scholarly journals Key Global Actions for Mycotoxin Management in Wheat and Other Small Grains

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 725
Author(s):  
John F. Leslie ◽  
Antonio Moretti ◽  
Ákos Mesterházy ◽  
Maarten Ameye ◽  
Kris Audenaert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Nominal Group ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Epidemiological Models ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Small Grains ◽  
Standing Problem ◽  
Animal Consumption

Mycotoxins in small grains are a significant and long-standing problem. These contaminants may be produced by members of several fungal genera, including Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Claviceps, and Penicillium. Interventions that limit contamination can be made both pre-harvest and post-harvest. Many problems and strategies to control them and the toxins they produce are similar regardless of the location at which they are employed, while others are more common in some areas than in others. Increased knowledge of host-plant resistance, better agronomic methods, improved fungicide management, and better storage strategies all have application on a global basis. We summarize the major pre- and post-harvest control strategies currently in use. In the area of pre-harvest, these include resistant host lines, fungicides and their application guided by epidemiological models, and multiple cultural practices. In the area of post-harvest, drying, storage, cleaning and sorting, and some end-product processes were the most important at the global level. We also employed the Nominal Group discussion technique to identify and prioritize potential steps forward and to reduce problems associated with human and animal consumption of these grains. Identifying existing and potentially novel mechanisms to effectively manage mycotoxin problems in these grains is essential to ensure the safety of humans and domesticated animals that consume these grains.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF INORGANIC AND ORGANIC SOURCES OF NUTRIENTS ON NPK UPTAKE BY AMBRETTE AND ITS POST-HARVEST SOIL NPK STATUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Npk Uptake ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Pressmud Compost

The roots, leaves and seeds of ambrette are considered as valuable traditional medicines. The bitter, sweet, acrid, aromatic seeds are used as tonic and are considered to possess cooling, aphrodisiac, ophthalmic, cardiotonic, digestive, stomachiecm carminative, pectoral diuretic, stimulant, antispasmodic and deodorant properties. Crop removes nutrients continuously from soil and therefore, their replenishment though fertilizers and manures are essential. To find out the integrated effect of inorganic fertilizers, neem coated urea, enriched pressmud compost and sea weed extract on NPK uptake by ambrette and its post – harvest soil NPK status, a field investigation was carried out at Farmer’s Field Sivapuri Village, Chidambaram Taluk, Cuddalore District during Kharif, 2018. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with eight treatments and three replications. The crop was grown to maturity with proper cultural practices. The results revealed that application of integrated application of inorganic fertilizers, neem coated urea, enriched pressmud compost and sea weed extract resulted in significantly highest NPK uptake by ambretee and influenced the post – harvest soil fertility status with respect to available NPK.

scholarly journals Fighting a fire versus waiting for a wave: Useful and not-so-useful analogies in times of SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Archer ◽  
Claire Standley ◽  
Péter Molnár
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Disease Dynamics ◽  
Epidemiological Models ◽  
Communication Tools ◽  
Regular Feature ◽  
News Headlines

As SARS-CoV-2 has swept the planet, intermittent “lockdowns” have become a regular feature to control transmission. References to so-called recurring “waves” of infections remain pervasive among news headlines, political messaging, and public health sources. Here, we consider the power of analogies as a tool for facilitating effective understanding of biological processes by reviewing the successes and limitations of various analogies in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We also consider how, when analogies fall short, their ability to persuade can mislead public opinion and behaviour, even if unintentionally. While waves can be effective in conveying patterns of disease outbreak retrospectively, we suggest that process-based analogies might be more effective communication tools, given that they are easily mapped to underlying epidemiological concepts and can be extended to include more complex (e.g., spatial) dynamics. Though no single analogy perfectly captures disease dynamics, fire is particularly suitable for visualizing the epidemiological models that are used to understand disease trajectories, underscoring the importance of and reasoning behind control strategies, and, above all, conveying a sense of urgency to galvanise collective action.

scholarly journals Identifying strategies to promote team science in dissemination and implementation research

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory A. Aarons ◽  
Kendal Reeder ◽  
Christopher J. Miller ◽  
Nicole A. Stadnick
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Nominal Group Technique ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Nominal Group ◽  
Dissemination And Implementation ◽  
Team Science ◽  
Full Sample ◽  
Health Innovations ◽  
Dissemination And Implementation Research

AbstractIntroduction:Scientific endeavors are increasingly carried out by teams of scientists. While there is growing literature on factors associated with effective science teams, little is known about processes that facilitate the success of dissemination and implementation (D&I) teams studying the uptake of healthcare innovations. This study aimed to identify strategies used by D&I scientists to promote team science.Methods:Using a nominal group technique, a sample of 27 D&I scholars responded to the question, “What strategies have you or others used to promote team science?” Participants were asked to individually respond and then discuss within a small group to determine the group’s top three strategies. Through a facilitated consensus discussion with the full sample, a rank-ordered list of three strategies was determined.Results:A total of 126 individual responses (M = 9; SD = 4.88) were submitted. Through small group discussion, six groups ranked their top three strategies to promote team science. The final ranked list of strategies determined by the full sample included: (1) developing and maintaining clear expectations, (2) promoting and modeling effective communication, and (3) establishing shared goals and a mission of the work to be accomplished.Conclusions:Because of its goal of translating knowledge to practice, D&I research necessitates the use of team science. The top strategies are in line with those found to be effective for teams in other fields and hold promise for improving D&I team cohesion and innovation, which may ultimately accelerate the translation of health innovations and the improvement of care quality and outcomes.

scholarly journals Working with people with personality disorder: utilising service users' views

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberley Barlow ◽  
Stephen Miller ◽  
Kingsley Norton
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Nominal Group Technique ◽  
Nominal Group ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Further Training ◽  
Modified Nominal Group Technique ◽  
Clinical Interactions

Aims and MethodTo ascertain the views of people with personality disorder on their clinical interactions with professionals, to identify potential solutions to problematic interactions and to compile guidelines on how professionals could improve their interactions with these service users. Qualitative methodology was employed, comprising a modified nominal group technique with two iterative groups and ranking by importance the issues and themes raised.ResultsThere were 13 service users from three separate personality disorder services who actively participated in a group discussion and iterative process. Collectively they indicated considerable areas of deficiency in the quality of their interaction and communication with professionals. These deficits were defined clearly enough to allow the construction of guidelines aimed at preventing or remedying such deficiencies.ConclusionsThe contribution of those people with personality disorder who took part in this study was sufficiently thoughtful to allow the development of guidelines that might help staff improve their interactions with such service users. From these guidelines, further training tools are being developed, which will be evaluated in the future. However, because not all those approached chose to participate, the views expressed might not be representative of this group as a whole.

scholarly journals Changing Occupational Pattern among the Bishowkarmas: A Case Study of Hemja VDC

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Deb Bahadur Chetry
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Occupational Mobility ◽  
Anthropological Perspective ◽  
Strong Law ◽  
Traditional Art ◽  
Traditional Occupation ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Institutional Capability

This paper deals on the current issues of changing patterns of traditional occupational skills and technologies and management of the traditional skills and technologies of Bishowkarmas of Hemja VDC from an anthropological perspective. This paper highlights the salient traditional occupational features and recommendations of policies for the promotion of traditional occupation for self reliant. It also deals with the causes of intergenerational occupational mobility and shift from the traditional occupation of Bishowkarmas. The indings are based on a ield level investigation, observation and focused group discussion among the Bishowkarmas and analysis from multidisciplinary and participatory approach. Major causes for the occupational mobility issues among the surveyed population include socio-cultural practices, modernization, industrialization, urbanization and widespread use of western education system. The main management and promotional issues includes reservation, strong law against touchable practices, arrangement of raw materials and market. Promotional strategy comprise of socio-cultural and improved institutional capability aspects which emphases on issues like giving importance to native products and traditional occupational skills and technologies and create space for native products for conserving traditional art and promoting for the self reliant. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hjsa.v4i0.4667 Himalayan Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.IV (2010) 49-60

scholarly journals Handling power-asymmetry in interactions with infants

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Demuth
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Discursive Psychology ◽  
Power Asymmetry ◽  
Cultural Ideologies ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
And Control ◽  
Middle Class Families

Interaction between adults and infants by nature constitutes a strong powerasymmetry relationship. Based on the assumption that communicative practices with infants are inseparably intertwined with broader cultural ideologies of good child care, this paper will contrast how parents in two distinct socio-cultural communities deal with power asymmetry in interactions with 3-months old infants. The study consists of a microanalysis of videotaped free play mother-infant interactions from 20 middle class families in Muenster, Germany and 20 traditional farming Nso families in Kikaikelaki, Cameroon. Analysis followed a discursive psychology approach. The focus of analysis is on how mothers handle and negotiate power-distance in these interactions and what discursive strategies they draw on. Mothers in both groups used various forms of directives and control strategies. The Muenster mothers, however, mainly used mitigated directives that can be seen as strategies to reduce the competence gap between mother and child, while the Nso mothers mainly used upgraded directives to stress the hierarchical discrepancy between mother and child. The different strategies are discussed in light of the prevailing broader cultural ideologies and the normative orientations that they reflect. Finally, the findings are discussed with regard to possible developmental consequences of these distinct cultural practices for the child. Keywords: power-asymmetry; mother-infant interaction; discursive psychology; culture; Nso farmers; Muenster middle class families

scholarly journals Evaluation of POST-Harvest Herbicide Applications for Seed Prevention of Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri)

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney D. Crow ◽  
Lawrence E. Steckel ◽  
Robert M. Hayes ◽  
Thomas C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Amaranthus Palmeri ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Soil Seedbank ◽  
Residual Herbicide

Recent increases in the prevalence of glyphosate-resistant (GR) Palmer amaranth mandate that new control strategies be developed to optimize weed control and crop performance. A field study was conducted in 2012 and 2013 in Jackson, TN, and in 2013 in Knoxville, TN, to evaluate POST weed management programs applied after harvest (POST-harvest) for prevention of seed production from GR Palmer amaranth and to evaluate herbicide carryover to winter wheat. Treatments were applied POST-harvest to corn stubble, with three applications followed by a PRE herbicide applied at wheat planting. Paraquat alone or mixed withS-metolachlor controlled 91% of existing Palmer amaranth 14 d after treatment but did not control regrowth. Paraquat tank-mixed with a residual herbicide of metribuzin, pyroxasulfone, saflufenacil, flumioxazin, pyroxasulfone plus flumioxazin, or pyroxasulfone plus fluthiacet improved control of regrowth or new emergence compared with paraquat alone. All residual herbicide treatments provided similar GR Palmer amaranth control. Through implementation of POST-harvest herbicide applications, the addition of 1,200 seed m−2or approximately 12 million seed ha−1to the soil seedbank was prevented. Overall, the addition of a residual herbicide provided only 4 to 7% more GR Palmer amaranth control than paraquat alone. Wheat injury was evident (< 10%) in 2012 from the PRE applications, but not in 2013. Wheat grain yield was not adversely affected by any herbicide application.

Cultural Practices and Beliefs of Indigenous People in Dumingag, Zamboanga Del Sur

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melrose A. Sali-Ot ◽  
Kent G. Suarez ◽  
Gerome O. Villarmino
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Elementary Level ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Special Skill ◽  
Long Time

This study was conducted to determine the demographic characteristics, culture practices and beliefs of Subanen people in Dumingag, Zamboanga del Sur. Triangulation method was utilized using direct participatory observational approach, informal or indepth interview and a focus group discussion. The study found out that majority of the Subanens’ educational attainment are elementary level, and farming is their source of income. Most of their houses were made of light materials. Subanens had several instruments and dances which are played and performed during gatherings and special occasions. They ate vegetables, root crops, and aquatic foods to survive. They served/offered Pangasi (native wine) during ceremonial celebrations, gatherings and rituals. Their special skill was making of native products. The Gukom or Timuay was the highly respected leader of the tribal group and was empowered to lead ceremonies and mediate or settle tribal problems and disputes. The Shaman (Suruhano) was also respected because of his capability to cure illness. He could see and talk with the supernatural beings. Subanens manifested many differences in terms of rituals and ceremonial celebrations. They had unique beliefs that were originated from their ancestors and had been preserved for a long time.   Keywords - Cultural practices and beliefs, indigenous people, Subanen, Dumingag, Zamboanga del Sur

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