scholarly journals F-Specific RNA Bacteriophage Transport in Stream Water: Hydro-Meteorological Controls and Association with Suspended Solids

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2250
Author(s):  
Núria Martínez-Carreras ◽  
Leslie Ogorzaly ◽  
Cécile Walczak ◽  
Christophe Merlin ◽  
Emmanuelle Montargès-Pelletier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Storm Runoff ◽  
Low Flows ◽  
Runoff Events

F-specific RNA bacteriophages (FRNAPHs) are commonly used as indicators of faecal and viral contamination in waters. Once they enter surface waters, the exact role of suspended solids, sediments and hydro-meteorological factors in their fluvial fate and transport is poorly understood, and long-term studies (e.g., over years) are lacking. In this study, FRNAPH concentrations and genogroup distribution were measured in the Orne River (France) during two years at weekly intervals, and during four storm runoff events. Hydro-meteorological driving factors were investigated at both time scales. FRNAPH concentrations and genogroups at different depths of a riverbank sediment core were also examined to better discriminate the origin of the faecal pollution. During low flows, the FRNAPH and the suspended solid transport were decoupled and the FRNAPH concentrations were mainly correlated with the air and water temperature. During storm runoff events, the FRNAPH concentrations only showed a significant correlation with conductivity, turbidity and water discharge. Despite the uncertainty of the predictions, multi parameter regression models using hydro-meteorological variables were suitable to predict log transformed FRNAPHs’ concentrations at low flows with a standard error of 0.46. Model performance using the storm runoff events dataset was low. This study highlights different driving factors at low flows and during storm runoff events, and the need to measure at both time scales to better understand phage transport dynamics in surface water.

scholarly journals An investigation on suspended solids sources in urban stormwater runoff using 7Be and 210 Pb as tracers

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1945-1950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengqing Yin ◽  
Liqing Li
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Storm Runoff ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Transport Pathways ◽  
A Value ◽  
Urban Catchments ◽  
Urban Stormwater Runoff

Radionuclides 7Be and 210Pb were used as tracers to identify suspended solid sources and transport pathways in the storm runoff events from urban catchments. Water samples were collected in runoff of storm events in Wuhan City, China. Suspended solids, COD, TN, TP, and the 7Be and 210Pb activities in the suspended solids were analyzed. Following the pathway of urban runoff pollution, the rain precipitation, urban ground dust, gutter sediments, and sewer deposit samples were analyzed for 7Be and 210Pb activities. The results show that the 7Be/210Pb ratio decreased through the system from a value of 0.86±0.44 in ground dust, to 0.63±0.18 in suspended solids in storm runoff from the sewer outlet, to 0.55±0.31 in gutter sediments, and to 0.41±0.13 in combined sewer deposits. The 7Be/210Pb ratio decrease suggests that 60±12% of suspended solids at sewer outlet originated from the drainage system sediments, the rest was from the wash-off of urban ground dust during the rainfall events. The 7Be and 210Pb trace approach can give insight into the short-term source and transport of pollutant during storm runoff in urban drainage systems and it can help to develop management strategies.

scholarly journals Ballast Water Treatment Performance Evaluation under Real Changing Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 817
Author(s):  
Pung-Guk Jang ◽  
Bonggil Hyun ◽  
Kyoungsoon Shin
Keyword(s):  
Ballast Water ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Ballast Tank ◽  
Filter Unit ◽  
Filter Clogging

We conducted a shipboard ballast water test using seawater of extreme turbidity collected from Shanghai Port (China) (>300 mg total suspended solids (TSS)/L), and normal seawater collected in other ports (<100 mg TSS/L). All three types of International Maritime Organization (IMO)-approved ballast water management system (BWMS) tested failed to properly operate because of filter clogging or insufficient generation of oxidants under near-fresh water conditions with extremely high concentration of suspended solid during ballasting. It was also found that the number of microorganisms increased with longer ballast water retention time, with higher numbers in the treated discharge water. The results suggest that when operating a BWMS involving a filter unit in areas with water having high concentrations of suspended solids, the filter unit should be used during ballast water discharge, rather than during ballasting. This method has the advantage of removing ≥50 µm organisms at discharge that could not be removed by a filter during ballasting. For ballast water retained for long storage times, the results suggest the use of BWMSs involving UV units or electrolysis during deballasting. In addition, BWMSs involving electrolysis units provide the opportunity to maintain residual total residual oxidant (TRO) levels, using a partial ballast tank. Although the BWMSs tested are a small subset of the large number of IMO-approved BWMSs, the results demonstrate that there is a significant gap between the technology currently available and capacity to meet IMO and US Coast Guard standards.

Modélisation du comportement des matières en suspension à l'effluent d'un décanteur primaire lamellaire

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 767-777
Author(s):  
P. Lessard ◽  
D. Martel ◽  
B. Desjardins
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Lumped Parameter Model ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Stirred Tank Reactors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Suspended Solid Concentration ◽  
In Series

Process modelling can prove a useful tool for the control of wastewater treatment plants. The objective of this research was to verify that a primary settling model developped for a conventional process is applicable to a process using lamellar settling. The lumped-parameter model examines the hydraulics of a system composed of stirred tank reactors in series and simulates suspended solid concentration of the effluent under various flow regimes. The model has been validated using data collected from a pilot lamella settler of a capacity of 15 m3 and operated over a wide range of flows (Hazen velocity between 0,43 and 2,59 m∙h−1). The prediction of the model was in agreement with the observed values both in terms of concentration and hydraulic behavior of effluent suspended solids (average relative error of 17%). How ever, less satisfactory was the model performance tested with the concentration data on settleable solids. Research is under way to study the different mechanisms of sedimentation going on in the settler. Key words: modelling, lamellar settling, settleable suspended solids.

Evaluation of nutrient runoff from the kako river by continuous daily sampling

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Yukio Komai
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Electronic Conductivity ◽  
High Water ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Discharge Condition ◽  
Nutrient Runoff ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Daily Sampling ◽  
A Site

A water sample was taken once a day for 15 months at a site near an estuary of the Kako River, Japan, to estimate nutrient loads from rivers to the sea. Total phosphorus (T-P), total nitrogen (T-N), suspended solids (SS) and electronic conductivity (EC) were measured. T-P and SS concentrations varied in proportion to the discharge, and T-P concentrations increased with those of SS, too. EC varied inversely with the discharge, but the fluctuations of T-N concentrations were less than those of T-P and SS concentrations. Water quality remained, for the most part, constant throughout the day. T-P, T-N and SS load were 181t/year, 2320t/year and 51000t/year in 1992, respectively, 54% of T-P load, 47% of T-N load and 80% of SS loads outflowed in those cases where the discharge was more than 100 m3/s, which were 36 days in 1992. 79% of T-P load, 69% of T-N load and 92% of SS load outflowed in periods of high water discharge, which were 88 in 1992. T-P and T-N loads calculated by using one day's data in every month were 151t/year and 2450t/year. But nutrient loads calculated by using the average value of data from an ordinary discharge were two or three times lower than calculated yearly loads. These results showed the importance of estimating the yearly load considering the discharge condition and sampling at a time of high water discharge.

scholarly journals Influence of Hydrological Model Selection on Simulation of Moderate and Extreme Flow Events: A Case Study of the Blue Nile Basin

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Onyutha
Keyword(s):  
Model Selection ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Nile Basin ◽  
Blue Nile ◽  
Low Flows ◽  
Blue Nile Basin ◽  
Extreme Flow

Five hydrological models were applied based on data from the Blue Nile Basin. Optimal parameters of each model were obtained by automatic calibration. Model performance was tested under both moderate and extreme flow conditions. Extreme events for the model performance evaluation were extracted based on seven criteria. Apart from graphical techniques, there were nine statistical “goodness-of-fit” metrics used to judge the model performance. It was found that whereas the influence of model selection may be minimal in the simulation of normal flow events, it can lead to large under- and/or overestimations of extreme events. Besides, the selection of the best model for extreme events may be influenced by the choice of the statistical “goodness-of-fit” measures as well as the criteria for extraction of high and low flows. It was noted that the use of overall water-balance-based objective function not only is suitable for moderate flow conditions but also influences the models to perform better for high flows than low flows. Thus, the choice of a particular model is recommended to be made on a case by case basis with respect to the objectives of the modeling as well as the results from evaluation of the intermodel differences.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF ANTHROPOGENIC ACTIVITY ON STREAM WATER QUALITY IN LANGSA, ACEH

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmy Akbar ◽  
Iwan Suyatna ◽  
Jailani Jailani ◽  
Singgih Afifa Putra ◽  
Fauziah Azmi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Surface Mining ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Stream Water Quality ◽  
Type C

Increased human activity towards the water bodies will change the condition of water quality. Case study in Langsa, Aceh, It was found that an increase in Some physical parameter (TSS) that exceeds the value determined in PP 82 of 2001 (Indonesian government standard). The high value of TSS in Station 2 and Station 3 indicates that the sediment loading to the water body is high, especially in Station 3, where the TSS concentrations far exceed the standard. Activity of type C surface mining materials tends to affect the brightness, turbidity, depth and TSS. Water conditions with low pH were also found in this study. In location studied no EPT larvae were found Keyword: Langsa, Water Quality, Stream, Total Suspended Solid, Anthropogenic Activity

scholarly journals QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF SURFACE WATERS AT ASPROLAKKAS RIVER BASIN, N.E. CHALKIDIKI, GREECE

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 1737
Author(s):  
E. Kelepertzis ◽  
A. Argyraki ◽  
E. Daftsis ◽  
D. Ballas
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
The Past ◽  
Surface Water Samples

The present study reports on a four sampling period (April 2008-July 2008-November 2008-February 2009) study of water quality in streams of NE Chalkidiki. A total of 80 surface water samples were collected and analysed for the major ions Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, Cl- , HCO3 - , SO4 2-, NO3 - and the trace elements Pb, Fe, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn, Mn and As. Also pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Temperature, as well as the stream water discharge at each sampling point, were determined in the field. The treatment and the subsequent evaluation of the data showed that the water samples are divided into three separate groups, reflecting the chemistry of water in the three sub-basins of the area i.e., Kokkinolakkas, Kerasia and Piavitsa. The water of the first one is possibly affected by the past mining activities of the area, whereas samples from the other two reflect the influence of sulphide mineralization on the hydrogeochemistry of the corresponding streams. No effect of the seasonal differentiation of stream water discharge was observed.

scholarly journals Sources and controls of calcium and magnesium in storm runoff: the role of groundwater and ion exchange reactions along water flowpaths

1997 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 671-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Chapman ◽  
B. Reynolds ◽  
H. S. Wheater
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Storm Runoff ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Mineral Horizon ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Pipe Water

Abstract. A combined hydrological and chemical investigation was undertaken in a small moorland catchment at Plynlimon to determine the processes controlling storm runoff chemistry. Flow from natural soil pipes, overland flow from peat soils, throughflow from a mineral horizon and streamflow were gauged and sampled intensively during seven storms. Stormflow Ca and Mg concentrations in stream water consistently exceeded those observed in overland flow, pipeflow and throughflow. The response of Ca and Mg to increases in streamflow varied between the storms and could not be explained readily by the mixing of the dominant source waters monitored within the catchment. Intensive sampling of pipe water along a major stormflow pathway revealed a large and consistent increase in the concentration of dissolved Ca and Mg accompanied by a corresponding decrease in acidity, the magnitude of which was strongly influenced by antecedent conditions. Analyses of soil exchangeable cations along the stormflow pathway revealed soils enriched in divalent cations probably derived from a groundwater source. Laboratory leaching experiments confirmed that rapid cation exchange reactions could explain the changes in pipe water chemistry along the stormflow pathway. The relative contribution of flow from pathways where these ion exchange reactions occur strongly influences the stormflow response of Ca and Mg in the stream. The results also highlight a potentially important, indirect role for base-rich groundwater in modifying storm runoff chemistry along water flowpaths.

Removal of Oily Wastewater Using Chitosan-filled Filter Media

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aziatul Niza Sadikin ◽  
Mohd Ghazali Mohd Nawawi ◽  
Norasikin Othman ◽  
Roshafima Rasit Ali ◽  
Umi Aisah Asli
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Fibrous Media ◽  
Filtration Process ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

The aim of this research is to evaluate the feasibility of the fibrous media for removal of total suspended solid and oil grease from palm oil mill effluent (POME). Wet lay-up method was adopted for filter fabrication where empty fruit bunches (EFB) were matted together with chitosan in non-woven manner. Chitosan-filled filter media were tested for their ability to reduce Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Oil & Grease (O&G) from palm oil mill effluent. Filtration process results indicated that chitosan-filled filter media filtration only removed up to 28.14% of TSS and 29.86% of O&G. 

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