scholarly journals Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern and Variants of Interest in COVID-19 Breakthrough Infections in a Hospital in Monterrey, Mexico

Viruses ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Kame A. Galán-Huerta ◽  
Samantha Flores-Treviño ◽  
Daniel Salas-Treviño ◽  
Paola Bocanegra-Ibarias ◽  
Ana M. Rivas-Estilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Ambulatory Patients ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Dose Vaccine

SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) or of interest (VOIs) causing vaccine breakthrough infections pose an increased risk to worldwide public health. An observational case-control study was performed of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine breakthrough infections in hospitalized or ambulatory patients in Monterrey, Mexico, from April through August 2021. Vaccination breakthrough was defined as a SARS-CoV-2 infection that occurred any time after 7 days of inoculation with partial (e.g., first dose of two-dose vaccines) or complete immunization (e.g., second dose of two-dose vaccines or single-dose vaccine, accordingly). Case group patients (n = 53) had partial or complete vaccination schemes with CanSino (45%), Sinovac (19%), Pfizer/BioNTech (15%), and AstraZeneca/Oxford (15%). CanSino was administered most frequently in ambulatory patients (p < 0.01). The control group (n = 19) received no COVID-19 vaccines. Among SARS-CoV-2 variants detected by whole-genome sequencing, VOC Delta B.1.617.2 predominated in vaccinated ambulatory patients (p < 0.01) and AY.4 in hospitalized patients (p = 0.04); VOI Mu B.1.621 was detected in four (7.55%) vaccinated patients. SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in our hospital occurred mostly in patients vaccinated with CanSino due to the higher prevalence of CanSino vaccine administration in our population. These patients developed mild COVID-19 symptoms not requiring hospitalization. The significance of this study lies on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants compromising the efficacy of local immunization therapies in Monterrey, Mexico.

Inflammatory Potential of Diet is Associated with Increased Odds of Cataract in a Case-Control Study from Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Shivappa ◽  
James R. Hébert ◽  
Bahram Rashidkhani ◽  
Matin Ghanavati
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Inflammatory Index ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Control Study

Abstract.Background: In previous studies, diet has been shown to be associated with cataract. However, no study to date has focused on the association between inflammatory potential of diet and cataract. Objectives: In this case-control study conducted in Iran, we examined the association of the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) and cataract. Methods: This case-control study included 97 cataract cases and 198 healthy controls hospitalized for acute non-neoplastic diseases with the control group matched according to age (with a five-year interval) and sex with the case group. The DII was computed based on dietary intake assessed by a previously validated food frequency questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs), with the DII analyzed as both continuous and as tertiles. Energy was adjusted using the residual method. Results: Subjects with higher DII scores (i.e., with a more pro-inflammatory diet) had a higher odds of cataract, with the DII being used as both a continuous variable (ORcontinuous 1.51, 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.13 – 2.03; one unit increase corresponding to ≈18% of its range in the current study) and as tertiles (ORtertile3vs1 2.67, 95%CI 1.32 – 5.48, Ptrend = 0.002). Conclusions: These results indicate that a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with increased risk of cataract. Additional studies should be conducted to further explore this association.

scholarly journals Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of biliary atresia: a case–control study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e049354
Author(s):  
Jingying Jiang ◽  
Rou Wan ◽  
Shiwei He ◽  
Ying Wu ◽  
Zhen Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Biliary Atresia ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Control Study

ObjectivesBiliary atresia (BA) is regarded as a serious neonatal hepatobiliary disease, and its aetiology and pathogenesis remain unclear. Epidemiological studies are limited, especially for the data from China. This study aims to explore risk factors of BA and provide new evidence to improve understanding of its aetiology.DesignThis is a case–control study from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2016.SettingCases were consecutively recruited from an urban tertiary care academic children’s hospital in Shanghai, China, while the controls were recruited from a community hospital in Shanghai through a random sampling system.Participants721 patients suspected for BA who planned to take the diagnostic surgery were enrolled preoperatively. 613 were diagnosed with BA and recruited into the case group. Meanwhile, 688 infants without any observed major congenital anomalies or jaundice were enrolled. Finally, 594 valid questionnaires from the case group and 681 from the control group were obtained.Primary and secondary outcome measuresStandardised questionnaires were used for data collection. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate associations reported as ORs and precision, by adjusting covariates.ResultsAnxiety or stress during pregnancy was strongly associated with increased risk of BA (OR 8.36 (95% CI: 4.08 to 17.15); p<0.001), respectively. Lower birth weight, fathers from ethnic minorities of China, older age of fathers, lower income of parents, and exposure to infection, diseases and medication during pregnancy all made differences.ConclusionsSocial factors including the educational and economic background and its related anxiety and stress during pregnancy might be noticed in the occurrence of BA. Maternal infections during pregnancy in the prevalence of BA were demonstrated.Trial registration numberChiCTR-IPR-15005885.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Gout in MDR-TB Patients in Eritrea: A Case-Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mulugeta Russom ◽  
Hager Tesfaselassie ◽  
Rozina Goitom ◽  
Tadese Ghirmai ◽  
Freweini Weldedhawariat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Gastrointestinal Upset

Though the incidence of gout in general population is less than 5% (globally), a study conducted in Eritrea among patients with multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) revealed a higher incidence (25%). Other similar studies conducted elsewhere, however, did not report gout as an adverse effect. It is unknown why a higher incidence of gout is being reported in Eritrea compared to similar studies from other countries. The objective of this study is therefore to explore risk factors for the increased risk of incident gout among MDR-TB patients in Eritrea. A case-control study was conducted in Merhano MDR-TB National Referral Hospital in Eritrea. All MDR-TB patients diagnosed with gout between June 2011 and June 2018 were considered as cases. Controls matched by age, sex, and cumulative drug exposure time were selected from the same study population (1:1 ratio). A total of 84 MDR-TB patients, 42 cases and 42 controls, were included in this study. No patient from the control group has comorbidities, while six patients from the case group have diabetes (χ2 = 6.46, df=1, p=0.026). Patients having tachycardia (OR=3.26, 95% CI=1.28, 8.27), alopecia (OR=3.11, 95% CI=1.00, 9.67), and gastrointestinal upset (OR=3.17, 95% CI=1.26, 7.96) as adverse effects and being on prolonged use of propranolol (OR=3.26, 95% CI=1.28, 8.27) were found to be more likely to develop incident gout compared to their controls. In conclusion, MDR-TB patients with diabetes mellitus, tachycardia, alopecia, and gastrointestinal upset and on prolonged use of propranolol tablet had increased risk of incident gout.

scholarly journals Dementia as Risk Factor for Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariantonietta Pisaturo ◽  
Federica Calò ◽  
Antonio Russo ◽  
Clarissa Camaioni ◽  
Agnese Giaccone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Moderate Disease ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

BackgroundThe aim of the present study was to investigate the outcome of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and dementia.Patients and MethodsIn a multicenter, observational, 1:2 matched case-control study all 23 patients with a history of dementia, hospitalized with a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection from February 28th 2020 to January 31st 2021 were enrolled. For each Case, 2 patients without dementia observed in the same period study, pair matched for gender, age (±5 years), PaO2/FiO2 (P/F) ratio at admission (&lt;200, or &gt;200), number of comorbidities (±1; excluding dementia) were chosen (Control group).ResultsThe majority of patients were males (60.9% of Cases and Controls) and very elderly [median age 82 years (IQR: 75.5–85) in the Cases and 80 (IQR: 75.5–83.75) in the Controls]. The prevalence of co-pathologies was very high: all the Cases and 43 (93.5%) Controls showed a Charlson comorbidity index of at least 2. During hospitalization the patients in the Case group less frequently had a moderate disease of COVID-19 (35 vs. 67.4%, p = 0.02), more frequently a severe disease (48 vs. 22%, p = 0.03) and more frequently died (48 vs. 22%, p = 0.03). Moreover, during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), 14 (60.8%) patients in the Case group and 1 (2.1%; p &lt; 0.000) in the Control group showed signs and symptoms of delirium.ConclusionPatients with dementia are vulnerable and have an increased risk of a severe disease and death when infected with COVID-19.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Sleep Quality in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghasem Fattahzadeh-Ardalani ◽  
Esmaeil Ghoreishi ◽  
Abolfazl Atalu ◽  
Mortaza Delkhosh-Reihany ◽  
Vahid Abbasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Study

Background and Objective: Studies indicate that people with multiple sclerosis (MS) are at increased risk of sleep disorders and the resulting negative outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate sleep quality in patients with MS. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, 110 patients with all confirmed types of MS as a case group and 110 healthy subjects as control group were evaluated in terms of sleep quality using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The data collected was analyzed using t-test and chi-square tests. Results: Total score of PSQI was significantly higher in patients with MS than that of the control group (7.32 ± 2.78 vs. 5.30 ± 2.00, P = 0.001). Furthermore, PSQI scores of patients with MS was significantly higher than that of the control group in subscales including sleep latency (1.14 ± 0.99 vs 0.85 ± 0.91, P = 0.029), sleep duration (1.09 ± 0.80 vs. 0.83 ± 0.88, P = 0.048), habitual sleep efficiency (1.15 ± 0.92 vs. 0.85 ± 0.83, P = 0.017), sleep disturbance (1.25 ± 0.96 vs 0.96 ± 0.88, P = 0.013), use of sleep medication (0.69 ± 0.94 vs. 0.33 ± 0.65, P = 0.001), and daytime dysfunction (0.88 ± 0.93 vs. 32.2 ± 0.69, P = 0.001). Conclusion: Patients with MS had a significantly more improper sleep quality compared to the control group. So, poor sleep quality has a negative effect on daily activities and social communication of these patients and generally reduce their quality of life (QOL).

scholarly journals Associations between Red Blood Cell and Platelet Transfusions and Retinopathy of Prematurity

Neonatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Tobias Hengartner ◽  
Mark Adams ◽  
Riccardo E. Pfister ◽  
Diane Snyers ◽  
Jane McDougall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression ◽  
Control Study

<b><i>Aim:</i></b> The aim of this study is to examine possible associations between the transfusion of RBC or platelets (PLTs) and the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in infants. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This retrospective, national, case-control study included all live births in Switzerland between 2013 and 2018. We investigated preterm infants at a gestational age of &#x3c;28 weeks, who developed higher stage ROP (≥stage 2, <i>n</i> = 178). Each case infant was matched to another of the same sex who did not develop ROP (<i>n</i> = 178, control group). <b><i>Results:</i></b> When compared with the control group, we observed higher numbers of RBC transfusions per infant and higher percentages of infants receiving PLT transfusions in the case group. An adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed that both RBC (odds ratio [OR] 1.081, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.020–1.146) and PLT transfusions (OR = 2.502, 95% CI 1.566–3.998) numbers were associated with ROP development. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Multiple RBC and PLT transfusions are associated with higher stage ROP development. Prospective studies are required to determine their potential as risk factors.

scholarly journals The role of leukotriene modifying agent treatment in neuropsychiatric events of elderly asthma patients: a nested case control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Oh Kang ◽  
Kyung Hyun Min ◽  
Hyun Jeong Kim ◽  
Tae Hyeok Kim ◽  
Woorim Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Boxed Warning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Crude Odds Ratio ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background In March 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration decided that the dangers related to neuropsychiatric events (NPEs) of montelukast, one of the leukotriene modifying agents (LTMAs), should be communicated through ‘boxed warning’. In case of NPEs, the prevalence has been the highest in elderly people. Because the characteristics of the elderly such as old age itself can act as risk factors. Therefore, an investigation on safety of LTMAs related to NPEs in elderly using LTMAs is needed. Method A nested case-control study using an elderly sample cohort from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database was used. The asthma cohort included asthma patients newly diagnosed between 2003 and 2013. Within the asthma cohort, the case group was defined as patients who were diagnosed with NPEs. Among patients who had never been diagnosed with NPEs, the control group was selected by matching 1:1 by propensity score. Patients who were prescribed LTMAs for 1 year prior to index date were defined as the exposure group. The logistic regression model was used to measure the effect of LTMAs on NPEs. Results We identified 141,165 patients with newly diagnosed asthma, and selected 31,992 patients per each case and control group. Exposure to LTMAs significantly increased the risk of overall NPEs about in comparison with the absence of exposure (crude odds ratio [OR] 1.58, 95% CI 1.50–1.68). After adjusting for confounding factors, the overall NPEs risk increased (adjusted OR, 1.67, 95% CI 1.58–1.78). Conclusion This study suggests that elderly asthma patients prescribed LTMAs had a higher risk of NPEs than patients who were not treated with LTMAs. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of the potential risks of LTMAs.

scholarly journals Analisis Faktor Fetus dan Tali Pusat terhadap Risiko Asphyxia Perinatal di Surakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Siti Lestari ◽  
Dyah Dwi Astuti ◽  
Fachriza Malika Ramadhani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Fetal Position ◽  
Control Study

Asfiksia perinatal merujuk pada kekurangan oksigen selama persalinan, sehingga berpotensi menyebabkan kematian dan kecacatan. WHO memperkirakan  4 juta anak terlahir dengan asfiksia setiap tahun, dimana 1 juta di antaranya meninggal dan 1 juta anak bertahan hidup dengan gejala sisa neurologis yang parah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor risiko fetal dan tali pusat pada asfiksia neonatal.Penelitian dilakukan di lakukan di RS Dr Moewardi Surakarta dengan pendekatan  quantitative retrospective case control study. Data diambil dari rekam medis antara  tahun 2013-2018. Penelitan ini melibatkan  264 neonatal yang terdiri dari 88 kelompok kasus dan 176  kelompok control. Kelompok kasus adalah bayi dengan diagnosa  asfiksia yang  dilakukan analisis terhadap faktor risiko fetal, sedangkan bayi yang tidak mengalami asfiksia dijadikan  kelompok kontrol. Hasil analisis statistik uji Chi-Square dan Fisher Exact ditemukan bahwa  kelahiran prematur (OR 2,07 CI 95% P 0,02), persalinan dengan tindakan (OR 3,61 CI 95% P 0,00), berat bayi (OR 2,85 CI 95% P 0,00), posisi janin (OR 2,37 CI 95% P 0,05), tali pusat ( QR 3,071 CI 95%  P 0,01)  berisiko terhadap insiden asfiksia perinatal. Air ketuban yang bercampur meconium (OR 1,51 CI 95% P 0,16) tidak memiliki risiko  dengan Asfiksia perinatal. Kesimpulan: Risiko terhadap insiden asfiksia perinatal  meliputi kelahiran prematur, persalinan dengan tindakan, berat bayi, posisi janin,  dan tali pusat.Perinatal asphyxia refers to a lack of oxygen during labor, which has the potential to cause death and disability. WHO estimates  4 million children born with asphyxia each year, in  which 1 million dies and 1 million survive with severe neurological sequelae. This study aims to analyze fetal and umbilical risk factors in neonatal asphyxia.This research is a quantitative retrospective case-control study, which was conducted at The Dr. Moewardi  hospital,  Surakarta. Data was taken from  medical records from 2013-2018. The case group was patients diagnosed  asphyxia, while those who did not experience asphyxia were treated as a control group.  A total of 264  samples, consisting of 88 case group respondents and 176 control group respondents. Statistical analysis Chi- Square and Fisher Exact found that preterm birth (OR 2.07 CI 95% P 0.02), labor with instrument or complication (OR 3.61 CI 95% P 0.00), infant weight (OR 2.85 CI 95% P 0, 00), fetal position (OR 2.37 CI 95% P 0.05), umbilical cord (QR 3.071 CI 95% P 0.01) are at risk for the incidence of perinatal Asphyxia. The amniotic fluid mixed with meconium (OR 1.51 CI 95% P 0.16) has no risk with perinatal asphyxia.The risk factors of incidences of perinatal asphyxia were  preterm birth, labor with instrument or complication, baby weight, fetal position and umbilical cord. 

scholarly journals The Relationship between Serum Levels of Vitamin C, Uric Acid and Antioxidant Condition with Coronary Artery Diseases: a Case-Control Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Torkzaban ◽  
Seyed Amir Mansour Alavi Naeini ◽  
Akbar Hassanzadeh ◽  
Mehrdad Namdari
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Coronary hearth diseases are among the main causes of death in adults. Increase of oxidative stress and defects in antioxidant defense play a major role in endothelium performance and are an effective factor in progress of atherosclerosis. Some studies have also reported different malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacity among the atherosclerosis patients.Methods In this case-control study, 44 atherosclerosis patients referring to Shahid Madani treatment-education center were considered as the case group; while 44 healthy peoples were placed in the control group. Demographic data and anthropometric indices were measured. Food frequency questionnaire and international physical activity questionnaires were also completed. After 12 hours of fasting, 10 ml blood was sampled from the participants. Uric acid, vitamin C, TAC and MDA were also measured. The data were finally analyzed by SPSS Ver 22 software.Results A significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of uric acid (P<0.001) and vitamin C (P<0.03). However, mean MDA and TAC showed no significant difference between the two groups. The two groups’ difference in terms of vitamin A, E and beta carotene, zinc and selenium intake was not significant. A significant difference was however detected between the two groups in terms of vitamin C (P<0.047). A significant relationship was also observed between the systolic pressure and CHD (P<0.028).Conclusion Results of this study indicated that the uric acid and vitamin C levels of atherosclerosis patients had significant increase and decrease in comparison with the healthy subjects, respectively. Mean TAC and antioxidant levels of their diets (except for vitamin C) showed no significant difference. Systolic blood pressure of the patients was significantly higher than the controls.

scholarly journals Mental and personality disorders in infertile women with polycystic ovary: a case-control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1241-1249
Author(s):  
Mostafa Ahmadi ◽  
Mahbobeh Faramarzi ◽  
Zahra Basirat ◽  
Farzan Kheirkhah ◽  
Mohammad Chehrazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Control Study

Background: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common causes of infertility in women. Objective: The current study investigated mental and personality disorders in infertile women with and without PCOS. Methods: This case-control study evaluated 400 infertile women who referred to the Infertility Center in Babol city (North of Iran). Participants were categorized into the case group (201 PCOS) and the control group (199 without PCOS). All of the participants completed the Millon Clinical Multi-axial Inventory-III (MCMI-III). Results: The mean scores for clinical personality patterns were significantly higher for six personality disorders (schiz- oid, avoidant, antisocial, depressive, sadistic, and negativistic) and for three classes of severe personality disorder patterns (schizotypal, borderline, and paranoid) in infertile women with PCOS than in women without PCOS. The mean scores for eight clinical disorders (somatoform, manic disorder, dysthymia, alcohol-dependence, drug-dependence, post-trauma stress disorder, major depression, and delusion disorder) were also higher in infertile women with PCOS than in women without PCOS. Conclusion: The scores of many mental and personality disorders are higher in infertile women with PCOS than in women without PCOS. Thus, clinicians should prioritize recognizing and treating psychological problems of infertile women with PCOS. Keywords: Polycystic ovarian syndrome; infertility; personality disorders.

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