato Plants ◽

Zebra Chip Disease ◽

Crop Development ◽

The Impact ◽

Different Growth Stages

The impact of vector density and timing of infestation on potato were investigated. Healthy potato plants at different growth stages (4, 5, and 7 weeks after germination) were exposed separately to four different B. cockerelli densities (0, 5, 20, and 40 psyllids per cage) in field cages and Zebra chip (ZC) symptoms, leaf photosynthetic rates, tuber yield, and total nonstructural carbohydrate accumulation in leaves and tubers of healthy and B. cockerelli-infested plants were monitored. Potato psyllid nymph and egg populations reached a seasonal peak at 6 weeks after the exposure to insect. Younger plants at 4-week growth stage after germination were more susceptible to B. cockerelli infestation and ZC expression than older plants. As few as five B. cockerelli adults were enough to transmit the ZC pathogen and cause ZC expression both in foliage and tuber. At the density of 20 psyllids per cage, more than 50% of plants showed ZC symptoms in tubers. Furthermore, B. cockerelli infestation reduced leaf photosynthesis rates (P<sub>n</sub>), resulting in less starch and more reducing sugars in tubers, and hence reduced tuber weight and yield, especially when psyllid infestation occurred at the early growth stages. The results indicate that early B. cockerelli infestation of younger plants was associated with more severe ZC expression in both foliage and tubers, leading to earlier dead plants. The data suggest that strategies for controlling B. cockerelli during early potato crop development could thus lessen the severity of ZC development.

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Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity, Fat-Soluble Micronutrients and Glucosinolates at Different Growth Stages of a Commonly-Consumed Asian Brassica Vegetable

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa045_079 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 446-446

Author(s):

Choon Nam Ong ◽

Wee Kee Tan ◽

Chiang Shiong Loh

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Plant Development ◽

Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Mature Stage ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Vitamin K1 ◽

Leaf Stage ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Different Growth Stages

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to systematically investigate a comprehensive list of bioactive components in a commonly consumed Asian leafy vegetable, Brassica rapa. They included polyphenols, fat soluble micronutrients such as carotenoids, tocopherols and phylloquinone, and various glucosinolates (GLs), in addition to the total antioxidant capacity, at three different growth stages. Methods Phenolic compounds were measured using C-18 HPLC/MS. Carotenoids, vitamin E and phylloquinone (vitamin K1) were detected using RP-30-HPLC/MS. Glucosinolates were determined using HILIC-HPLC/MS. Different AOX capacities were assessed either using UV-Visible or Fluorescent Spectrophotometer. Results Phenolic compounds, such as total flavonoid and hydroxycinnamic acids, were highest at 3-leaf stage and significantly lower in mature plant. The main carotenoids, lutein and β-carotene, remained the same throughout the different growth stages. However, violaxanthin, neoxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin were higher also at 3-leaf stage, and decrease gradually with growth. In contrast, tocopherol concentration continued to increase and was highest at mature stage. There was little change for phylloquinone (vitamin K1) throughout the three studied stages. For the unique components in Brassicaeae, both dominating aliphatic and indolic-GLs concentrations were significantly higher at 1-leaf stage than at mature stage ( > 30x), whereas the aromatic GLs, although of much lower concentrations, continued to increase throughout the growth, and with highest amount at mature stage, suggesting that there is metabolic pathway shift of these secondary metabolites during plant development. In general, antioxidant capacity measured using Scavenging of DPPH radicals, Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity and Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity suggested that there was an insignificant increase of total antioxidant content from seedling to mature vegetable. Conclusions The overall findings suggest that most of the nutritional active bio-components were higher at younger stages, either at 1-leaf or 3-leaf stage, except α-tocopherol, with continual accumulation during plant development. These comprehensive profiles of various nutrients should be valuable to the nutritional community. Funding Sources National Research Foundation, Prime Minister's Office, Singapore.

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Alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) shoot saponins: identification and bio-activity by the assessment of aphid feeding

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114510003120 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 105 (1) ◽

pp. 62-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

H. Mazahery-Laghab ◽

B. Yazdi-Samadi ◽

M. Bagheri ◽

A. R. Bagheri

Keyword(s):

Plant Development ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Biological Role ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Medicagenic Acid ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Different Growth Stages

Biochemical components in alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.), such as saponins, can act as protecting factors against bio-stresses. Saponins are also antifeedants and show oral toxicity towards higher and lower animals. Changes in saponins, such as variation in the carbon skeleton, or hydrolysis of saponin glycosides and other conjugates, may change their biological effects. The aims of this research were to study saponin variation in different growth stages of alfalfa and to investigate the biological role of saponins in the spotted alfalfa aphid,Therioaphis maculata. Saponins from alfalfa shoots in different growth stages were extracted, chemically purified and analysed by TLC. Specific saponins such as soyasaponin1 from root and shoot and two bisdesmosides of medicagenic acid, one from shoot and another from root tissues, were identified using reference compounds allowing changes in saponin composition during plant development in different shoot tissues of alfalfa to be assessed. The response of the alfalfa aphid to feeding on alfalfa in different growth stages was studied. No significant difference in the survival of aphids, from neonate to adult, was observed, but due to the antibiotic effects of saponins, two differences were found in the onset of nymph production and cumulative nymph production. The results show that the saponin composition in alfalfa changes with plant development and this, in turn, can often negatively affect the development of specific insect pests such as the spotted alfalfa aphid, suggesting a possible biological role of alfalfa saponins.

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