scholarly journals Machine Learning Approach to Predict Quality Parameters for Bacterial Consortium-Treated Hospital Wastewater and Phytotoxicity Assessment on Radish, Cauliflower, Hot Pepper, Rice and Wheat Crops

Water ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Aneeba Rashid ◽  
Safdar A. Mirza ◽  
Ciara Keating ◽  
Umer Z. Ijaz ◽  
Sikander Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Hospital Wastewater ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Crop Irrigation

Raw hospital wastewater is a source of excessive heavy metals and pharmaceutical pollutants. In water-stressed countries such as Pakistan, the practice of unsafe reuse by local farmers for crop irrigation is of major concern. In our previous work, we developed a low-cost bacterial consortium wastewater treatment method. Here, in a two-part study, we first aimed to find what physico-chemical parameters were the most important for differentiating consortium-treated and untreated wastewater for its safe reuse. This was achieved using a Kruskal–Wallis test on a suite of physico-chemical measurements to find those parameters which were differentially abundant between consortium-treated and untreated wastewater. The differentially abundant parameters were then input to a Random Forest classifier. The classifier showed that ‘turbidity’ was the most influential parameter for predicting biotreatment. In the second part of our study, we wanted to know if the consortium-treated wastewater was safe for crop irrigation. We therefore carried out a plant growth experiment using a range of popular crop plants in Pakistan (Radish, Cauliflower, Hot pepper, Rice and Wheat), which were grown using irrigation from consortium-treated and untreated hospital wastewater at a range of dilutions (turbidity levels) and performed a phytotoxicity assessment. Our results showed an increasing trend in germination indices and a decreasing one in phytotoxicity indices in plants after irrigation with consortium-treated hospital wastewater (at each dilution/turbidity measure). The comparative study of growth between plants showed the following trend: Cauliflower > Radish > Wheat > Rice > Hot pepper. Cauliflower was the most adaptive plant (PI: −0.28, −0.13, −0.16, −0.06) for the treated hospital wastewater, while hot pepper was susceptible for reuse; hence, we conclude that bacterial consortium-treated hospital wastewater is safe for reuse for the irrigation of cauliflower, radish, wheat and rice. We further conclude that turbidity is the most influential parameter for predicting bio-treatment efficiency prior to water reuse. This method, therefore, could represent a low-cost, low-tech and safe means for farmers to grow crops in water stressed areas.

scholarly journals Hospital wastewater treated with a novel bacterial consortium (Alcaligenes faecalis and Bacillus paramycoides spp.) for phytotoxicity reduction in Berseem clover and Tomato crops

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneeba Rashid ◽  
Safdar A. Mirza ◽  
Ciara Keating ◽  
Sikander Ali ◽  
Luiza C. Campos
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Hospital Wastewater ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Berseem Clover ◽  
Hospital Wastewaters ◽  
Crop Irrigation

Abstract Hospital wastewaters are produced in large amount in Pakistan (∼362–745 L/bed.day) and are discharged without proper treatment. They are widely used by farmers for crop irrigation and induce a phytotoxic effect on plant growth. The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of untreated and treated hospital wastewater on seed germination of a fodder crop Trifolium alexandrinum (berseem clover) and a food crop Solanum lycopersicum (tomato). A bacterial consortium was formed with three bacterial strains, i.e., Alcaligenes faecalis and Bacillus paramycoides spp., which were individually proven efficient in previous studies. The concentrations of untreated and treated hospital wastewater (25, 50, 75 and 100%) were used to irrigate these crop seeds. To assess the efficiency of treatment, the germination percentage (GP), delay index (DI), germination index (GI), stress tolerance indices (STIs), seedling vigour index (SVI) and phytotoxicity index (PI) were calculated and were statistically proven significant. The seeds grown in treated wastewater concentrations showed negative values of Phytotoxicity indices (tomato: −0.36, −0.47, −0.78 and −1.11; berseem clover: −0.23) which indicate a stimulatory or non-toxic effect on seedling growth. Our work proposes that this bacterial consortium is efficient for hospital wastewater treatment before crop irrigation.

Waste stabilization ponds and rock filters: solutions for small communities

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.D. Mara ◽  
M.L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Pathogen Reduction ◽  
Crop Irrigation

In temperate climates facultative ponds and rock filters (either unaerated or, if ammonia removal is required, aerated) are a low-cost but high-performance treatment system for small rural communities. Effluent quality is suitable for surface water discharge or, in summer, for restricted crop irrigation. In tropical climates anaerobic and facultative ponds and either unaerated rock filters or, if ammonia reduction is required, subsurface horizontal-flow or vertical-flow constructed wetland, can be used if the effluents are discharged to surface waters. However, if the treated wastewater is to be used for crop irrigation, then a 3-log unit pathogen reduction by treatment in anaerobic, facultative and single maturation ponds is required for both restricted and unrestricted irrigation, provided that, in the case of unrestricted irrigation, there are in place post-treatment health-protection control measures that together provide a further 4-log unit pathogen reduction.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Quality of Liquid Digestate from Small-scale Anaerobic Biodigesters Used for Crop Irrigation in Urban and Peri-urban Maseru, Lesotho

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-46
Author(s):  
Emmanuel B. Tanor ◽  
Itumeleng Lejone ◽  
Sibusisiwe Magama ◽  
Mantopi Martina Lebofa
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Liquid Digestate ◽  
Crop Irrigation

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the quality of Liquid Digestate (LD) from selected small scale anaerobic digesters for biogas production and assess the suitability for crop irrigation. Methodology: The selection of the parameters was guided by national standards and international guidelines for the agricultural use of wastewater and wastewater treatment products. The analysis was carried out using standard methods. Results: The results showed that most of the parameters determined of the LD from the anaerobic reactors were within the ranges of the national standards and the FAO recommended guideline limits for crop irrigation with wastewater; pH (6.75-8.50), alkalinity 12.5-45.7 mg/L), EC 0.39-1.30dS/m), COD (82.3-158.0 mg.O2/L, SS (1.35-6.17 mg/L) and TDS (249.6-832.0 mg/L). The LD from the reactors contain some considerable amounts of plant nutrients; total nitrogen (11.5- 33.1 mg/L), ammonium nitrogen (2.3-22.0 mg/L), total phosphorous (1.5-121.6 mg/L) calcium (37.68-438 mg/L), magnesium (15.25-127-36 mg/L), sodium (4.67-32.47 mg/L), chloride (9.30-19.5 mg/L) and potassium (12.07-39.50 mg/L). The mean concentrations of the micronutrients cobalt (0.67-0.94 mg/L), copper (0.78-1.08 mg/L), iron (0.851.93 mg/L), manganese (0.09-0.20 mg/L), nickel (0.82-1.48 mg/L) and zinc (0.31-2.24 mg/L) were greater than the FAO guideline limits for wastewater used in crop irrigation, which suggests that the LD are potential low-cost biofertilizer. The level of toxic metals arsenic (0.65-0.87 mg/L), cadmium (0.70-0.97 mg/L), chromium (0.71-0.98 mg/L) and lead (0.55-1.46 mg/L), were higher than the recommended levels for use of treated wastewater in crop irrigation. The numbers of the common pathogenic microorganisms determined were much lower than the FAO and WHO recommended limits indicating that the liquid digestate will not pose any major health risk a biofertilizer. Conclusion: The nutrients and other parameters indicated that the quality of the LD is good enough to be used for crop irrigation without any restrictions.However, the LD should be used with caution, because of the levels of the toxic metals, which may accumulate in the soil after prolonged application. Also, extension services on best practices for the agricultural application of the LD should be made available to potential users to mitigate any potential negative environmental and health impacts.

scholarly journals Biodegradation of textile wastewater: enhancement of biodegradability via the addition of co-substrates followed by phytotoxicity analysis of the effluent

2018 ◽  
Vol 2017 (2) ◽  
pp. 516-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Belén Ceretta ◽  
Ignacio Durruty ◽  
Ana Micaela Ferro Orozco ◽  
Jorge Froilán González ◽  
Erika Alejandra Wolski
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Cod Removal Efficiency ◽  
Significant Efficacy ◽  
Microbial Treatments

Abstract This work reports on the biodegradation of textile wastewater by three alternative microbial treatments. A bacterial consortium, isolated from a dyeing factory, showed significant efficacy in decolourizing wastewater (77.6 ± 3.0%); the decolourization rate was 5.80 ± 0.31 mg of azo dye·L−1·h−1, without the addition of an ancillary carbon source (W). The degradation was 52% (measured as COD removal) and the products of the treatment showed low biodegradability (COD/BOD5 = 4.2). When glucose was added to the wastewater, (W + G): the decolourization efficiency increased to 87.24 ± 2.5% and the decolourization rate significantly improved (25.67 ± 3.62 mg·L−1·h−1), although the COD removal efficiency was only 44%. Finally, the addition of starch (W + S) showed both a similar decolourization rate and efficiency to the W treatment, but a higher COD removal efficiency (72%). In addition, the biodegradability of the treated wastewater was considerably improved (COD/BOD5 = 1.2) when starch was present. The toxicity of the degradation products was tested on Lactuca sativa seeds. In all treatments, toxicity was reduced with respect to the untreated wastewater. The W + S treatment gave the best performance.

scholarly journals Integrated System for Recycling and Treatment of Hazardous Pharmaceutical Wastewater

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Moursi El-Shamy ◽  
Ibrahim Abdelfattah ◽  
Abuarab ◽  
Ehab Mostafa ◽  
El-Awady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Pharmaceutical Wastewater ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Nile Water

Abstract This study aimed to investigate an integrated system that can deal with different pharmaceutical wastewater. Pharmaceutical wastewater was subjected to biological, chemical, and advanced oxidation according to its pollutant’s nature. Wastewater with high Total Suspended Solids (TSS 480 mg/l) was subjected to a conventional chemical treatment process utilizing different coagulants. The best results obtained by using Calcium Oxide and Alum aided with Calcium Oxide where, the removal efficiency of COD was 46.8% and 51 %. Highly loaded pharmaceutical wastewater (COD 9700 mg/l, BOD/COD 0.16) had been subjected to Fenton oxidation, removal of COD reached 80.4%, and the ratio of BOD/COD is enhanced to 0.6. Photocatalysis by using different nanomaterials was applied to pharmaceutical wastewater containing 10 mg/l of phenols. Phenol is completely removed by using Mesoporous TiO2 after 90 min irradiation and after 120 min in the case of TiO2/P25 and TiO2/UV 100 nanocomposites while it is removed by 40% in case of using Mesoporous TiO2/Ta2O5. Effluent treated water from previous routes was subjected to biological treatment and followed with disinfection by using UV as post-treatment. Final COD was 40 and it matches with Egyptian practice code for water reuse in agriculture. Results showed also using treated wastewater in irrigation of Barley and Bean seeds achieved germination ratio up to 71% in Barely and 70% in Bean compared with that irrigated with Nile water which reached 70% and 75%, while it was about 16.6% and 30% in case of irrigation with untreated wastewater.

scholarly journals Electrocoagulation: A Promising Method to Treat and Reuse Mineral Processing Wastewater with High COD

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaogui Jing ◽  
Shuai Ren ◽  
Yuesheng Gao ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
Zhiyong Gao
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Mineral Processing ◽  
Sulfide Mineral ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Promising Method ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Untreated Wastewater

Mineral processing wastewater contains large amounts of reagents which can lead to severe environmental problems, such as high chemical oxygen demand (COD). Inspired by the wastewater treatment in such industries as those of textiles, food, and petrochemistry, in the present work, electrocoagulation (EC) is applied for the first time to explore its feasibility in the treatment of wastewater with an initial COD of 424.29 mg/L from a Pb/Zn sulfide mineral flotation plant and its effect on water reuse. Typical parameters, such as anode materials, current density, initial pH, and additives, were characterized to evaluate the performance of the EC method. The results showed that, under optimal conditions, i.e., iron anode, pH 7.1, electrolysis time 70 min, 19.23 mA/cm2 current density, and 4.1 g/L activated carbon, the initial COD can be reduced to 72.9 mg/L, corresponding to a removal rate of 82.8%. In addition, compared with the untreated wastewater, EC-treated wastewater was found to benefit the recovery of galena and sphalerite, with galena recovery increasing from 25.01% to 36.06% and sphalerite recovery increasing from 59.99% to 65.33%. This study confirmed that EC is a promising method for the treatment and reuse of high-COD-containing wastewater in the mining industry, and it possesses great potential for wide industrial applications.

DECOLOURIZATION AND COD REMOVAL OF WASEWATER FROM ETHANOL PRODUCTION PROCESS FROM MOLASSES BY COAGULANTION USING INORGANIC ALUM

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-102
Author(s):  
Trung Duc Le
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Treatment Step ◽  
Main Material

The industrial production of ethanol by fermentation using molasses as main material that generates large quantity of wastewater. This wastewater contains high levels of colour and chemical oxygen demand (COD), that may causes serious environmental pollution. Most available treatment processes in Vietnam rely on biological methods, which often fail to treat waste water up to discharge standard. As always, it was reported that quality of treated wastewater could not meet Vietnameses discharge standard. So, it is necessary to improve the treatment efficiency of whole technological process and therefore, supplemental physico-chemical treatment step before biodegradation stage should be the appropriate choice. This study was carried out to assess the effect of coagulation process on decolourization and COD removal in molasses-based ethanol production wastewater using inorganic coaglutant under laboratory conditions. The experimental results showed that the reductions of COD and colour with the utilization of Al2(SO4)3 at pH 9.5 were 83% and 70%, respectively. Mixture FeSO4 – Al2(SO4)3 at pH 8.5 reduced 82% of colour and 70% of COD. With the addition of Polyacrylamide (PAM), the reduction efficiencies of colour, COD and turbidity by FeSO4 – Al2(SO4)3 were 87%, 73.1% and 94.1% correspondingly. It was indicated that PAM significantly reduced the turbidity of wastewater, however it virtually did not increase the efficiencies of colour and COD reduction. Furthermore, the coagulation processes using PAM usually produces a mount of sludge which is hard to be deposited.

Wastewater Reuse for River Recovery in Semi-Arid Israel

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Juanico ◽  
Eran Friedler
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Pollution Impacts ◽  
Semi Arid

Most of the water has been captured in the rivers of Israel and they have turned into dry river-beds which deliver only sporadic winter floods. In a semi-arid country where literally every drop of water is used, reclaimed wastewater is the most feasible water source for river recovery. Two topics are addressed in this paper: water quality management in rivers where most of the flowing water is treated wastewater, and the allocations of reclaimed wastewater required for the recovery of rivers and streams. Water quality management must consider that the main source of water to the river has a pollution loading which reduces its capability to absorb other pollution impacts. The allocation of treated wastewater for the revival of rivers may not affect negatively the water balance of the region; it may eventually improve it. An upstream bruto allocation of 122 MCM/year of wastewater for the recovery of 14 rivers in Israel may favor downstream reuse of this wastewater, resulting in a small neto allocation and in an increase of the water resources available to the country. The discharge of effluents upstream to revive the river followed by their re-capture downstream for irrigation, implies a further stage in the intensification of water reuse.

Costs of tertiary treatment of municipal wastewater by rapid sand filter with coagulants and UV

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Heinonen-Tanski ◽  
P. Juntunen ◽  
R. Rajala ◽  
E. Haume ◽  
A. Niemelä
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Bathing Waters ◽  
Filtration Unit ◽  
Microbial Groups

Municipal treated wastewater has been tertiary treated in a pilot-scale rapid sand filter. The filtration process was improved by using polyaluminium coagulants. The sand-filtered water was further treated with one or two UV reactors. The quality changes of wastewater were measured with transmittance, total phosphorus, soluble phosphorus, and somatic coliphages, FRNA-coliphages, FC, enterococci and fecal clostridia. Sand filtration alone without coagulants improved slightly some physico-chemical parameters and it had almost no effect on content of microorganisms. If coagulants were used, the filtration was more effective. The reductions were 88-98% for microbial groups and 80% for total phosphorus. The wastewater would meet the requirements for bathing waters (2,000 FC/100 ml, EU, 1976). UV further improved the hygiene level; this type of treated wastewater could be used for unrestricted irrigation (2.2 TC/100 ml, US.EPA 1992). The improvement was better if coagulants were used. The price for tertiary treatment (filtration + UV) would have been 0.036 Euro/m3 according to prices in 2001 in 22 Mm3/a. The investment cost needed for the filtration unit was 0.020 Euro/m3 (6%/15a). Filtration with coagulants is recommended in spite of its costs, since the low transmittance of unfiltered wastewater impairs the efficiency of the UV treatment.

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