scholarly journals Efficacy of the Newcastle Disease Virus Genotype VII.1.1-Matched Vaccines in Commercial Broilers

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Hesham A. Sultan ◽  
Wael K. Elfeil ◽  
Ahmed A. Nour ◽  
Laila Tantawy ◽  
Elsayed G. Kamel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Genotype Ii ◽  
Genotype Vii

Class II genotype VII Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) are predominant in the Middle East and Asia despite intensive vaccination programs using conventional live and inactivated NDV vaccines. In this study, the protective efficacies of three commercial vaccine regimes involving genotype II NDV, recombinant genotype VII NDV-matched, and an autogenous velogenic NDV genotype VII vaccine were evaluated against challenge with velogenic NDV genotype VII (accession number MG029120). Three vaccination regimes were applied as follows: group-1 received inactivated genotype II, group-2 received inactivated recombinant genotype VII NDV-matched, and group-3 received velogenic inactivated autogenous NDV genotype VII vaccines given on day 7; for the live vaccine doses, each group received the same live genotype II vaccine. The birds in all of the groups were challenged with NDV genotype VII, which was applied on day 28. Protection by the three regimes was evaluated after infection based on mortality rate, clinical signs, gross lesions, virus shedding, seroconversion, and microscopic changes. The results showed that these three vaccination regimes partially protected commercial broilers (73%, 86%, 97%, respectively, vs. 8.6% in non-vaccinated challenged and 0% in non-vaccinated non-challenged birds) against mortality at 10 days post-challenge (dpc). Using inactivated vaccines significantly reduced the virus shedding at the level of the number of shedders and the amount of virus that was shed in all vaccinated groups (G1-3) compared to in the non-vaccinated group (G-4). In conclusion, using closely genotype-matched vaccines (NDV-GVII) provided higher protection than using vaccines that were not closely genotype-matched and non-genotype-matched. The vaccine seeds that were closely related to genotype VII.1.1 provided higher protection against challenge against this genotype since it circulates in the Middle East region. Updating vaccine seeds with recent and closely related isolates provides higher protection.

scholarly journals Persistence of Newcastle Disease Virus Genotype II and Shedded Genotype VII in Poultry Farm Environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fady Samir ◽  
Rania F. El Naggar ◽  
Mohamed M. Hamoud ◽  
Manal M. Zaki ◽  
Abdulrhman M. Gamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Poultry Farm ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Genotype Ii ◽  
Genotype Vii

Pathogenesis of Newcastle Disease Virus Genotype VII in Chickens Vaccinated with LaSota and Inactivated Newcastle Disease Vaccines

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Challenge Virus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group D ◽  
Genotype Vii

Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most serious viral diseases affecting poultry farms in different countries. Many outbreaks -even in vaccinated poultry flocks- were recorded in the last few years caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV) genotype VII. This study was conducted to compare the pathogenesis of NDV genotype VII in non-vaccinated chickens and chickens vaccinated with NDV genotype II live (LaSota) and inactivated vaccines. One hundred 1-day-old chicks were divided into four equal groups; 25 for each. Groups A and B were kept unvaccinated. Group C was vaccinated with LaSota, and group D was vaccinated with both LaSota and inactivated NDV vaccine. Group A was kept as nonchallenged control blank group, while groups B, C and D were challenged intranasally by 0.1 ml 106 EID50 NDV genotype VII at 25-day of age. Three chickens were sacrificed from each group at 2, 5- and 10-days post challenge (dpc). Tissue specimens from trachea, lungs, bursa of fabricius, spleen and thymus were collected for histopathology and immunohistochemistry. NDV genotype VII challenge virus did not induce mortality in both vaccinated groups. Both vaccination programs resulted also in less severe clinical signs and histopathological lesions comparing to non-vaccinated challenged birds. Tracheal lesion score was significantly low in group D at 10 dpc while no significant difference was recorded between groups C and D in lungs. All lymphoid organs showed significantly less severe pathological alterations and depletion in groups C and D comparing to group B. Our results indicated that mis-matched genotype NDV vaccines could alleviate the pathological effect of the NDV challenge virus but do not provide complete protection of the infected host organs.

scholarly journals Protective efficacy of inactivated Newcastle disease virus vaccines prepared in two different oil-based adjuvants

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oday A. Aljumaili ◽  
Muhammad B. Bello ◽  
Swee K. Yeap ◽  
Abdul R. Omar ◽  
Aini Ideris
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Live Attenuated Vaccines ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines ◽  
Highly Virulent ◽  
Genotype Vii

Despite the availability of Newcastle disease (ND) vaccines for more than six decades, disease outbreaks continue to occur with huge economic consequences to the global poultry industry. The aim of this study is to develop a safe and effective inactivated vaccine based on a recently isolated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain IBS025/13 and evaluate its protective efficacy in chicken following challenge with a highly virulent genotype VII isolate. Firstly, high titre of IBS025/13 was exposed to various concentrations of binary ethylenimine (BEI) to determine the optimal conditions for complete inactivation of the virus. The inactivated virus was then prepared in form of a stable water-in-oil emulsion of black seed oil (BSO) or Freund’s incomplete adjuvant (FIA) and used as vaccines in specific pathogen-free chicken. Efficacy of various vaccine preparations was also evaluated based on the ability of the vaccine to protect against clinical disease, mortality and virus shedding following challenge with highly virulent genotype\VII NDV isolate. The results indicate that exposure of NDV IBS025/13 to 10 mM of BEI for 21 h at 37 °C could completely inactivate the virus without tempering with the structural integrity of the viral hemagglutin-neuraminidase protein. More so, the inactivated vaccines adjuvanted with either BSO- or FIA-induced high hemagglutination inhibition antibody titre that protected the vaccinated birds against clinical disease and in some cases virus shedding, especially when used together with live attenuated vaccines. Thus, genotype VII-based NDV-inactivated vaccines formulated in BSO could substantially improve poultry disease control particularly when combined with live attenuated vaccines.

SEQUENCE AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS GENOTYPE VII ISOLATED IN MALAYSIA DURING 1999-2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syamsiah Aini Shohaimi ◽  
Raha Ahmad Raus ◽  
Ong Geok Huai ◽  
Basirah Mohamed Asmayatim ◽  
Nursyuwari Nayan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Avirulent Strain ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Genotype I ◽  
F Protein ◽  
Genotype Vii

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a contagious viral disease of many avian species particularly domestic poultry, and is responsible for causing significant economic losses to the poultry industry in Southeast Asia including Malaysia. Here we report the sequence and phylogenetic analysis of NDV that has been circulating in Malaysia. A total of 151 NDV isolates were selected during 1999-2012 throughout Malaysia and were characterized phylogenetically. The partial region of matrix (M) and fusion (F) protein of NDV was amplified by reverse transcriptase PCR, directly sequenced and compared genetically to the published sequences obtained from GenBank. The deduced amino acid sequence of the F protein cleavage site revealed the presence of three different motifs; 112RRRKRF117, 112RRQKRF117 typical for velogenic strains while 112GKQGRL117 indicates it is from avirulent strain or lentogenic strain. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that 13 isolates belonged to genotype I, 2 to genotype III, 6 to genotype VI, 1 to genotype VIII and 129 to genotype VII. Isolates belonging to genotype VII were further divided into five subgenotypes; VIIa, VIIb, VIId, VIIe and VIIh. Based on the phylogenetic tree and geographical data, it is found that NDV genotype VIIb and VIIe were isolated in 1999 while in year 2000 to 2009, most of the NDV isolates were NDV genotype VIId originated from China. No subgenotype VIId viruses were recovered after 2009 in Malaysia. In 2010-2012, NDV outbreaks were caused by subgenotypes VIIa and VIIh in Peninsular Malaysia. Interestingly, these subgenotypes have been isolated in East Malaysia since 2002 but did not cause major outbreak.  These information points to the existence of multiple genotypes of NDV in Malaysia especially genotype VII and these findings emphasize the importance of continuous surveillance of NDV in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Effect of infectious bronchitis and Newcastle disease vaccines on experimental avian influenza infection (H9N2) in broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 574-585
Author(s):  
R. Amanollahi ◽  
K. Asasi ◽  
B. Abdi-Hachesoo ◽  
N. Ahmadi ◽  
A. Mohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Respiratory Pathogen ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Live Vaccines ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis

Despite the fact that H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) is considered a low-pathogenic agent, frequent outbreaks of this subtype have caused high mortality and economic losses in poultry farms around the world including Iran. Coinfection with a respiratory pathogen or environmental factors may explain the exacerbation of H9N2 AIV infection. In this study, the role of infectious bronchitis (IB) vaccines (H120 and 4/91) and Newcastle disease (ND) vaccines (B1 and LaSota) on experimental H9N2 AIV infection was investigated in 180 broiler chickens allotted into 6 groups (n=30). At the age of 18 days, groups 3 and 4 received H120 and 4/91 infectious bronchitis live vaccines (IBLVs) and groups 5 and 6 received B1 and LaSota Newcastle disease live vaccines (NDLVs), respectively. At the age of 20 days, all birds in the experimental groups except the negative control group (group 1), were inoculated intra-nasally with H9N2 AIV. After the inoculation, clinical signs, gross and microscopic lesions, and viral detection were examined. The results of this study revealed that clinical signs, gross and microscopic lesions were more severe in the AIV challenged groups which had been previously vaccinated with IB vaccines. In addition, AI viral RNA from tracheal and faecal samples in IB vaccinated birds were recovered at a higher rate. Moreover, in the 4/91 IB vaccinated group, the AI virus shedding period was longer than the other challenged groups. In conclusion, infectious bronchitis live vaccines (IBLVs) exacerbated the H9N2 AIV infection; also, 4/91 IBLV extended AI virus shedding period and increased the recovery rate of AI virus from feaces. However, the coinfection of Newcastle disease live vaccines (NDLVs) had no considerable adverse effects on AIV infection in broiler chickens.

scholarly journals An improved reverse genetics system for Newcastle disease virus genotype VII

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 521-524
Author(s):  
Yuzhang Sun ◽  
Mingjun Sun ◽  
Yonglian Dai ◽  
Renfu Yin ◽  
Zhuang Ding
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
Genotype Vii
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