scholarly journals Birch Bog on Anthropogenically Transformed Raised Bogs. A Case Study from Pomerania (Poland)

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofia Sotek ◽  
Małgorzata Stasińska ◽  
Ryszard Malinowski ◽  
Renata Gamrat ◽  
Małgorzata Gałczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Human Impact ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Peat Bog ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Raised Bogs ◽  
Arable Fields ◽  
Secondary Habitats ◽  
Habitat Drying

Birch bog is formed on the margins of or within raised bogs, on secondary habitats. The study aim was to understand the vegetation and mycological diversity of birch bog on the background of habitat conditions on raised bogs subject to anthropogenic changes, including 15 areas located on seven bogs. Two of the analyzed areas were located on a peat bog not subject to human impact. Phytosociological and mycosociological relevés were taken and substrate analyses were carried out (pH, humidity, N-NH4, N-NO2, N-NO3 and P-PO4). Based on habitat predictors, two area groups were distinguished, differing primarily in humidity. More humid habitats were present on the margins of bogs, and were characterized by lower acidity and higher N-NH4 and P-PO4 abundance. Despite the fact they were enriched by runoffs from the neighboring arable fields, this was not always reflected in the plant and fungi species richness. Quercus robur appeared on less humid habitats, which may be a symptom of unfavorable changes toward habitat drying. In the majority of cases, changes in the habitat independent of the birch patches located and the human impact type are not yet reflected in the vegetation. However, they may be indicated by the fungal diversity, highest in former peat extraction pits, and lowest in pristine peat.

scholarly journals The distribution pattern of mire specialist butterflies in raised bogs of the northern lowlands of Central Europe

2022 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Robert S. Sommer ◽  
Volker Thiele ◽  
Gennadi Sushko ◽  
Marcin Sielezniew ◽  
Detlef Kolligs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Peat Bogs ◽  
Peat Bog ◽  
Northern Germany ◽  
Raised Bogs ◽  
The Face ◽  
Boloria Aquilonaris

Raised bogs are extreme and azonal ecosystems with a characteristic hydrological balance, microclimatic conditions and a specific flora and fauna. Recently, these ecosystems have increasingly become the focus of scientific and general attention because of their important ecosystem roles in the face of global warming and providing biodiversity refuges. From a biogeographical and evolutionary context, the peat bogs of the European Lowlands serve as palaeorefugia, acting as cold, edaphic island habitats for arcto-alpine or boreo-montane insect species in temperate biomes. Analysing 105 peat bog sites in the northern lowlands of Central Europe, we compare the diversity and geographic distribution pattern of a subset of six butterfly species, which appear to be tyrphobiontic or tyrphophile mire specialists. We demonstrate a decrease in mean species number in the European Lowlands on a gradient from the east (Northern Belarus, about 4 species) to the west (Northern Germany, about 1 species), and suggest that the decreasing species number may be mainly caused by human impact in the past. The individual distribution pattern shows a nearly complete gap in occurrence of the sensitive bog specialist species Colias palaeno and Boloria eunomia in Northern Germany and an increasing presence of those species in peat bogs of eastern Europe. Boloria aquilonaris shows a different pattern, which, in contrast to C. palaeno, is continuously distributed in all sampled regions and seems to be the more tolerant of tyrphobiontic butterflies in the face of human impact on peat bogs. In the light of other recent findings our results also suggest that Boloria aquilonaris and Plebejus optilete may serve as target species reflecting success in ecological restoration of peat bog ecosystems.

scholarly journals Impact of Thermotherapy and Short-Term Storage on Quercus robur L. Acorn Mycobiota and Germination

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 528
Author(s):  
Jelena Kranjec Orlović ◽  
Damir Drvodelić ◽  
Marko Vukelić ◽  
Matea Rukavina ◽  
Danko Diminić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Isolation Frequency ◽  
Short Term Storage ◽  
Penicillium Spp ◽  
Term Storage

When natural regeneration of Quercus robur stands is hampered by an insufficient acorn yield, human assisted sowing of acorns collected in non-affected stands and stored for some period of time is performed. To inhibit the development of fungi and acorn deterioration during storage, thermotherapy is usually applied by submerging acorns for 2.5 h in water heated to 41 °C. This research aimed to test the effect of four thermotherapy treatments of different durations and/or applied temperatures as well as short-term storage at −1 °C or 3 °C on acorn internal mycobiota and germination. Fungal presence in cotyledons was analyzed in 450 acorns by isolation of mycelia on artificial media, followed by a DNA-based identification. Germination of 2000 acorns was monitored in an open field trial. Thermotherapy significantly decreased fungal diversity, while storage at 3 °C increased the isolation frequency of several fungi, mainly Penicillium spp. The most frequently isolated fungi did not show a negative impact on acorn germination after short-term storage. The study confirmed the efficiency of thermotherapy in the eradication of a part of acorn internal mycobiota, but also its effect on the proliferation of fast-colonizing fungi during storage. However, the latter showed to be more stimulated by storage conditions, specifically by storage at 3 °C.

scholarly journals Terpenoid emissions from Quercus robur. A case study of Galicia (NW Spain)

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora Pérez-Rial ◽  
Josep Peñuelas ◽  
Purificación López-Mahía ◽  
Joan Llusià
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Nw Spain

Effects of extreme habitat conditions on otolith morphology – a case study on extremophile livebearing fishes (Poecilia mexicana, P. sulphuraria)

Zoology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 114 (6) ◽  
pp. 321-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Schulz-Mirbach ◽  
Rüdiger Riesch ◽  
Francisco J. García de León ◽  
Martin Plath
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Poecilia Mexicana ◽  
Otolith Morphology ◽  
Extreme Habitat

Exuberant Life

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Durham
Keyword(s):  
Human Impact ◽  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Social Ecological Systems ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
History Of ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Marine Iguanas ◽  
Systems Framework

Why is Galápagos so endlessly fascinating, whether to read about, to visit, or both? Reasons include its menagerie of truly unusual organisms (like tree daisies, marine iguanas, and flightless cormorants), its relatively low human impact (most of its endemic biodiversity is still extant), and its unrivalled role in the history of science ever since Charles Darwin. Exuberant Life offers a contemporary synthesis of what is known about the evolution of the curiously wonderful organisms of Galápagos, of how they are faring in the tumultuous world of human-induced change, and how evolution can guide efforts today for their conservation. In eight case-study chapters, the book looks at each organism’s ancestry, at how and when it came to Galápagos, and how and why it changed since its arrival, all with an eye to its conservation today. Such analysis often provides surprises and suggestions not previously considered, like the potential benefits to joint conservation efforts with tree daisies and tree finches, for example, or ways that a new explanation for peculiar behaviors in Nazca and blue-footed boobies can benefit both species today. In each chapter, a social-ecological systems framework is used, because human influence is always present, and because it allows an explicit link to evolution. We see how the evolutionary fitnesses of Galápagos organisms are now a product of both ecological conditions and human impact, including climate change. Historically, Galápagos has played a central role in the understanding of evolution; what it now offers to teach us about conservation may well prove indispensable for the future of the planet.

Detecting changes in riparian habitat conditions based on patterns of greenness change: A case study from the Upper San Pedro River Basin, USA

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Bruce Jones ◽  
Curtis E. Edmonds ◽  
E. Terrance Slonecker ◽  
James D. Wickham ◽  
Anne C. Neale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Riparian Habitat ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
San Pedro River ◽  
San Pedro

Defining ecologically relevant vessel parameters in Quercus robur L. for use in dendroecology: a pointer year and recovery time case study in Central Germany

Trees ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1041-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britt Maria Kniesel ◽  
Björn Günther ◽  
Andreas Roloff ◽  
Georg von Arx
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Time ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Central Germany

scholarly journals The occurence of rare and protected plant species on the peat bog near Lake Bikcze (Łęczyńsko-Włodawskie Lakeland)

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Pogorzelec ◽  
Barbara Banach
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Peat Bog ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Drosera Rotundifolia ◽  
Western Shore ◽  
Betula Humilis ◽  
Menyanthes Trifoliata

This paper presents the results of a pilot field study, conducted in July 2007, designed to make floristic evaluation of the peat bog area adjacent to the western shore of Lake Bikcze (Łęczyńsko-Włodawskie Lakeland). The main aim of the study was to confirm the occurrence of populations of rare and legally protected plant species in this area and to identify, on a preliminary basis, habitat conditions in their stands. The occurrence of populations of the following strictly protected plant species: <i>Betula humilis</i>, <i>Salix lapponum</i>, <i>Salix myrtilloides</i>, <i>Carex limosa</i>, <i>Drosera intermedia</i>, <i>Drosera rotundifolia</i>, <i>Dactylorhiza incarnata</i>; and partially protected species: <i>Menyanthes trifoliata</i>, has been confirmed in the studied peat bog. Both an investigation of abiotic factors, conducted <i>in situ</i>, and an analysis of the species composition of the flora in terms of habitat preferences of particular groups of taxa have shown that the described rare plant species find suitable conditions for their growth and development in the studied peat bog.

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