Lowering the Toxicity of Cd to Theobroma cacao Using Soil Amendments Based on Commercial Charcoal and Lime

Carbonaceous and calcareous materials are commonly used as amendments to decrease the Cd mobility in contaminated soils. This study evaluated the effect of amendments applied to cocoa seedlings in the greenhouse, considering the mobilization of soil cadmium toward the seedlings as the main response. The experimental conditions considered soil artificially contaminated with Cd at a concentration of 50 mg Cd kg−1 and applications of amendments in different treatments with the presence of charcoal dust and calcium carbonate. The charcoal was characterized by microscopy and by adsorption tests, and it proved to be a material with macropores, with a maximum capacity of 8.06 mg Cd g−1 and favorable kinetic behavior according to the adjustment of the data obtained to the pseudo-second-order model. The results also showed that the application of liming decreased the mobility of Cd toward the seedlings, with the liming combined with charcoal leading to the absence of Cd in the cocoa seedlings, considering a residual concentration of Cd in the soil of 35 mg Cd kg−1. The results, although limited to a small scale, demonstrated the possibility of applying low-cost and easy-to-handle amendments for the control of Cd in cocoa plantations.

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Preparation of cationic waste paper and its application in poisonous dye removal

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2013.140 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 67 (11) ◽

pp. 2560-2567 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Fan Yang ◽

Xiaojie Song ◽

Lifeng Yan

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Aqueous Suspension ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Acid Orange 7 ◽

Anionic Dyes ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Adsorption Models ◽

Acid Orange ◽

Initial Ph ◽

Pseudo Second Order

Cationic paper was prepared by reaction of paper with 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride in aqueous suspension, and tested as low-cost adsorbent for wastewater treatment. The experimental results revealed that anionic dyes (Acid Orange 7, Acid Red 18, and Acid Blue 92) were adsorbed on the cationic paper nicely. The maximum amount of dye Acid Orange 7 adsorbed on cationic paper was 337.2 mg/g in experimental conditions. The effects of initial dye concentration, temperature, and initial pH of dye solution on adsorption capacity of cationic paper were studied. The pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were applied to describe the kinetic data. The Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models were used to describe adsorption equilibrium. The thermodynamic data indicated that the adsorption process of dye on cationic paper occurred spontaneously.

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Removal of Methylene Blue Dye by Using Eggshell Powder

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v65.1648 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Norzita Ngadi ◽

Chin Chiek Ee ◽

Nor Aida Yusoff

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Textile Industry ◽

Low Cost ◽

Kinetic Studies ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Blue Dye ◽

Dye Wastewater ◽

Order Model ◽

Aquatic Life ◽

Pseudo Second Order

Dyes contain carcinogenic materials which can cause serious hazards to aquatic life and the users of water. Textile industry is the main source of dye wastewater which results in environmental pollution. Many studies have been conducted to investigate the use of low cost adsorbent as an alternative technique for the adsorption of dye. The objective of this study is to determine the potential of eggshell powder as an adsorbent for methylene blue removal and find out the best operating conditions for the color adsorption at laboratory scale. The adsorption of cationic methylene blue from aqueous solution onto the eggshell powder was carried out by varying the operating parameters which were contact time, pH, dosage of eggshell powder and temperature in order to study their effect in adsorption capacity of eggshell powder. The results obtained showed that the best operating condition for removal of methylene blue was at pH 10 (78.98 %) and temperature 50°C (47.37 %) by using 2 g of eggshell powder (57.03 %) with 30 minutes equilibrium time (41.36 %). The kinetic studies indicated that pseudo-second-order model best described the adsorption process.

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Synthesis Fe3O4/Talc nanocomposite by coprecipition-ultrasonication method and advances in hexavalent chromium removal from aqueous solution

Adsorption Science & Technology ◽

10.1177/0263617420969112 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (9-10) ◽

pp. 483-501

Author(s):

Nguyen Thi Huong ◽

Nguyen Ngoc Son ◽

Vo Hoang Phuong ◽

Cong Tien Dung ◽

Pham Thi Mai Huong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Adsorption Process ◽

Low Cost ◽

Batch Experiments ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Order Model ◽

X Ray ◽

Pseudo Second Order ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Langmuir And Freundlich Equations

The Fe3O4/Talc nanocomposite was synthesized by the coprecipitation-ultrasonication method. The reaction was carried out under a inert gas environment. The nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and vibrating sample magnetometry techniques (VSM), the surface area of the nanoparticles was determined to be 77.92 m2/g by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method (BET). The kinetic data showed that the adsorption process fitted with the pseudo-second order model. Batch experiments were carried out to determine the adsorption kinetics and mechanisms of Cr(VI) by Fe3O4/Talc nanocomposite. The adsorption process was found to be highly pH-dependent, which made the material selectively adsorb these metals from aqueous solution. The isotherms of adsorption were also studied using Langmuir and Freundlich equations in linear forms. It is found that the Langmuir equation showed better linear correlation with the experimental data than the Freundlich. The thermodynamics of Cr(VI) adsorption onto the Fe3O4/Talc nanocomposite indicated that the adsorption was exothermic. The reusability study has proven that Fe3O4/Talc nanocomposite can be employed as a low-cost and easy to separate.

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Preparation of bio-based magnetic adsorbent and application for efficient removal of Cd(II) from water

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2018.007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 77 (5) ◽

pp. 1313-1323 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jianjun Zhou ◽

Xionghui Ji ◽

Xiaohui Zhou ◽

Jialin Ren ◽

Yaochi Liu

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Adsorption Process ◽

Low Cost ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Magnetic Adsorbent ◽

Order Model ◽

Efficient Removal ◽

Adsorption Ability ◽

Adsorption Sites ◽

Pseudo Second Order

Abstract A novel magnetic bio-adsorbent (MCIA) was developed, characterized and tested for its Cd(II) removal from aqueous solution. MCIA could be easily separated from the solution after equilibrium adsorption due to its super-paramagnetic property. The functional and magnetic bio-material was an attractive adsorbent for the removal of Cd(II) from aqueous solution owing to the abundant adsorption sites, amino-group and oxygen-containing groups on the surface of Cyclosorus interruptus. The experimental results indicated that the MCIA exhibited excellent adsorption ability and the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. The adsorption isotherm was consistent with the Langmuir model. The adsorption kinetic fitted the pseudo-second-order model very well. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cd(II) onto MCIA was 40.8, 49.4, 54.6 and 56.6 mg/g at 293, 303, 313 and 323 K, respectively. And the MCIA exhibited an excellent reusability and impressive regeneration. Therefore, MCIA could serve as a sustainable, efficient and low-cost magnetic adsorbent for Cd(II) removal from aqueous solution.

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Highly effective removal of Cu(II) in aqueous solution by using mesoporous TiO2

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2019.327 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 80 (5) ◽

pp. 884-891

Author(s):

Daying Chen ◽

Nasi Tu ◽

Changkun Si ◽

Meilin Yin ◽

Xiaohui Wang

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Low Cost ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Mesoporous Tio2 ◽

Adsorption Efficiency ◽

Batch Experiments ◽

Order Model ◽

Effective Removal ◽

Pseudo Second Order ◽

Gel Processing

Abstract Mesoporous TiO2 has been prepared by a brief and simple sol–gel processing and applied for the removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solution. The adsorption behavior of mesoporous TiO2 for Cu(II) was investigated using batch experiments. Results showed that the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir isotherm were more accurate to describe the kinetics process and adsorption isotherm. Mesoporous TiO2 adsorbent displayed excellent Cu(II) adsorption efficiency (195.52mg g−1). The thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. It was also found that mesoporous TiO2 could be used at least seven times without obvious loss of its original adsorption efficiency. Therefore, the obtained mesoporous TiO2 could be employed as an effective and low-cost adsorbent for removal of Cu(II) from contaminated effluents.

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Simultaneous Adsorption of Cr(VI) and Phenol from Binary Mixture Using Iron Incorporated Rice Husk: Insight to Multicomponent Equilibrium Isotherm

International Journal of Chemical Engineering ◽

10.1155/2016/7086761 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ankur Gupta ◽

Chandrajit Balomajumder

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Low Cost ◽

Binary Solution ◽

Multicomponent System ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Order Model ◽

Adsorption Isotherm Models ◽

Pseudo Second Order

Fe modified rice husk was prepared as a low cost biosorbent for the removal of Cr(VI) and phenol both singly and in combination from single and binary simulated synthetic waste water. Rice husk was modified by treating with FeSO4·7H2O. The results showed that impregnation of iron onto the surface of rice husk improved the adsorption capability of both Cr(VI) and phenol. The effects of process parameters for multicomponent system such as pH, adsorbent dose, and contact time onto the percentage removal of both Cr(VI) and phenol were investigated. The experimental data for the adsorption of both Cr(VI) and phenol onto the surface of Fe modified rice husk applied to various kinetic and adsorption isotherm models. Multicomponent isotherm models such as Nonmodified Langmuir, Modified Langmuir, Extended Langmuir, Extended Freundlich, Competitive Nonmodified Redlich Peterson, Competitive Modified Redlich Peterson were applied. The results show that Extended Freundlich model best described the experimental data for both Cr(VI) and phenol from binary solution. Pseudo second-order model agreed well with Cr(VI) while pseudo first-order model agreed well with phenol. Maximum adsorption capacity in synthetic binary solution of Cr(VI) and phenol was found to be 36.3817 mg g−1for Cr(VI) and 6.569 mg g−1for phenol, respectively.

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Adsorption of bisphenol A on oil palm biomass activated carbon: characterization, isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic studies

Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry ◽

10.33263/briac95.217224 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 4217-4224 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Low Cost ◽

Endocrine System ◽

Order Model ◽

Oil Palm Trunk ◽

Palm Shell ◽

Langmuir Isotherm Model ◽

Pseudo Second Order ◽

The Fourier Transform ◽

Kinetic And Thermodynamic Studies

Bispheol A (BPA) is one of the new emerging pollutants that frequently utilized in many industries. BPA is a chemical that indisputable can mimic human estrogen and disrupt the endocrine system. Thus, two low-cost adsorbents (oil palm trunk and palm shell) with various physicochemical parameters were analyzed for the removal of BPA. The most favorable pH for adsorption was found to be pH 3 (75% and 77%), the adsorbent dosage was 0.1 g (76% and 78%), while temperature was 25oC (76% and 78%) and agitation speed was 150 rpm (77% and 77%) for both oil palm trunk and palm shell. It was found that the best correlation with the experimental data of BPA adsorption was the Langmuir isotherm model, while the kinetic study could be well described with the pseudo-second-order model. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) were carried out to understand the functional groups, morphology, and surface area of oil palm trunk and palm shell on adsorption of BPA.

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Hen feather a bio-waste material for adsorptive removal of methyl red dye from aqueous solutions

H2Open Journal ◽

10.2166/h2oj.2021.123 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Samina Zaman ◽

Md. Nayeem Mehrab ◽

Md. Shahnul Islam ◽

Gopal Chandra Ghosh ◽

Tapos Kumar Chakraborty

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solutions ◽

Contact Time ◽

Low Cost ◽

Freundlich Isotherm ◽

Methyl Red ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Potential Applicability ◽

Pseudo Second Order ◽

Red Dye ◽

Adsorbent Dose

Abstract This study investigates the potential applicability of hen feather (HF) to remove methyl red (MR) dye from aqueous solution with the variation of experimental conditions: contact time (1–180 min), pH (4–8), initial dye concentration (5–50 mg/L) and adsorbent dose (3–25 g/L). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) evaluate the surface morphology and chemistry of HF, respectively. The maximum removal of MR by HF was 92% when the optimum conditions were initial MR dye concentration 05 mg/L, pH 4.0, adsorbent dose 07.0 g/L and 90.0 min equilibrium contact time. Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.98) was more suited than Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.96) for experimental data, and the highest monolayer adsorption capacity was 6.02 mg/g. The kinetics adsorption data fitted well to pseudo-second-order model (R2 = 0.999) and more than one process were involved during the adsorption mechanism but film diffusion was the potential rate-controlling step. The findings of the study show that HF is a very effective and low-cost adsorbent for removing MR dye from aqueous solutions.

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Chlorates(VII) removal on Dowex™PSR-2 resin

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska sectio AA – Chemia ◽

10.17951/aa.2016.71.1.105 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 105

Author(s):

Dorota Kołodyńska ◽

Aleksandra Łyko ◽

Marzena Gęca ◽

Zbigniew Hubicki

Keyword(s):

Solution Concentration ◽

Intraparticle Diffusion ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

Order Model ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Freundlich Model ◽

Rate Limiting Step ◽

Limiting Step ◽

Pseudo Second Order ◽

Rate Limiting

Lately there has been observed the increased presence of chlorates(VII) in the natural environment which can affect human health negatively. Therefore the removal of chlorate(VII) ions using the gel type resin functionalized with the tri-n-butyl ammonium (Dowex™PSR-2) from waters was studied. The main aim was to evaluate the effects of experimental conditions including contact time, initial solution concentration, pH and temperature on chlorate(VII) ions removal as well as the anion exchanger properties on chlorate(VII) ions sorption. It was found that only the pseudo second order model described the experimental data well and the intraparticle diffusion was not the rate-limiting step. According to the Freundlich model, the qe value was to be 69.26 mg/g at optimum conditions (pH 7.0 at 25 oC).

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Highly Effective Covalently Crosslinked Composite Alginate Cryogels for Cationic Dye Removal

Gels ◽

10.3390/gels7040178 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 178

Author(s):

Serap Sezen ◽

Vijay Kumar Thakur ◽

Mehmet Murat Ozmen

Keyword(s):

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Dye Removal ◽

Low Cost ◽

Dye Adsorption ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

High Porosity ◽

Order Model ◽

Removal Capacity ◽

Pseudo Second Order ◽

The One

Currently, macroporous hydrogels have been receiving attention in wastewater treatment due to their unique structures. As a natural polymer, alginate is used to remove cationic dyes due to its sustainable features such as abundance, low cost, processability, and being environmentally friendly. Herein, alginate/montmorillonite composite macroporous hydrogels (cryogels) with high porosity, mechanical elasticity, and high adsorption yield for methylene blue (MB) were generated by the one-step cryogelation technique. These cryogels were synthesized by adding montmorillonite into gel precursor, followed by chemical cross-linking employing carbodiimide chemistry in a frozen state. The as-prepared adsorbents were analyzed by FT-IR, SEM, gel fraction, swelling, uniaxial compression, and MB adsorption tests. The results indicated that alginate/montmorillonite cryogels exhibited high gelation yield (up to 80%), colossal water uptake capacity, elasticity, and effective dye adsorption capacity (93.7%). Maximum adsorption capacity against MB was 559.94 mg g−1 by linear regression of Langmuir model onto experimental data. The Pseudo-Second-Order model was fitted better onto kinetic data compared to the Pseudo-First-Order model. Improved porosity and mechanical elasticity yielding enhanced dye removal capacity make them highly potential alternative adsorbents compared to available alginate/montmorillonite materials for MB removal.

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