scholarly journals The First Report of Elaphostrongylus cervi Infection in Two Imported Wapitis (Cervus canadensis) in Slovenia

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Petra Bandelj ◽  
Polona Juntes ◽  
Gorazd Vengušt ◽  
Diana Žele Vengušt
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Nematode Parasites ◽  
Cervus Canadensis ◽  
The Brain

This study describes two female wapitis (Cervus canadensis) with neurological signs associated with an Elaphostrongylus cervi (E. cervi) infection. The original host of the nematode parasite is the Eurasian red deer (Cervus elaphus), although other cervids and small ruminants may also be affected. The two wapitis imported from Canada were kept in an enclosure with the Slovenian red deer herd. After developing debilitating neurological signs, the wapitis were euthanized and examined for possible causes. A histopathological examination of the brain of the first wapiti revealed severe diffuse perivascular meningoencephalitis with chronic vasculitis, and some cross-sections of nematodes were found in the leptomeninges. A necropsy of the second wapiti revealed severe pachymeningitis and leptomeningitis, where several adult nematode parasites were found. E. cervi was confirmed by molecular methods. The prevalence of E. cervi in the European red deer population is high, but no study has been conducted to assess its prevalence in Slovenia. This was the first confirmation of E. cervi in Slovenia and the first infection with this parasite described in Europe in a wapiti. Elaphostrongylus cervi should also be considered as a differential diagnosis in Europe for all ruminants grazing on pastures frequented by red deer and showing neurological clinical signs.

Clinical, MRI, and Histopathological Features of Hypothalamic Neuronal Hamartoma in a Young Vizsla

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Bibbiani ◽  
Sara Canal ◽  
Daiana Marabese ◽  
Maria T. Mandara ◽  
Greta Foiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Middle Cranial Fossa ◽  
Clinical Imaging ◽  
First Report ◽  
Histopathological Features ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Cranial Fossa ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Clinical Mri

ABSTRACT Human hypothalamic neuronal hamartomas are rare, nonprogressive, congenital malformations of the hypothalamus that do not expand or metastasize to other locations. A 1 yr old female vizsla was presented for progressive intracranial multifocal neurological signs already present since adoption at 3 mo of age. MRI of the brain showed an ill-defined, intra-axial, space-occupying, nonenhancing lesion located in the ventral middle cranial fossa. Histopathological examination was consistent with hypothalamic neuronal hamartoma. This is the first report describing clinical, imaging, and histopathological features of a hypothalamic neuronal hamartoma in a dog. These findings are compared with the human counterparts.

scholarly journals Thalamic Melanosis in Goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanca Góes Dos Santos Soares ◽  
Draenne Micarla dos Santos Silva ◽  
Maria Jussara Rodrigues do Nascimento ◽  
Millena de Oliveira Firmino ◽  
Rodrigo Cruz Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Brown Pigment ◽  
Neoplastic Processes ◽  
Abundant Cytoplasm ◽  
Multiple Blood ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Masson Staining

Background: Melanosis is a blackened pigmentation resulting from the accumulation of melanocytes in tissues that are not normally pigmented. This change in the color of the organs occurs due to the agglomeration of melanocytes originating from abnormal migration during embryogenesis and does not cause dysfunction to the affected organ. Although melanosis frequently occurs in several species and affects several organs such as the brain and spinal cord leptomeninges, involvement in the thalamus region is unusual. The objective of this work was to report two cases of thalamic melanosis in goats, determining the pathological and histochemical aspects that assist in the diagnosis of this condition.Cases: Two cases of thalamic melanosis in goats were diagnosed. In both cases, the animals had no nervous history disease and clinical signs. The cause of death in cases 1 and 2 was established based on anatomopathological findings and clinical signs being diagnosed with mycoplasmosis and asphyxia, respectively. After fixing and making cross-sections of the brain, a focal lengthy blackened area was observed on the thalamus surface in both cases. Microscopically, lesions in the brain were similar in both cases and exclusively affected the thalamus. These cells had abundant cytoplasm, well delimited with brownish granular pigment. The nuclei were difficult to visualize and in some cells, it was rounded, well-defined, morphologically compatible with melanocytes. Melanocytes were mainly distributed around neurons and often distended the perivascular space of multiple blood vessels. In Fontana Masson staining, the granules in the cytoplasm of these cells stained strongly black. The Prussian Blue, Periodic Acid- Schiff's, Von Kossa, and Giemsa stains were negative, and the pigment remained brown. In the unstained slides, assembled after the deparaffinization and clarification process, it was observed the permanence of cells with blackish-brown pigment in the cytoplasm. In immunohistochemistry, strong immunostaining of pigmented cells with the Anti-MelanA antibodies was observed in both cases.Discussion: The diagnosis of thalamic melanosis in goats was carried out based on the characteristic pathological findings, in which melanin pigments were demonstrated and identified through HE, Fontana-Masson staining, and unstained slides and confirmed by the IHC. The use of complementary histochemical techniques was fundamental for the classification of the pigment as melanin, demonstrating to be an accessible and reliable tool for the diagnosis of pathological processes that lead to the accumulation of pigments and or material in the tissues. The occurrence of melanin in the thalamus may be associated with a failure in the migration of melanoblasts, which would go to the optical pathways or to the thalamus. This erratic migration of melanoblasts can be explained by the fact that the forebrain is the embryogenic origin of the optic and diencephalon pathways. Macroscopically, thalamic melanosis must be differentiated mainly from neoplastic processes such as melanoma and hemangiosarcoma, pigmented fungus infections, Phalaris angusta poisoning, listeriosis, neurocutaneous melanosis, and neuromelanin. It was concluded that thalamic melanosis is an uncommon alteration in goats and although it has been diagnosed as an incidental necropsy finding, should be included in the differential diagnosis of diseases that affect the central nervous system, especially those that have a color change associated with the deposition of pigments in the tissues. Keywords: melanin, necropsy findings, pigment, thalamus.Descritores: melanina, achados de necropsia, pigmento, tálamo.Título: Melanose talâmica em caprinos. 

Hypernatremia in a Cat with Toxoplasma-Induced Panencephalitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Weingart ◽  
Achim D. Gruber ◽  
Mathias Brunnberg ◽  
Barbara Kohn
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Diabetes Insipidus ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Laboratory Examination ◽  
Neurological Signs

A 12 yr old female neutered Carthusian crossbreed cat was presented due to progressive neurological signs. Clinical signs included dehydration, stupor, and anisocoria. Laboratory examination revealed severe hypernatremia, azotemia, hyperglobulinemia, and an erythrocytosis. Clinical signs and hypernatremia suggested an intracranial process. Imaging studies revealed a loss of structure in the cerebrum, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland. Due to a poor prognosis, the cat was euthanatized. Histopathological examination revealed a subacute granulomatous and necrotizing panencephalitis with Toxoplasma-typical protozoa. The Toxoplasma-induced dysfunction of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland led to diabetes insipidus, which was, in combination with insufficient water intake, the most likely cause for the hypernatremia.

scholarly journals Clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemistry characterization of toxoplasmosis in dogs with distemper in the semiarid region of Paraíba, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 4251
Author(s):  
Maria Talita Soares Frade ◽  
Lisanka Ângelo Maia ◽  
Rachel Livingstone Felizola Soares Andrade ◽  
Rodrigo Cruz Alves ◽  
Elise Miyuki Yamasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canine Distemper Virus ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Neurological Involvement ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Thin Wall ◽  
Canine Distemper ◽  
Eosinophilic Inclusion ◽  
The Brain

The objective of this study was to describe the clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemistry characteristics of five cases of toxoplasmosis, an infection often associated with distemper in dogs. From January 2000 to December 2012, a retrospective study was performed analyzed dogs with distemper in the semiarid region of Paraíba. We evaluated this sample to focus on individuals who presented with concomitant structures in protozoa characteristics, and performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) tests using polyclonal anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibody. In all cases, the clinical signs were similar including digestive changes, as well as respiratory, neurological, and ocular lesions, suggesting an infection of canine distemper virus. The diagnosis of distemper was confirmed on histopathological analysis depending on the presence of intranuclear and intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies in different tissues. Histopathological examination also revealed the characteristic presence of parasitic cysts T. gondii in the brain in four cases, and in the lung in one case. The brain cysts were associated with multifocal areas of malacia and lung there was alveolar septa thickening due to infiltration of macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells, with moderate proliferation of type II pneumocytes and coalescing multifocal areas of necrosis. These cysts are characterized by round and strongly basophilic structures, measuring approximately 5 to 70 ?m, delimited by thin wall, stained by hematoxylin and eosin, and immunomarked as brown by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using the chromogen DAB. The diagnosis of toxoplasmosis associated with infection by canine distemper virus in the five case studied was based on microscopic findings and confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Toxoplasmosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of dogs with severe progressive systemic signs, especially when respiratory and neurological involvement is suspected.

scholarly journals Case Report. The first report of pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning in a gazelle (Gazella Subgutturosa) – histopathologic diagnosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Monireh Khordadmehr ◽  
Fereydoon Rezazadeh ◽  
Javad Ashrafi-Helan ◽  
Mir Mohsen Hosseini-Ghomi
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Myocardial Necrosis ◽  
Poisonous Plants ◽  
Chronic Poisoning ◽  
Histopathologic Diagnosis ◽  
Gazella Subgutturosa ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Alveolar Septa

Abstract Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are natural phytotoxins found in thousands of plant species around the world. They are probably the most common poisonous plants affecting livestock, wildlife and humans. The disease occurs almost entirely as a consequence of chronic poisoning and in general ends fatally. In the present study, PAs poisoning was investigated in a gazelle with hepatic encephalopathy associated with severe neurologic signs. The main clinical signs included head pressing, progressive depression and weakness, ataxia and reluctance to move, turn the head to the left and to paddle, hyperesthesia and decreased food intake. Histopathological examination revealed major lesions in the liver consisting of severe hepatocyte megalocytosis and hypertrophy with nuclei enlargement, mild bile duct hyperplasia, centriacinar fatty change and hepatocellular necrosis. Moreover, pulmonary congestion and edema with endothelium necrosis and alveolar septa thickening, severe congestion in vessels of the brain and meninges, and myocardial necrosis were observed.

scholarly journals Sarcocystis spp. in red deer (Cervus elaphus), fallow deer (Dama dama), and pudu (Pudu pudu) in southern Chile

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 874-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Reyes Lobão-Tello ◽  
Enrique Paredes ◽  
María José Navarrete-Talloni
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
First Record ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Dama Dama ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Sarcocystis Spp

ABSTRACT: Worldwinde, cervids are considered an important source of infection and dissemination of a wide variety of pathogens, both for farm animals and humans. Among this diseases is sarcosporidiosis, which is a parasitic disease caused by Sarcocystis spp. (Protozoa: Apicomplexa). Most frequent clinical signs are hemolytic anemia, weakness, weight loss and decrease of growth and some species of Sarcocystis might cause abortions. The clinical disease in ruminants is fairly rare but the infection is very frequent. Infections are accumulative and the parasite does not generate immunity in any of the hosts. Ovine sarcosporidiosis is a serious issue in the some regions of Chile due to the macrocysts located in the muscle which means condemnation of the whole carcass. Sarcocystis spp. has been widely reported in red deer and other cervid species but in Chile the situation remains unknown. Nowadays there is little to no evidence of Sarcocystis in foreign deer in Chile and there is only one report of the parasite on pudu. The main goal of this study is to demonstrate the presence of Sarcocystis spp. in myocardium of red deer and fallow deer in Chile, and confirm the presence of Sarcocystis spp. in pudu. All cervid cases from 1994 to 2013 of the Institute of Animal Pathology of the Universidad Austral de Chile were reviewed. The animals selected were those in which a myocardium sample was taken. From the histopathological samples observed, it was found that 5 of the 9 red deer, 1 of the 4 fallow deer and in 11 of the 23 pudu there were Sarcocystis cysts in the myocardium. This study represents the first record for Chile of Sarcocystis spp. in myocardium of red deer and fallow deer. Stablishing the red deer, fallow deer and pudu as hosts of Sarcocystis aids to have a better understanding of the parasite epidemiology in Chile and the role of wild and captive cervids in the maintenance and spread of these parasites.

scholarly journals Canine adenovirus type 1 causing neurological signs in a 5-week-old puppy

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Hornsey ◽  
Hélène Philibert ◽  
Dale L. Godson ◽  
Elisabeth C. R. Snead
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Adenovirus Type ◽  
Intranuclear Inclusion ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Timely Reminder

Abstract Background Infectious canine hepatitis is a rarely encountered disease, that is caused by Canine Adenovirus-1. Clinical signs can vary dramatically, and neurological signs are rarely seen. Neurological manifestation of this disease is rarely reported in the veterinary literature. Case presentation A 5-week-old, male entire Husky cross puppy presented for a one-day history of abnormal neurological behaviour (circling, ataxia, vocalization and obtund mentation). The puppy was euthanized shortly after presentation due to rapid deterioration. Histopathology raised concerns for Canine Adenovirus 1 (CAdV-1) based on vasculitis in the brain and intranuclear inclusion bodies in endothelial cell and hepatocytes; immunohistochemistry on brain tissue confirmed CAdV-1 infection. Conclusions This report discusses possible routes of infection and manifestations of adenovirus infections causing neurologic signs. It also provides a timely reminder that CAdV-1 should be considered a differential in unvaccinated dogs that present with neurological signs. Further studies are required to better understand the neurotrophic tendencies of this virus.

scholarly journals Distribution and transmission of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus) studied by faecal culture, serology and IS900 RFLP examinations

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 510-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kopecna ◽  
I. Parmova ◽  
L. Dvorska-Bartosova ◽  
M. Moravkova ◽  
V. Babak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Faecal Culture ◽  
Rflp Type

The objectives of this study were the determination of <I>Mycobacterium avium</I> subsp. <I>paratuberculosis</I> (MAP) distribution in organs of farmed red deer (<I>Cervus elaphus</I>) and the investigation of its vertical and horizontal spread among animals, using serology, cultivation and the standardized IS<I>900</I> RFLP method. During the three year of study, the production of antibodies for <I>MAP</I> increased from 0 in the first year to 7.7% (positive) and 0 to 88.5% (dubious) in the third year of the study. The first performed global culture examination of faecal samples from 28 animals was negative for <I>MAP</I>. In the three subsequent examinations of animals, the following positivity was found: 5.9%, 34.6%, and 36.8%, respectively. In the last year of the study, clinical signs such as diarrhoea were observed in four animals. The animals with clinical symptoms and those that were found to be infected with <I>MAP</I> by serology or faecal culture were euthanized. <I>MAP</I> was isolated from the intestinal tract and pulmonary lymph (tracheobronchial or mediastinal lymph nodes) nodes of all studied animals. Apart of this <I>MAP</I> was also isolated from reproductive organs, such as the mammary gland, milk, uterus, amniotic fluid and testicles. Application of the IS<I>900</I> RFLP method revealed that the prevailing <I>MAP</I> isolates were of RFLP type B-C1; this profile was found in all types of tissue samples as well as in faeces, milk and amniotic fluid. In five animals a mixed infection of two profiles B-C1 and B-C5 or B-C1 and B-C16 was detected.

scholarly journals Toxicopathological effects of lead acetate on the brain of male mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (0E) ◽  
pp. 340-346
Author(s):  
Bassim M. Jwad
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Stomach Tube ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
The Brain

The aim of the present study is to determine the influence of different doses of lead acetate on the central nerves system. 25 Swiss strain white mice were used, each weighing about 30 –32 g, divided into three groups, first group (n=10) treated with 0.5 ml. contain 150 mg/kg/body weight lead acetate via stomach tube daily for 40 days, second group (n=10) treated with 0.5 ml. contain 300 mg/kg/body weight lead acetate via stomach tube daily for 40 days. While the third group (n=5) served as control and were given mammalian physiological saline. Clinical signs were reported during the course of the study, then at day 40 post treatment , all animal were sacrificed and post mortem examination was done and any gross lesions were reported, then the pieces of brain was fixed in 10% formalin for 72 hours .The pathological results showed congestion of cerebellum and cerebrum of both treated group but the 2nd group was more sensitive. Histopathological examination of 1st group expressed moderate pathological lesions, characterized by extracellular edema around neuron cells and Virchow Robbin space , as well as proliferation of astrocyets in the white matter , also central chromatolysis of neurons and Nissle granules with homogenous pink their cytoplasm in 1st G. while in 2nd G the main lesions characterized by severe congestion of blood vessels with inflammatory cells infiltration in the lumen of arachnoids' space and brain parenchyma as well as hemorrhage with aggregation of microglia in the wall of blood vessels which characterized by round shape and clear cytoplasm (microgliosis). Also severe neuron degeneration, with Alzheimer's type-II astrocyets are reported in other animals characterized by pairs observed surrounded by clear space. And there is no clear pathological lesion in control group.In conclusion the present study investigated that the lead acetate affected on the brain tissue, and the degree of influence depended on the concentration of the toxic dose.

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