scholarly journals Stable Isotope Composition in Surface Water in the Upper Yellow River in Northwest China

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyu Shi ◽  
Shengjie Wang ◽  
Athanassios A. Argiriou ◽  
Mingjun Zhang ◽  
Rong Guo ◽  
...  

Although stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in surface waters (especially in river waters) are useful tools to understand regional hydrological processes, relevant information at some upper reaches of large rivers in western China is still limited. During 2016–2017, we focused on the Liujiaxia Reservoir along the upper Yellow River, where we collected surface water samples at two locations, above and below the dam (identified as “lake water” and “river water”). The results show that the heavy isotopes in lake and river waters are enriched during the warm months, when the river discharge is large, and depleted during the cold months. The slopes of the water line (δ2H versus δ18O) for both the lake and river waters were lower than that of the global mean, due to evaporation. The different d values of the lake and river water reflect the regional evaporation and water sources.

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-114
Author(s):  
Xiuyan Jing ◽  
Hongbin Yang ◽  
Na Wang

Abstract The chemical evolution of groundwater has received close attention from hydro-geologists. Northwest China largely consists of arid and semi-arid regions, where surface water and groundwater frequently exchange with each other, and where the mixing and water–rock interactions significantly affect the direction of water quality evolution. Based on experimental simulation, this paper investigates the interactions among the Yellow River water, groundwater and rocks in Yinchuan. The study found that when groundwater is mixed with the Yellow River water, the Yellow River water has a certain dilution effect on the hydro-chemical composition of groundwater; however, this effect is not simply diluted by proportion for no reaction between irons, but a portion of calcium, sulfur, and carbonate form precipitates. After mixing of the Yellow River water, groundwater and rocks, the pH increased, and the carbon dioxide system reached equilibrium again. In addition, CO32− was produced. While Na+ increase was mainly due to dissolution, SO42− decrease was because of precipitation. The precipitation or dissolution of Ca2+, Mg2+, and CO32− mainly depended on the mixing ratio between groundwater and river water, which suggested the reversible behavior of the dissolution-precipitation of carbonate minerals.


2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 600-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Mahmoudi ◽  
E. Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad ◽  
B. Kazemi ◽  
A. Haghighi ◽  
A. Mirzaei ◽  
...  

Little is known about the diversity and public health significance of Cryptosporidium species in river waters in Iran. In the present study, we determined the genotype and subtype distribution of Cryptosporidium spp. in river water samples in Iran. A total of 49 surface water samples were collected from rivers and surface water in Guilan and Tehran provinces during 2009–2010. Water samples were filtrated through a 1.2-μm pore size membrane filter or by Filta-Max filter followed by immunomagnetic separation or sucrose purification methods. Genotype and subtype of Cryptosporidium were identified by sequence analysis of the 18S rRNA and 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) genes, respectively. A total of 24 (48.97%) water samples were positive for Cryptosporidium species by the 18sRNA-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-sequencing technique. DNA sequencing revealed the presence of five species of Cryptosporidium (C. parvum, C. hominis, C. muris, C. andersoni, and C. canis) in the water samples of the study area and, to our knowledge, the first report of C. muris in Iran. The results of GP60 gene analysis showed that all C. parvum and C. hominis isolates belonged to the IId and Id subtype families, respectively. The investigated river water supplies were heavily contaminated by pathogenic species of Cryptosporidium from humans and livestock. There is potential risk of waterborne cryptosporidiosis in humans and animals.


Author(s):  
Erika Sandman ◽  
Camille Simon

AbstractThis paper outlines Tibetan morphosyntactic features transferred into two genetically unrelated and typologically distinct languages, Salar (Turkic) and Wutun (Sinitic), both spoken in the same linguistic area, the Amdo Sprachbund located in the Upper Yellow River basin in Western China.


2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1014-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Niu ◽  
Baisheng Ye ◽  
Yongjian Ding ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Yinsheng Zhang ◽  
...  

Watersheds in cold regions are undergoing climate warming and permafrost degradation, which result in quantitative shifts in surface water–groundwater interaction. Daily discharge, annual maximum frozen depth (AMFD) of seasonal frozen soil, precipitation and negative degree-day temperature were analyzed to explore changes and correlations of climate, runoff and permafrost in the Upper Yellow River Basin from 1980 to 2009. Plausible permafrost degradation trends were found at two of the stations, but an unsubstantiated trend was found at Huangheyan Station. The winter recession processes slowed down gradually from 1980 to 2009 at three stations but had little relation to AMFD. Meanwhile, the ratio of monthly maximum to minimum discharge reduced significantly. It is clear that permafrost degradation and runoff variations have already occurred in the basin, particularly in zones where the permafrost coverage is above 40%. It is proposed that the variations in the hydrological regimes were caused by permafrost degradation which enlarged infiltration and sub-surface water contribution to winter discharge. The differences of changes in runoff generation and confluence in various regions were thought to be affected by different permafrost coverage and changes because the exchange of groundwater and surface-water mediated by permafrost.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9369
Author(s):  
Jiaxin Wang ◽  
Mingjun Zhang ◽  
Athanassios A. Argiriou ◽  
Shengjie Wang ◽  
Deye Qu ◽  
...  

The stable isotopes (δD and δ18O) in soil water allow tracing of the flow and transportation of water in the soil. However, there are few studies on the use of soil water stable isotopes to explore the soil water in the floodplain, especially in determining the soil water source and infiltration mechanism. The Bayesian mixing model (MixSIAR) was integrated with the line conditioned excess (lc-excess) of stable isotopes (δD and δ18O) in precipitation, soil water (0–150 cm), river water, and groundwater to determinate the source and recharge mechanisms of two different soil profile types in the floodplain of the upper Yellow River in Lanzhou, China. The results showed that soil water below 80 cm was affected by river water recharge, affecting soil water content and stable isotopic composition at S1 sampling points (profile parallel to river water); this effect was not observed at S2 (profile is higher than the river water) sampling points. The isotopic compositions of the soil water sources at the two sampling points (S1: δD = −77.41‰, δ18O = −11.01‰; S2: δD = −74.02‰, δ18O = −10.56‰) were depleted more than those in the long-term amount-weighted precipitation isotopes (δD = −56.30‰, δ18O = −8.17‰). The isotope signatures of soil water sources are similar to the isotope characteristics of some high-intensity precipitation events (≥30 mm/day), indicating that soil water originates from a fraction of the total precipitation. The piston flow (60%) and the preferential flow (40%) coexist, but soil moisture and rainfall intensity will affect the sequence of the two infiltration methods. This study provides insights for understanding the hydrological process of the upper Yellow River and evaluating groundwater quality and protecting the floodplain environment.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1003 ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Shuang Zhao ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Wei Hua Yang ◽  
Zhang Jian Zou

Natural organic matter (NOM) is easily soluble in surface water and difficult to be removed thoroughly. In this paper, polyaluminum chloride-polyacrylamide (PAC-PAM), as a new water treatment material, was proposed to solve this problem by coagulation treatment. The performance, mechanism and kinetic process of NOM removal were investigated systematically. Results showed that the optimum dosage of PAC and PAM was 10 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L for NOM removal of Yellow River water. In this condition, NOM could be removed effectively due to positively charged PAM addition. The size, growth rate and recovery factor of flocs generated by PAC-PAM reached 419 μm, 34.9 μm/min and 0.48, respectively, while only 355 μm, 27.9 μm/min and 0.31 were obtained by PAC. Moreover, the adsorption and bridging effect of PAM assisted the formation of multi-branched flocs, which brought fast settle velocity and low turbidity of supernatant after coagulation.


2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang ZHANG ◽  
Fa-Dong LI ◽  
Jing LI ◽  
Shuai SONG ◽  
Wen-Jing CAI ◽  
...  

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