Numerical Simulation of Hydrogen Leakage and Diffusion Process of Fuel Cell Vehicle

Regarding the problem of hydrogen diffusion of the fuel cell vehicle (HFCV) when its hydrogen supply system leaks, this research uses the FLUENT software to simulate numerical values in the process of hydrogen leakage diffusion in both open space and closed space. This paper analyzed the distribution range and concentration distribution characteristics of hydrogen in these two different spaces. Besides, this paper also took a survey about the effects of leakage rate, wind speed, wind direction in open space and the role the air vents play on hydrogen safety in closed space, which provides a reference for the hydrogen safety of HFCV. In conclusion, the experiment result showed that: In open space, hydrogen leakage rate has a great influence on its diffusion. When the leakage rate doubles, the hydrogen leakage range will expand about 1.5 times simultaneously. The hydrogen diffusion range is the smallest when the wind blows at 90 degrees, which is more conducive to hydrogen diffusion. However, when the wind direction is against the direction of the leakage of hydrogen, the range of hydrogen distribution is maximal. Under this condition, the risk of hydrogen leakage is highest. In an enclosed space, when the vent is set closest to the leakage position, the volume fraction of hydrogen at each time is smaller than that at other positions, so it is more beneficial to safety.

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Study on Influence Law of Urban Architectural Structure on the Automobile Exhaust Diffusion Based on CFD

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.751 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 178-181 ◽

pp. 751-755

Author(s):

Yong Zhang ◽

Zheng Qi Gu ◽

Zhen Wang ◽

Yong Yu

Keyword(s):

Wind Direction ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Great Influence ◽

Entire Study ◽

Automobile Exhaust ◽

Average Value ◽

Near Earth Space ◽

Urban Buildings ◽

Structural Layout ◽

Entire Study Area

For study the law of urban buildings, in particular, the buildings at both roads’ sides in crossroads impacting on the diffusion of automobile exhaust, using CFD, combined with meteorological wind，simulates a crossroads automobile exhaust diffusion processing during waiting 35s. The results are following: in poor circulation areas, CO volume fraction in the buildings near-Earth space is up to 1.0e-7 and more than 100 times average value of the entire study area, so buildings structural layout has great influence. After Analysis, propose that local meteorological wind direction and speed should be considered and different height gradient design should be selected in buildings structural layout, so that the exhaust spread rapidly and drift to the urban high altitude, in order to improve air quality.

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Medium and Long-term Sales Forecast of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles (HFCV) Based on System Dynamics and Discrete Selection Model

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202021802037 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 218 ◽

pp. 02037

Author(s):

Liqing Shao ◽

Xudong Li ◽

Shouxi Wu

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cell ◽

System Dynamics ◽

Great Influence ◽

Selection Model ◽

Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽

Fuel Cell Vehicles ◽

Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽

Hydrogen Fuel ◽

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles

Developing hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is an important direction for the transformation and upgrading of automobile industry, but its current development is not clear yet. This paper uses a discrete selection model and a system dynamics model to analyze the key factors affecting the sales of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, and analyze the vehicle purchasing behavior of consumers. The medium and long-term sales volume of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is predicted in various typical scenarios. The forecast results show that the government subsidies and changes in the number of hydrogen refueling stations have a great influence on the medium and long-term sales of hydrogen fuel cells. The energy prices and the breakthrough in the core technologies of key components also have a certain influence on future sales.

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A Numerical Analysis of Hydrogen Diffusion for Hydrogen Leakage from a Fuel Cell Vehicle in a Long Road Tunnel

Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society ◽

10.7316/khnes.2012.23.6.588 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 588-597

Author(s):

Jongrak Choi ◽

Nahmkeon Hur ◽

Moonkyu Lee ◽

Hyungjin Chang ◽

Kwangbum Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cell ◽

Numerical Analysis ◽

Hydrogen Diffusion ◽

Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽

Road Tunnel

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Numerical Simulation of Hydrogen Leakage from Fuel Cell Vehicle in an Outdoor Parking Garage

World Electric Vehicle Journal ◽

10.3390/wevj12030118 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 118

Author(s):

Yahao Shen ◽

Tao Zheng ◽

Hong Lv ◽

Wei Zhou ◽

Cunman Zhang

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cell ◽

Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽

Fuel Cell Vehicles ◽

Parking Garage ◽

Dispersion Process ◽

Flame Acceleration ◽

Thermally Activated ◽

Parking Garages ◽

Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽

Hydrogen Safety

It is significant to assess the hydrogen safety of fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) in parking garages with a rapidly increased number of FCVs. In the present work, a Flame Acceleration Simulator (FLACS), a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) module using finite element calculation, was utilized to predict the dispersion process of flammable hydrogen clouds, which was performed by hydrogen leakage from a fuel cell vehicle in an outdoor parking garage. The effect of leakage diameter (2 mm, 3 mm, and 4 mm) and parking configurations (vertical and parallel parking) on the formation of flammable clouds with a range of 4–75% by volume was considered. The emission was assumed to be directed downwards from a Thermally Activated Pressure Relief Device (TPRD) of a 70 MPa storage tank. The results show that the 0.7 m parking space stipulated by the current regulations is less than the safety space of fuel cell vehicles. Compared with a vertical parking configuration, it is safer to park FCVs in parallel. It was also shown that release through a large TPRD orifice should be avoided, as the proportion of the larger hydrogen concentration in the whole flammable domain is prone to more accidental severe consequences, such as overpressure.

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Modeling and analysis of hydrogen diffusion in an enclosed fuel cell vehicle with obstacles

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy ◽

10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.11.205 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yuejuan Li ◽

Xulei Hou ◽

Cheng Wang ◽

Qiubo Wang ◽

Wei Qi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cell ◽

Hydrogen Diffusion ◽

Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽

Modeling And Analysis

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Dynamic interaction between the electric drive train and fuel cell system for the case of an indirect methanol fuel cell vehicle

10.2514/6.2000-3039 ◽

2000 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Karl-Heinz Hauer

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cell ◽

Electric Drive ◽

Dynamic Interaction ◽

Cell System ◽

Drive Train ◽

Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽

Fuel Cell System ◽

Methanol Fuel Cell

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A Review of Hydrogen Purification Technologies for Fuel Cell Vehicles

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal11030393 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 393

Author(s):

Zhemin Du ◽

Congmin Liu ◽

Junxiang Zhai ◽

Xiuying Guo ◽

Yalin Xiong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cells ◽

Fuel Cell ◽

Carbon Emission ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Impurity Content ◽

Fuel Cell Vehicle ◽

Research Progress ◽

Hydrogen Purification ◽

Fuel Cell Vehicles ◽

Low Carbon

Nowadays, we face a series of global challenges, including the growing depletion of fossil energy, environmental pollution, and global warming. The replacement of coal, petroleum, and natural gas by secondary energy resources is vital for sustainable development. Hydrogen (H2) energy is considered the ultimate energy in the 21st century because of its diverse sources, cleanliness, low carbon emission, flexibility, and high efficiency. H2 fuel cell vehicles are commonly the end-point application of H2 energy. Owing to their zero carbon emission, they are gradually replacing traditional vehicles powered by fossil fuel. As the H2 fuel cell vehicle industry rapidly develops, H2 fuel supply, especially H2 quality, attracts increasing attention. Compared with H2 for industrial use, the H2 purity requirements for fuel cells are not high. Still, the impurity content is strictly controlled since even a low amount of some impurities may irreversibly damage fuel cells’ performance and running life. This paper reviews different versions of current standards concerning H2 for fuel cell vehicles in China and abroad. Furthermore, we analyze the causes and developing trends for the changes in these standards in detail. On the other hand, according to characteristics of H2 for fuel cell vehicles, standard H2 purification technologies, such as pressure swing adsorption (PSA), membrane separation and metal hydride separation, were analyzed, and the latest research progress was reviewed.

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