scholarly journals The Casimir Interaction between Spheres Immersed in Electrolytes

Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Renan O. Nunes ◽  
Benjamin Spreng ◽  
Reinaldo de Melo e Souza ◽  
Gert-Ludwig Ingold ◽  
Paulo A. Maia Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrolyte Solution ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Plasma Frequency ◽  
Casimir Energy ◽  
Ionic Charge ◽  
Large Sphere ◽  
Spherical Surfaces ◽  
Poisson Boltzmann ◽  
Dielectric Spheres ◽  
Zero Frequency

We investigate the Casimir interaction between two dielectric spheres immersed in an electrolyte solution. Since ionized solutions typically correspond to a plasma frequency much smaller than kBT/ℏ at room temperature, only the contribution of the zeroth Matsubara frequency is affected by ionic screening. We follow the electrostatic fluctuational approach and derive the zero-frequency contribution from the linear Poisson-Boltzmann (Debye-Hückel) equation for the geometry of two spherical surfaces of arbitrary radii. We show that a contribution from monopole fluctuations, which is reminiscent of the Kirkwood-Shumaker interaction, arises from the exclusion of ionic charge in the volume occupied by the spheres. Alongside the contribution from dipole fluctuations, such monopolar term provides the leading-order Casimir energy for very small spheres. Finally, we also investigate the large sphere limit and the conditions for validity of the proximity force (Derjaguin) approximation. Altogether, our results represent the first step towards a full scattering approach to the screening of the Casimir interaction between spheres that takes into account the nonlocal response of the electrolyte solution.

Electrical Properties of Highly Charged Spherical Surfaces in a Symmetric Electrolyte Solution

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genxiang Luo ◽  
Chunsheng Liu ◽  
Wang Hao Ping ◽  
Chuangye Hou ◽  
Jin Jun
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Electrolyte Solution ◽  
Spherical Surfaces

scholarly journals Casimir energy calculation for massive scalar field on spherical surfaces: an alternative approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 1004-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Valuyan
Keyword(s):  
Scalar Field ◽  
Spherical Surface ◽  
Original System ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
Casimir Energy ◽  
Energy Calculation ◽  
Massive Scalar ◽  
Mass Limit ◽  
Massive Scalar Field ◽  
Spherical Surfaces

In this study, the Casimir energy for massive scalar field with periodic boundary condition was calculated on spherical surfaces with S1, S2, and S3 topologies. To obtain the Casimir energy on a spherical surface, the contribution of the vacuum energy of Minkowski space is usually subtracted from that of the original system. In the large mass limit for surface S2, however, some divergences would eventually remain in the obtained result. To remove these remaining divergences, a secondary renormalization program was manually performed. In the present work, a direct approach for calculation of the Casimir energy has been introduced. In this approach, two similar configurations were considered and then the vacuum energies of these configurations were subtracted from each other. This method provides more physical meaning than the other common methods. Additionally, in the large mass limit for surface S2, it provides a situation in which the second renormalization program is automatically conducted in the calculation procedure, and there was no longer a need to do so manually. Finally, by plotting the obtained values for the Casimir energy of the topologies and investigating their appropriate limits, the logic agreement between the results of our scheme and those of previous studies was discussed.

scholarly journals Carbon nanotubes functionalized by salts containing stereogenic heteroatoms as electrodes in their battery cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Zdanowska ◽  
Magdalena Pyzalska ◽  
Józef Drabowicz ◽  
Damian Kulawik ◽  
Volodymyr Pavlyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Electrolyte Solution ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Standard Techniques ◽  
Charge Discharge

Abstract This paper concentrates on electrochemical properties of groups of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) functionalized with substituents containing a stereogenic heteroatom bonded covalently to the surface of the carbon nanotube. This system was tested in Swagelok-type cells. The cells comprised a system (functionalized CNT with salts containing S and P atoms) with a working electrode, microfiber separators soaked with electrolyte solution, and a lithium foil counter/reference (commercial LiCoO2) electrode. The electrolyte solution was 1 M LiPF6 in propylene carbonate. Using standard techniques (cyclic voltammetry/chronopotentiometry), galvanostatic cycling was performed on the cells at room temperature with a CH Instruments Model 600E potentiostat/galvanostat electrochemical measurements. Methods of functionalization CNT were compared in terms of the electrochemical properties of the studied systems. In all systems, the process of charge/discharge was observed.

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