scholarly journals Vaccination against COVID-19: Factors That Influence Vaccine Hesitancy among an Ethnically Diverse Community in the UK

Vaccines ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Erica Jane Cook ◽  
Elizabeth Elliott ◽  
Alfredo Gaitan ◽  
Ifunanya Nduka ◽  
Sally Cartwright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Diverse Community

The UK’s minority ethnic population, despite being at higher risk of COVID-19 and experiencing poorer health outcomes, continue to have lower uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine compared with their white British counterparts. Given the importance of the vaccination programme in improving health outcomes, this research sought to examine the influential factors that impact the decision to accept the COVID-19 vaccination among an ethnically diverse community. A total of 1058 residents from Luton, UK, a large town with an ethnically diverse population, completed a community survey. Questions centred around uptake or individuals’ intentions to accept the offer of COVID-19 vaccination alongside demographics, knowledge, and views on the vaccine. A binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the most significant predictors of vaccine hesitancy, while respondents’ reasons for not getting vaccinated were identified using qualitative content analysis. Findings revealed that age and ethnicity were the only sociodemographic factors to predict vaccine hesitancy. Knowledge of symptoms and transmission routes, alongside ensuring information about COVID-19 was objectively sourced, were all identified as protective factors against vaccine hesitancy. Qualitative analysis revealed that ‘lack of trust in government/authorities’ and ‘concern of the speed of vaccine development’ were the most common reasons for non-uptake. This research reinforces the importance of age, ethnicity, and knowledge as influential factors in predicting vaccine hesitancy. Further, this study uncovers some of the barriers of uptake that can be utilised in developing promotional campaigns to reduce vaccine hesitancy in certain sections of the diverse UK population.

Presence of Additional Safety Belt Enforcement Increases Safety Belt Use by Drivers

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (3) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Lusanni Acosta-Rodriguez ◽  
Valerian Kwigizile ◽  
Jun-Seok Oh ◽  
Timothy Gates
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Traffic Enforcement ◽  
Safety Belt ◽  
Primary Means ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Additional Safety

The use of a safety belt is universally recognized as a primary means of reducing injuries and fatalities for motor vehicle occupants. There are several factors that contribute to safety belt utilization, including traffic enforcement, demographics, vehicle type, day of the week, and geographical location. These factors have been explored and found significant in relation to safety belt usage. Apart from these factors, the presence of additional traffic enforcement is generally believed to produce higher rates of safety belt use. However, the impacts provided by the presence/no-presence of additional traffic enforcement have been merely quantified on a disaggregated scale, broadly across an entire state while controlling for other influential factors. Thus, this paper presents an analysis that quantifies the impacts provided by the presence of additional safety belt enforcement on driver safety belt usage. Direct safety belt use observational surveys and traffic enforcement data were used for the analysis. Owing to the nature of the data, a binary logistic regression analysis was performed on the dataset from the state of Michigan. The results showed that for every location where additional traffic enforcement was present, safety belt usage increased by 6.4% per county compared with areas where no additional traffic enforcement was present. Finally, the results not only quantified the impact of traffic enforcement on safety belt use, but could help transportation safety agencies make more informed decisions about where additional safety belt enforcement may be needed to improve rates of safety belt use.

Short-term residential care for dementia patients: predictors for utilization and expected quality from a family caregiver's point of view

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Donath ◽  
Angelika Winkler ◽  
Elmar Gräßel
Keyword(s):  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Residential Care ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dementia Patients

ABSTRACTBackground: Short-term residential care (SRC) has proved to be effective in reducing the burden on family caregivers of dementia patients. Nevertheless, little is known about the factors which influence its usage or the expectations of family caregivers regarding quality. In this paper we address the following questions: (i) which variables of the care situation, the caregivers and their attitudes act as predictors for the utilization of SRC facilities? (ii) What are the views of caregivers about the quality of SRC?Methods: The cross-sectional study was carried out as an anonymous written survey of family caregivers of dementia patients in four regions of Germany. With a 20% response it was possible to analyze the quantitative and qualitative data from 404 and 254 family caregivers respectively. Predictors for utilization were evaluated using binary logistic regression analysis. The answers to questions of quality were evaluated using qualitative content analysis.Results: Significant predictors for the utilization of SRC are the assessment of the helpfulness of SRC and the caregiver's knowledge of the accessibility of SRC facilities. Family caregivers who had already used SRC most frequently expressed the wish for “good care” in SRC facilities, followed by a program of suitable activities for dementia patients.Conclusions: In order to increase the rate of utilization, family caregivers must be convinced of the relevant advantages of using SRC facilities. The staff should be trained in caring for dementia patients and appropriate activities should be available.

scholarly journals COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in an ethnically diverse community: descriptive findings from the Born in Bradford study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Josie Dickerson ◽  
Bridget Lockyer ◽  
Rachael H. Moss ◽  
Charlotte Endacott ◽  
Brian Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Born In Bradford ◽  
Diverse Community ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Roll Out ◽  
Deprived Areas

Background: The roll out of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are underway in the UK, and ensuring good uptake in vulnerable communities will be critical to reducing hospital admissions and deaths. There is emerging evidence that vaccine hesitancy is higher in ethnic minorities and deprived areas, and that this may be caused by distrust and misinformation in the community.  This study aims to understand COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in an ethnically diverse and deprived population of Bradford through the Born in Bradford (BiB) research programme. Methods: Surveys were sent to parents in BiB who had taken part in a previous Covid-19 survey (n=1727). Cross tabulations explored variation by ethnicity and deprivation. Answers to a question asking the main reason for hesitancy was analysed using thematic analysis. Results: 535 (31%) of those invited between 29 th October-9 th December 2020 participated. 48% were White British, 37% Pakistani heritage and 15% from other ethnicities; 46% were from the most deprived quintile of the Index of Multiple Deprivation. 29% of respondents do want a vaccine, 10% do not. The majority had not thought about it (29%) or were unsure (30%). Vaccine hesitancy differed by ethnicity and deprivation: 43% (95% CIs: 37-54%) of White British and 60% (35-81%) in the least deprived areas do want a vaccine, compared to 13% (9-19%) of Pakistani heritage and 20% (15-26%) in the most deprived areas. Reasons for not wanting a vaccine were commonly explained by confusion and distrust which was linked to exposure to misinformation. Conclusions: There is a risk of unequitable roll out of the vaccination programme in the UK with higher vaccine hesitancy in ethnic minorities and those living in deprived areas. There is an urgent need to tackle misinformation that is leading to uncertainty and confusion about the vaccines.

scholarly journals Correlation of Suicidal Thoughts and Suicide Attempts in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Payam Sariaslani ◽  
Parvin Ghanbari ◽  
Saeid Komasi
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Correlated Factors

Background: The chronicity of multiple sclerosis (MS) plays a key role in 25% of suicides. Therefore, it is essential to assess the other influential factors in this regard. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts in patients with MS and the correlated factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 203 MS patients referred to the MS Society of Kermanshah, Iran during August-October 2015. Data were collected using a checklist of demographics and patient records, Ifudu comorbidity index, 100-meter walk test, and Beck’s depression and suicidal thoughts scales. Data analysis was performed using binary logistic regression analysis. Results: In total, 30% of the patients had suicidal thoughts, and 8.4% had suicide attempts. After adjustment for demographics, the obtained results indicated that illiterate patients (P < 0.05) and those with a higher depression grade (P < 0.001) were at a higher risk of suicidal thoughts. Illiteracy, older age at the first diagnosis, and being a housewife or unemployed (P < 0.05) significantly decreased the likelihood of suicide attempts, while comorbidities, suicidal thoughts, and depression (P < 0.05) significantly increased the likelihood of suicide attempts. Conclusions: Since MS patients are highly prone to suicidal thoughts and even suicide attempts, providing training and preventive psychological interventions are recommended for high-risk cases, such as illiterate patients with challenging jobs, young patients, and patients with comorbidities and depression.

scholarly journals Support, needs and expectations of family caregivers regarding general practitioners – results from an online survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Wangler ◽  
Michael Jansky
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Care Recipient ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis

Abstract Background Family caregivers are often the first line of support for people requiring care; although they may personally stand to benefit, these activities substantially increase the risk of physical and emotional stress. General practitioners (GPs) may provide important support and stabilisation, but need to adjust to the needs and expectations of this group in order to do so. The aim of the study was to compare the needs of family caregivers from GPs to the support they actually experience. Additional aims included determining the main factors affecting satisfaction amongst family caregivers with support from GPs. The results were used to develop possible approaches towards optimisation within the purview of general medical practice. Methods Between January and July 2020, 612 people supporting or caring for a family member responded to an online survey posted in seventeen internet forums focused on family caregivers. In addition to the descriptive analysis, a t-test with independent samples was used to identify significant differences between two groups. We also used binary logistic regression analysis to identify indications of potentially influential factors regarding the experienced support from GPs. Results Around three out of every four respondents (72%) consulted GPs in care matters. The respondents gave positive responses on their GP’s knowledge of the care situation (71%), approachability in various issues connecting with care and service towards the caregiver (82%). GPs’ efforts in meeting the needs and requirements of the care recipient were also rated positively (82%). Weaknesses in support from GPs mainly involved the lack of information on advice and assistance services (55%) as well as frequently not identifying or involving caregivers as such soon enough (42%). Results from regression analysis show that the last two aspects play a major role in subjective satisfaction amongst family caregivers with support from GPs. Conclusions We recommend that GPs undergo further training to reinforce awareness that the care triad of needs, requirements and stresses amongst family caregivers also plays a vital role in care outcomes. With this in mind, general practice staff should adopt a pre-emptive strategy towards approaching family members about potential issues and informing them about existing assistance and support services.

scholarly journals Advocacy, Hesitancy, and Equity: Exploring U.S. Race-Related Discussions of the COVID-19 Vaccine on Twitter

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5693
Author(s):  
Shaniece Criss ◽  
Thu T. Nguyen ◽  
Samantha Norton ◽  
Imaya Virani ◽  
Eli Titherington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Application Programming Interface ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Full Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Study Team ◽  
History Of

Background: Our study aimed to describe themes of tweets related to COVID-19 vaccines, race, and ethnicity to explore the context of the intersection of these topics on Twitter. Methods: We utilized Twitter’s Streaming Application Programming Interface (API) to collect a random 1% sample of publicly available tweets from October 2020 to January 2021. The study team conducted a qualitative content analysis from the full data set of 1110 tweets. Results: The tweets revealed vaccine support through vaccine affirmation, advocacy through reproach, a need for a vaccine, COVID-19 and racism, vaccine development and efficacy, racist vaccine humor, and news updates. Vaccine opposition was demonstrated through direct opposition, vaccine hesitancy, and adverse reactions. Conspiracy and misinformation included scientific misinformation, political misinformation, beliefs about immunity and protective behaviors, and race extermination conspiracy. Equity and access focused on overcoming history of medical racism, pointing out health disparities, and facilitators to vaccine access. Representation touted pride in development and role models, and politics discussed the role of politics in vaccines and international politics. Conclusion: Our analysis demonstrates that Twitter can provide nuances about multiple viewpoints on the vaccine related to race and ethnicity and can be beneficial in contributing to insights for public health messaging.

scholarly journals Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance and Hesitancy: A Health Care Student-Based Online Survey in Northwest China

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juxia Zhang ◽  
Judith Dean ◽  
Yuhuan Yin ◽  
Dongping Wang ◽  
Yanqing Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
Health Care Students

Background: With the spread of COVID-19 around the world, herd immunity through vaccination became a key measure to control the pandemic, but high uptake of vaccine is not guaranteed. Moreover, the actual acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination and associated factors remain uncertain among health care students in Northwest China.Methods: A cross-sectional survey of a sample of 631 health care students was performed using a questionnaire developed through Wen Juan Xing survey platform to collect information regarding their attitudes, beliefs, and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the association between vaccination willingness and demographics, attitudes, and beliefs to determine the factors that actually effect acceptance and hesitancy of COVID-19 vaccine among health care students.Results: Overall, 491 (77.81%) students actually received the COVID-19 vaccine, and of the 140 unvaccinated, 69 were hesitant and 71 rejected. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the actually vaccinated individuals were those who mostly believed in the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine (OR = 2.94, 95%CI: 1.37, 6.29), those who mostly felt it is their responsibility to receive the vaccine to protect others from infection (OR = 2.75, 95%CI: 1.45, 5.23), with less previous experience about other vaccines (OR = 1.70, 95%CI: 1.06, 2.72), students who mostly thought COVID-19 to be very severe (OR = 1.77, 95%CI: 1.07, 2.93), and students who mostly thought the COVID-19 vaccine was one of the best protection measures (OR = 1.68, 95%CI: 1.03, 2.76). Concerns about side effects of vaccines (OR = 0.30, 95%CI: 0.18, 0.51) and the use of personal protective behavior as an alternative to the COVID-19 vaccination (OR = 0.16, 95%CI: 0.06, 0.39) hindered the vaccine acceptance.Conclusions: Our study showed higher COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among healthcare students. However, the individuals with vaccine hesitancy and rejection were still worrying. Vaccine safety and effectiveness issues continue to be a major factor affecting students' acceptance. To expand vaccine coverage in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, appropriate vaccination strategies and immunization programs are essential, especially for those with negative attitudes and beliefs.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccine Efficacy in a Diverse Urban Healthcare Worker Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eirini Iliaki ◽  
Fan-Yun Lan ◽  
Costas A. Christophi ◽  
Guido Guidotti ◽  
Alexander D. Jobrack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Medical Providers ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Community Healthcare ◽  
Black African ◽  
Diverse Community ◽  
Immunization Campaign

Objective: To investigate COVID-19 vaccine efficacy (VE) among healthcare workers (HCWs) in an ethnically diverse community healthcare system, during its initial immunization campaign. Methods: HCWs of the system were retrospectively included from the beginning of a COVID-19 vaccination program (December 16, 2020) until March 31, 2021. Those with a prior COVID-19 infection before December 15 were excluded. The Occupational Health department of the system ran a COVID-19 screening and testing referral program for workers, consistently throughout the study period. A master database had been established and updated comprising of the demographics, COVID-19 PCR assays, and vaccinations of each HCW. Andersen-Gill extension of the Cox models were built to estimate the VE of fully/partially vaccinated person-days at risk. Results: Among the 4317 eligible HCWs, 3249 (75%) received any vaccination during the study period. Vaccinated HCWs were older, less likely to be Black/African American, Hispanic/Latino or identify as two or more races, and more likely to be medical providers. After adjusting for age, sex, race, and the statewide background incidence at the time of vaccination, we observed a VE of 80.2% (95% CI: 57.5-90.8%) for ≧14 days after the first dose of Pfizer/Moderna, and 95.5% (95% CI: 88.2-98.3%) among those fully vaccinated (i.e. ≧14 days after the second dose of Pfizer/Moderna or the single dose of J&J/Janssen). Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in the real world is promising, and these data in concert with culturally appropriate may decrease vaccine hesitancy.

scholarly journals COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in an ethnically diverse community: descriptive findings from the Born in Bradford study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Josie Dickerson ◽  
Bridget Lockyer ◽  
Rachael H. Moss ◽  
Charlotte Endacott ◽  
Brian Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Born In Bradford ◽  
Diverse Community ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Roll Out ◽  
Deprived Areas

Background: The roll out of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are now underway in the UK, and ensuring good uptake in vulnerable communities will be critical to reducing hospital admissions and deaths. There is emerging evidence that vaccine hesitancy is higher in ethnic minorities and deprived areas, and that this may be caused by misinformation in the community.  This study aims to understand COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in an ethnically diverse and deprived population. Methods: Questionnaire surveys were sent to parents in the Born in Bradford study. Cross tabulations explored variation by ethnicity and deprivation. Text from open-ended questions was analysed using thematic analysis. Results: 535 (31%) of 1727 invited between 29th October-9th December 2020 participated in the study. 154 (29%) of respondents do want a vaccine, 53 (10%) do not. The majority had not thought about it (N=154, 29%) or were unsure (N=161, 30%). Vaccine hesitancy differed significantly by ethnicity and deprivation: 43% (95% CIs: 37-54%) of White British and 60% (35-81%) in the least deprived areas do want a vaccine, compared to 13% (9-19%) of Pakistani heritage and 20% (15-26%) in the most deprived areas. Those that distrusted the NHS were more likely to not want a vaccine (30%, 15-50%).  Reasons for not wanting a vaccine were commonly explained by confusion and distrust caused by prevalent misinformation. Conclusions: There is a much higher level of vaccine hesitancy in ethnic minorities, those living in deprived areas and those that distrust the NHS. There is an urgent need to tackle the overwhelming misinformation about COVID-19 that is leading to this uncertainty and confusion about the vaccines. If not addressed there is a high risk of unequitable roll out of the vaccination programme in the UK.

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