scholarly journals Hydrochemical Characteristics of Earthquake-Related Thermal Springs along the Weixi–Qiaohou Fault, Southeast Tibet Plateau

Water ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Huiling Zhou ◽  
Xiaocheng Zhou ◽  
Hejun Su ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Fengli Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Western Boundary ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Geothermal Waters ◽  
The Difference

The Weixi–Qiaohou Fault (WQF) is considered an important zone of the western boundary of the Sichuan–Yunnan block, and its seismicity has attracted much attention after a series of moderate–strong earthquakes, especially the Yangbi Ms6.4 earthquake that occurred on 21 May 2021. In the present research, we investigate major and trace elements, as well as hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, of 10 hot springs sites located along the WQF, which are recharged by infiltrated precipitation from 1.9 to 3.1 km. The hydrochemical types of most analyzed geothermal waters are HCO3SO4-Na, SO4Cl-NaCa, and SO4-Ca, proving that they are composed of immature water and thus are characterized by weak water–rock reactions. The heat storage temperature range was from 44.1 °C to 101.1 °C; the circulation depth was estimated to range between 1.4 and 4.3 km. The results of annual data analysis showed that Na+, Cl−, and SO42− in hot springs decreased by 11.20% to 23.80% north of the Yangbi Ms5.1 earthquake, which occurred on 27 March 2017, but increased by 5.0% to 28.45% to the south; this might be correlated with the difference in seismicity within the fault zone. The results of continuous measurements of NJ (H1) and EYXX (H2) showed irregular variation anomalies 20 days before the Yangbi Ms6.4 earthquake. In addition, Cl− concentration is more sensitive to near-field seismicity with respect to Na+ and SO42−. We finally obtained a conceptual model on the origin of groundwater and the hydrogeochemical cycling process in the WQF. The results suggest that anomalies in the water chemistry of hot spring water can be used as a valid indicator of earthquake precursors.

scholarly journals Seleksi dan Optimasi Karakter Fisik Bakteri Penghasil Fitase yang Diisolasi dari Sumber Air Panas di Guci, Tegal

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Catur Suci Purwati ◽  
Sajidan Sajidan ◽  
Adi Ratriyanto ◽  
Adi Magna Patriadi Nuhriawangsa
Keyword(s):  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Relative Activity ◽  
Extracellular Phytase ◽  
Metal Cofactor ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Acid Substrate

<p>The aimed of this study to isolate, select and characterize physically phytase-producing bacteria<br />from hot springs in the Guci, Tegal. Isolation and enrichment of bacteria using Lurya Betani media<br />with 2% of phytic acid substrate. Extraction of extracellular phytase thus obtained extract coarse and<br />optimization by loking at the relative activity at the difference in the resulting product. Phytaseproducing<br />bacteria can be isolated from the hot springs of the Guci, Tegal with the highest relative<br />activity in AG2 and AG2-1 colonies. The highest relative activity at a temperature of 55°C, pH 6, the<br />incubation time of 90 minutes, the substrate concentration of 3% and a metal cofactor Ca2+ at a<br />concentration of 10-4M. Phytase-producing bacteria can be isolated from a hot spring in Guci, Tegal<br />and have certain physical characteristics.</p>

scholarly journals Chemical and isotopic signatures of hot springs from east-central Sonora State, Mexico: a new prospection survey of promissory low-to-medium temperature geothermal systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Almirudis ◽  
Edgar R. Santoyo-Gutiérrez ◽  
Mirna Guevara ◽  
Francisco Paz-Moreno ◽  
Enrique Portugal
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Reservoir Temperature ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Mineral Assemblages ◽  
The Mean

A promissory low-to-medium temperature geothermal system located in Sonora (Mexico) has been studied. In the present work, a detailed geochemical survey was carried out to understand the hydrogeochemical signatures of hot spring waters. A field work campaign was conducted for collecting water samples from twelve hot springs placed in four major zones (NW, NE, C, and S). The collected samples were analysed by chemical and isotopic methods for determining their chemical (major and trace elements) and isotopic (18O/16O and D/H) compositions. Using geochemometric analyses of the fluid composition and fractionation, depletion and enrichment processes exhibited by major and trace elements were analysed. Hydrogeochemical classification was used to indicate the presence of sodium-sulphate (Na-SO4) waters in the North (NW and NE) and South hydrothermal zones; whereas calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate (Ca-Mg-HCO3) waters were identified for the Central zone. Some hot spring waters located in the NE zone were also typified as sodium-bicarbonate (Na-HCO3). In relation to the isotopic signatures of 18O/16O and D/H, four water samples from NE and C zones lie near to the global meteoric water line; whereas the remaining eight samples showed a shift for both oxygen and deuterium isotopes. A mixing line with a small shift of δ18O was identified and used as a proxy to discriminate waters with different isotopic signatures. After applying a geochemometric outliers detection/rejection and an iterative ANOVA statistical test, the mean temperature inferred from the most reliable solute geothermometers was 149±40 °C, which suggests to be considered as the minimum value of the reservoir temperature. As most of the hot spring waters fall outside of the full equilibrium curve, the original reservoir conditions were corrected by using a mixing conductive model, which predicted a deep equilibrium temperature of 210±11 °C. As this temperature is considerably higher than the mean temperature inferred from the geothermometers, it was suggested as an optimistic maximum reservoir temperature of the Sonora geothermal system. Using 150 °C and 200 °C as rounded-off reservoir temperatures (or min-max estimates), geochemical equilibria modelling based on fluid-mineral stability diagrams was carried out. An equilibrium process among local hydrothermal waters and albite-potassium feldespar and muscovite-prehnite-laumontite mineral assemblages was found. These minerals were proposed as representative mineral assemblages of low-grade metamorphism, which seems to indicate that the geothermal fluid equilibria were probably reached within the intermediate to acidic volcanic rocks from the Tarahumara Formation.

scholarly journals Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of Hot Springs and Their Short-Term Seismic Precursor Anomalies along the Xiaojiang Fault Zone, Southeast Tibet Plateau

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2638
Author(s):  
Chenhua Li ◽  
Xiaocheng Zhou ◽  
Yucong Yan ◽  
Shupei Ouyang ◽  
Fengli Liu
Keyword(s):  
Fault Zone ◽  
Meteoric Water ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Epicentral Distance ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Seismic Precursor ◽  
Xiaojiang Fault

Significant hydrogeochemical changes may occur prior- and post-earthquakes. The Xiaojiang fault zone (XJF), situated in a highly deformed area of the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, is one of the active seismic areas. In this study, major and trace elements, and hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of 28 sites in hot springs along the XJF were investigated from June 2015 to April 2019. The meteoric water acts as the primary water source of the hot spring in the XJF and recharged elevations ranged from 1.8 to 4.5 km. Most of the hot spring water in the study area was immature water and the water–rock reaction degree was weak. The temperature range was inferred from an equation based on the SiO2 concentration and chemical geothermal modeling: 24.3~96.0 °C. The circulation depth for the springs was estimated from 0.45 to 4.04 km. We speculated the meteoric water firstly infiltrated underground and became heated by heat sources, and later circulated to the earth’s surface along the fault and fracture and finally constituted hot spring recharge. Additionally, a continuous monitoring was conducted every three days in the Xundian hot spring since April 2019, and in Panxi and Qujiang hot springs since June 2019. There were short-term (4–35 d) seismic precursor anomalies of the hydrochemical compositions prior to the Xundian ML4.2, Dongchuan ML4.2, and Shuangbai ML5.1 earthquakes. The epicentral distance of anomalous sites ranged from 19.1 to 192.8 km. The anomalous amplitudes were all over 2 times the anomaly threshold. The concentrations of Na+, Cl−, and SO42− are sensitive to the increase of stress in the XJF. Modeling on hydrology cycles of hot springs can provide a plausible physicochemical basis to explain geochemical anomalies in water and the hydrogeochemical anomaly may be useful in future earthquake prediction research of the study area.

scholarly journals Geochemical Characterization of Geothermal Spring Waters Occurring in South Part of Gujarat and West Coast Geothermal Province of Maharashtra, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anirbid Sircar ◽  
Kriti Yadav ◽  
Namrata Bist ◽  
Hemangi Gaurangbhai Oza
Keyword(s):  
West Coast ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Geothermal Water ◽  
Geothermal Waters ◽  
Geothermal Spring ◽  
Drinking Purposes ◽  
Industrial Operations ◽  
Tds Concentration ◽  
Ph Range

Abstract Geothermal waters are extensively useful for various purposes such as in industrial plants, societal benefits, irrigation, and domestic consumptions. However, its physiochemical characterization is very important before using it for any rationale. The main objective of this paper is to identify the hydro-chemistry of geothermal water which is placed in southern part of Gujarat such as Unai hot springs and Saputara geothermal springs, and west coast geothermal province (WCGP) like Tural-Rajwadi group of hot springs. The standard methods were used to carry out the analysis of geothermal water. Piper, Stiff, Gibbs, Extended Durov, and Wilcox diagrams have been plotted to categorize water samples in facies. Spatial distribution curves have also been plotted for geothermal regions of Gujarat and Maharashtra. The geochemistry of groundwater is influenced by the presence of most important ions like Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Cl-, HCO3-, and SO42-. Geothermal spring of Unai contains high TDS concentration around 1000 mg/l thus it cannot be used for drinking purposes but it can be utilized for domestic, balneology, and industrial purposes. However, after desalination this water can be utilized for drinking purposes. In Tural-Rajwadi hot springs TDS concentration was > 900 mg/l and pH range was between7-8 hence it can be used for domestic and industrial purposes. The temperature range of Tural-Rajwadi geothermal hot spring is 55-65°C which is very useful for milk pasteurization, industrial operations, space heating, balneology facilities like greenhouses and aquaculture ponds, and domestic purposes.

scholarly journals Tungsten Accumulation in Hot Spring Sediments Resulting from Preferred Sorption of Aqueous Polytungstates to Goethite

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12629
Author(s):  
Qian Zhao ◽  
Qinghai Guo ◽  
Li Luo ◽  
Ketao Yan
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Geochemical Processes ◽  
Geothermal Systems ◽  
Geothermal Waters ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Outflow Channel ◽  
Iron Bearing

Geothermal waters usually have elevated tungsten concentrations, making geothermal systems important sources of tungsten in the environment. To study the transport of tungsten in hot springs to hot spring sediment, which is one of the key processes for the release of geothermally derived tungsten to the surface environment, geochemical investigations of the hot springs and their corresponding sediments in Rehai (a representative hydrothermal area in southwestern China) and systematic laboratory experiments of tungstate and polytungstate adsorption onto typical iron-bearing minerals in hot spring sediments (i.e., pyrite and goethite) were conducted. The results demonstrate that considerable tungsten concentrations (i.e., not much less than 10 µg/L), formation of polytungstates under acidic conditions, and enrichment of iron oxide minerals represented by goethite are the prerequisites for extreme enrichment of tungsten in hot spring sediments (e.g., 991 µg/g in the ZZQ spring outflow channel). The absence of any of these conditions would weaken the immobilization of aqueous tungsten and result in higher mobility of tungsten in the hot springs and its further transport downstream, possibly polluting the other natural waters in and around Rehai that serve as local drinking water sources. This study provides an insight for identifying the key geochemical processes controlling the transport and fate of undesirable elements (in this case, tungsten) in geothermal systems.

scholarly journals Large-Scale Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Changes of Net Ecosystem Production in Hindu Kush Himalayan Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1180
Author(s):  
Da Guo ◽  
Xiaoning Song ◽  
Ronghai Hu ◽  
Xinming Zhu ◽  
Yazhen Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Geostatistical Model ◽  
Hindu Kush ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
The Difference

The Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region is one of the most ecologically vulnerable regions in the world. Several studies have been conducted on the dynamic changes of grassland in the HKH region, but few have considered grassland net ecosystem productivity (NEP). In this study, we quantitatively analyzed the temporal and spatial changes of NEP magnitude and the influence of climate factors on the HKH region from 2001 to 2018. The NEP magnitude was obtained by calculating the difference between the net primary production (NPP) estimated by the Carnegie–Ames Stanford Approach (CASA) model and the heterotrophic respiration (Rh) estimated by the geostatistical model. The results showed that the grassland ecosystem in the HKH region exhibited weak net carbon uptake with NEP values of 42.03 gC∙m−2∙yr−1, and the total net carbon sequestration was 0.077 Pg C. The distribution of NEP gradually increased from west to east, and in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, it gradually increased from northwest to southeast. The grassland carbon sources and sinks differed at different altitudes. The grassland was a carbon sink at 3000–5000 m, while grasslands below 3000 m and above 5000 m were carbon sources. Grassland NEP exhibited the strongest correlation with precipitation, and it had a lagging effect on precipitation. The correlation between NEP and the precipitation of the previous year was stronger than that of the current year. NEP was negatively correlated with temperature but not with solar radiation. The study of the temporal and spatial dynamics of NEP in the HKH region can provide a theoretical basis to help herders balance grazing and forage.

scholarly journals Origin of the low-medium temperature hot springs around Nanjing, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 820-834
Author(s):  
Jun Ma ◽  
Zhifang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Geothermal Water ◽  
Geological Condition ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Karst Landform ◽  
Karst Landforms ◽  
Development And Management

Abstract The exploration of the origin of hot spring is the basis of its development and utilization. There are many low-medium temperature hot springs in Nanjing and its surrounding karst landform areas, such as the Tangshan, Tangquan, Lunshan, and Xiangquan hot springs. This article discusses the origin characters of the Lunshan hot spring with geological condition analysis, hydrogeochemical data, and isotope data. The results show that the hot water is SO4–Ca type in Lunshan area, and the cation content of SO4 is high, which are related to the deep hydrogeological conditions of the circulation in the limestone. Carbonate and anhydrite dissolutions occur in the groundwater circulation process, and they also dominate the water–rock interaction processes in the geothermal reservoir of Lunshan. The hot water rising channels are deeply affected by the NW and SN faults. Schematic diagrams of the conceptual model of the geothermal water circulation in Lunshan are plotted. The origin of Tangshan, Tangquan, and Xiangquan hot springs are similar to the Lunshan hot spring. In general, the geothermal water in karst landforms around Nanjing mainly runs through the carbonate rock area and is exposed near the core of the anticlinal structure of karst strata, forming SO4–Ca/SO4–Ca–Mg type hot spring with the water temperature less than 60°C. The characters of the hot springs around Nanjing are similar, which are helpful for the further research, development, and management of the geothermal water resources in this region.

scholarly journals Radon Activity Concentrations in Natural Hot Spring Water: Dose Assessment and Health Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 920
Author(s):  
Eka Djatnika Nugraha ◽  
Masahiro Hosoda ◽  
June Mellawati ◽  
Untara Untara ◽  
Ilsa Rosianna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Dose Assessment ◽  
West Java

The world community has long used natural hot springs for tourist and medicinal purposes. In Indonesia, the province of West Java, which is naturally surrounded by volcanoes, is the main destination for hot spring tourism. This paper is the first report on radon measurements in tourism natural hot spring water in Indonesia as part of radiation protection for public health. The purpose of this paper is to study the contribution of radon doses from natural hot spring water and thereby facilitate radiation protection for public health. A total of 18 water samples were measured with an electrostatic collection type radon monitor (RAD7, Durridge Co., USA). The concentration of radon in natural hot spring water samples in the West Java region, Indonesia ranges from 0.26 to 31 Bq L−1. An estimate of the annual effective dose in the natural hot spring water area ranges from 0.51 to 0.71 mSv with a mean of 0.60 mSv for workers. Meanwhile, the annual effective dose for the public ranges from 0.10 to 0.14 mSv with an average of 0.12 mSv. This value is within the range of the average committed effective dose from inhalation and terrestrial radiation for the general public, 1.7 mSv annually.

scholarly journals Microbial Diversity of Terrestrial Geothermal Springs in Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1473
Author(s):  
Ani Saghatelyan ◽  
Armine Margaryan ◽  
Hovik Panosyan ◽  
Nils-Kåre Birkeland
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Geothermal Springs ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Terrestrial Hot Springs

The microbial diversity of high-altitude geothermal springs has been recently assessed to explore their biotechnological potential. However, little is known regarding the microbiota of similar ecosystems located on the Armenian Highland. This review summarizes the known information on the microbiota of nine high-altitude mineralized geothermal springs (temperature range 25.8–70 °C and pH range 6.0–7.5) in Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh. All these geothermal springs are at altitudes ranging from 960–2090 m above sea level and are located on the Alpide (Alpine–Himalayan) orogenic belt, a seismically active region. A mixed-cation mixed-anion composition, with total mineralization of 0.5 mg/L, has been identified for these thermal springs. The taxonomic diversity of hot spring microbiomes has been examined using culture-independent approaches, including denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), 16S rRNA gene library construction, 454 pyrosequencing, and Illumina HiSeq. The bacterial phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, and Firmicutes are the predominant life forms in the studied springs. Archaea mainly include the phyla Euryarchaeota, Crenarchaeota, and Thaumarchaeota, and comprise less than 1% of the prokaryotic community. Comparison of microbial diversity in springs from Karvachar with that described for other terrestrial hot springs revealed that Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Deinococcus–Thermus are the common bacterial groups in terrestrial hot springs. Contemporaneously, specific bacterial and archaeal taxa were observed in different springs. Evaluation of the carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen metabolism in these hot spring communities has revealed diversity in terms of metabolic activity. Temperature seems to be an important factor in shaping the microbial communities of these springs. Overall, the diversity and richness of the microbiota are negatively affected by increasing temperature. Other abiotic factors, including pH, mineralization, and geological history, also impact the structure and function of the microbial community. More than 130 bacterial and archaeal strains (Bacillus, Geobacillus, Parageobacillus, Anoxybacillus, Paenibacillus, Brevibacillus Aeribacillus, Ureibacillus, Thermoactinomyces, Sporosarcina, Thermus, Rhodobacter, Thiospirillum, Thiocapsa, Rhodopseudomonas, Methylocaldum, Desulfomicrobium, Desulfovibrio, Treponema, Arcobacter, Nitropspira, and Methanoculleus) have been reported, some of which may be representative of novel species (sharing 91–97% sequence identity with their closest matches in GenBank) and producers of thermozymes and biomolecules with potential biotechnological applications. Whole-genome shotgun sequencing of T. scotoductus K1, as well as of the potentially new Treponema sp. J25 and Anoxybacillus sp. K1, were performed. Most of the phyla identified by 16S rRNA were also identified using metagenomic approaches. Detailed characterization of thermophilic isolates indicate the potential of the studied springs as a source of biotechnologically valuable microbes and biomolecules.

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