Polyculture in fish farming as a method of preventing fish diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
Grigory Emelyanovich Servetnik
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Fish Diseases ◽  
Host Body ◽  
Contagious Diseases

Methods of prevention of fish diseases are aimed at destroying parasites in the host body and in the fish habitat — in the reservoir (chemoprophylaxis, increasing fish resistance), at preventing parasites from entering the reservoir (limiting the import of fish, import of healthy fish, quarantine measures, etc.), as well as preventing their spread and entry into the host body. It is shown that polyculture is not only the most effective method of using the natural forage base of the reservoir and, as a result, increasing fish productivity, but also a means of preventing mass infectious and other fish diseases. To prevent mass infectious diseases of fish and death from them both in safe and unfavorable ponds of carp fish farms, it is advisable to grow other fish species together with carp that do not suffer from diseases peculiar to carp. As a result, so-called sparse species plantings of fish are created in the ponds, while the total biomass remains high. At the same time, the natural food supply of ponds is most fully used and a kind of biological buffer is created that prevents the emergence and spread of contagious diseases. Polyculture can play a particularly important role in pond farms that already have certain problems with rubella, filometroidosis, botryocephalosis, carp pox, etc. Long-term studies of breeding herds in pond farms have shown that most of them have single foci of diseases, which, if there are optimal conditions for the pathogen, are ready to immediately respond with an outbreak of the disease or are generally quarantined for a particular fish disease. When determining the objects of polyculture, it is necessary to reduce the proportion of fish species that have a significant number of common diseases.

PREVENTIVE MEASURES IN BREEDING FISHING FARMS: ECOLOGICAL AND VETERINARY ADDITIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
A. M. Naumova ◽  
◽  
L. A. Rozumnaya ◽  
A. Yu. Naumova ◽  
L. S. Loginov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Fish Health ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
Veterinary Research ◽  
Significant Damage

The influence of ecological, epizootological and technological factors on fish health was studied. It is shown that disregard of environmental, technological and veterinary-sanitary requirements in the reproduction and cultivation of fish leads to the emergence of contagious and non-contagious diseases and causes significant damage to fish farming. The analysis of previously approved veterinary and sanitary rules, instructions, recommendations for breeding and commercial fish farms, as well as patent documentation and scientific publications in the field of ecological and veterinary research in fish farming is carried out. The possibility of using modern ecological and veterinary-sanitary achievements for the protection of fish health is shown. The complex system of preventive measures (organizational, environmental-technological and veterinary-sanitary), supplemented by modern ecological and veterinary achievements, in its implementation will allow to reduce losses of fish products and increase efficiency of production.

Modern features of aquaculture of cyprinids in the republic of Iraq

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Farhan Yasin Hamed ◽  
Adelia Zakirovna Anokhina ◽  
Natalia Viktorovna Sudakova ◽  
Damelya Kazhigalievna Magzanova
Keyword(s):  
Silver Carp ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix ◽  
Fish Farms

It is shown that the leading role in the aquaculture of Iraq belongs to Cyprinids, which account for over 80 % of all fish farming production. The most widespread in the country are four main world species of carp aquaculture: common carp (Cyprinus carpio), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis). Basically, the traditional technology of growing Cyprinids in ponds is used, which includes the main fish farming processes: care of broodstock to prepare them for spawning, collecting eggs and milt, eggs fertilization and incubation of embryos, raising juveniles and marketable fish. Currently, there are about 2 thousand private fish farms, which have ponds of various sizes from 4 to 100 hectares. Cultivation of Cyprinids in Iraq is carried out mainly by extensive methods: the use of the natural food base of reservoirs with low fish stocking density in polyculture. The fish productivity of ponds varies greatly in different fish farms from 1,5 to 6 t/ha, which is due to economic reasons. The data on changes in the temperature of pond water during the year and hydrochemical indicators are given, which shows favorable conditions for Cyprinids rearing. Information on the use of compound feeds for growing carp in ponds is provided, and data on the composition and nutritional value of the feed used. The fish culture indicators for the main biotechnical processes of the rearing of four Cyprinid species in Iraq are described in detail. In the conclusion, it is indicated that for the effective development of aquaculture in Iraq, government support is needed in the form of a developed long-term program and legislative acts.

scholarly journals Importance of considering riparian vegetation requirements for the long-term efficiency of environmental flows in aquatic microhabitats

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 5763-5780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Rivaes ◽  
Isabel Boavida ◽  
José M. Santos ◽  
António N. Pinheiro ◽  
Teresa Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Environmental Flows ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
River Channel ◽  
Habitat Availability ◽  
Hydraulic Characteristics ◽  
Vegetation Development

Abstract. Environmental flows remain biased toward the traditional biological group of fish species. Consequently, these flows ignore the inter-annual flow variability that rules species with longer lifecycles and therefore disregard the long-term perspective of the riverine ecosystem. We analyzed the importance of considering riparian requirements for the long-term efficiency of environmental flows. For that analysis, we modeled the riparian vegetation development for a decade facing different environmental flows in two case studies. Next, we assessed the corresponding fish habitat availability of three common fish species in each of the resulting riparian landscape scenarios. Modeling results demonstrated that the environmental flows disregarding riparian vegetation requirements promoted riparian degradation, particularly vegetation encroachment. Such circumstance altered the hydraulic characteristics of the river channel where flow depths and velocities underwent local changes of up to 10 cm and 40 cm s−1, respectively. Accordingly, after a decade of this flow regime, the available habitat area for the considered fish species experienced modifications of up to 110 % when compared to the natural habitat. In turn, environmental flows regarding riparian vegetation requirements were able to maintain riparian vegetation near natural standards, thereby preserving the hydraulic characteristics of the river channel and sustaining the fish habitat close to the natural condition. As a result, fish habitat availability never changed more than 17 % from the natural habitat.

scholarly journals AQUAM—A Decision Support Software for Fish Farm Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Radulescu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Fish Farm ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Fresh Water Fish ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Support Software

In this paper, a software for management and decision support in a fish farm is presented. The software called AQUAM is dedicated to fresh water fish farms. Its aim is to make an efficient management of resources through planning, monitoring, analysis and decision support. Successful planning and management requires the integration of data related to ponds, fish species, fish growth, water and energy and economic analysis. AQUAM computes farm budgets relating various costs and returns in order to determine short and long term profitability. A simulation of the profit, as a function of the fish holding density, is performed with AQUAM. The data used in the simulation are from a fish farm of semi-intensive type, located in the region Danube Delta, at village Jurilovca, Tulcea county, Romania. The fish species that were taken into account were carp and sanger.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Fish Population in the Southwestern Part of the Onega Lake (Karelia) Based on the Results of Long-Term Monitoring

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1510-1515
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Coregonus Lavaretus ◽  
Southwestern Part ◽  
Onega Lake ◽  
Late Tertiary ◽  
Commercial Species

The results of the long-term ichthyological studies of the southwestern part (the Sheltozero – Brusno region) of the Onega Lake performed as part of the environmental monitoring have been presented. This is one of the most productive and clean areas in the lake. The fish population of the southwestern part of the Onega Lake includes 20 fish species that are representatives of 10 families belonging to six faunistic complexes. By the number of the species, the Carp family dominates. By the number of the species in this area of the lake, the Arctic freshwater, the boreal plain, and the boreal foothill complexes are equally important. The species of the freshwater Pontian, the Arctic marine, and the ancient Late Tertiary complexes together amount to no more than 25 % of the total population. In the southwestern region of the lake, there are many valuable commercial species (freshwater salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758), lavaret (Coregonus lavaretus lavaretus (Linnaeus, 1758)), pikeperch (Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758)), pike (Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758), etc. Smelt (Osmerus eperlanus (Linnaeus, 1758)) and vendace (Coregonus albula (Linnaeus, 1758)) are the most commercially valuable (75 – 85 %). The population-ecological analysis has shown a relatively good state of most studied fish species. For maintaining the existing structure and state of the fish population in the southwestern part of the Onega Lake, a set of measures is required, including the preservation and improvement of the fish habitat, the conditions for the fish reproduction and feeding; toughening the protective measures during periods with a decrease in the number of fish species; regulation of fishing, and increasing the amount of fish artificial reproduction, rearing, and releasing into the lake.

scholarly journals AQUAM – A decision support software for fish farm management

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Radulescu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Fish Farm ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Fresh Water Fish ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Support Software

In this paper a software for management and decision support in a fish farm is presented. The software called AQUAM is dedicated to fresh water fish farms. Its aim is to make an efficient management of resources through planning, monitoring, analysis and decision support. Successful planning and management requires the integration of data related to ponds, fish species, fish growth, water and energy and economic analysis.AQUAM computes farm budgets relating various costs and returns in order to determine short and long term profitability. A simulation of the profit, as a function of the fish holding density, is performed with AQUAM. The data used in the simulation are from a fish farm of semi-intensive type, located in the region Danube Delta, at village Jurilovca, Tulcea county, Romania. The fish species that were taken into account were carp and sanger.

scholarly journals Cultivation of young-of-the-year carp with the use of chlorella (Chlorella (Beijerinck, 1890)) suspension

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-47
Author(s):  
T. Hryhorenko ◽  
◽  
N. Savenko ◽  
N. Chuzhma ◽  
A. Bazaieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Average Biomass ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
Young Of The Year ◽  
Fish Productivity ◽  
Experimental Pond

Purpose. Investigate ecological conditions and determine fish productivity of ponds when growing young-of-the-year carp using a suspension of chlorella. Methodology. During the study, we used methods generally accepted in hydrochemistry, hydrobiology and fish farming. Findings. The article presents the results of the study on the use of chlorella suspension in the cultivation of carp. It was found that the use of chlorella suspension created favorable hydrochemical conditions resulting in intensive development of zooplankton, which had a positive effect on the growth of young-of-the-year carp and fish productivity of the pond. The development of the natural food supply was sufficient to meet the nutritional needs of juvenile carp. The average seasonal biomass of zooplankton in the experimental pond was 28.68 g/m3 that was 1.5 times higher than in the control. The share of cladocerans in the total biomass of zooplankton in the experimental pond was 76.6%, versus 36.8% in the control. The average biomass of zoobenthos for the growing season in the experimental was 1.3 times higher than in the control, and was formed by chironomid larvae, which are valuable in the food chain. Originality. The study investigated ecological conditions and fish productivity of growing ponds under conditions of the application of cattle manure and suspension of chlorella when growing carp in monoculture. Practical value. It was found that the use of chlorella suspension promotes the intensification of the development of zooplankton organisms in ponds. The obtained data can be used to develop practical recommendations for optimizing the conditions for growing carp seeds and increasing the biological productivity of ponds. Key words: nursery ponds, natural food supply, phytoplankton, zooplankton, zoobenthos, young-of-the-year carp, chlorella suspension, fish productivity.

scholarly journals Importance of considering riparian vegetation requirements for the long-term efficiency of environmental flows

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Rivaes ◽  
Isabel Boavida ◽  
José M. Santos ◽  
António N. Pinheiro ◽  
Teresa Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Environmental Flows ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
River Channel ◽  
Habitat Availability ◽  
Hydraulic Characteristics

Abstract. Environmental flows remain biased toward the traditional biological group of fish species. Accordingly, these flows ignore the inter-annual flow variability that rules species with longer life cycles, thereby disregarding the long-term perspective of the riverine ecosystem. We analyzed the influence of considering riparian requirements for the long-term efficiency of environmental flows. For that analysis, we modeled the riparian vegetation development for a decade facing different environmental flows in two case studies. Next, we assessed the corresponding fish habitat availability of three common fish species in each of the resulting riparian habitat scenarios. Modeling results demonstrated that the environmental flows disregarding riparian vegetation requirements promoted riparian degradation, particularly vegetation encroachment. Such circumstance altered the hydraulic characteristics of the river channel where flow depths and velocities underwent changes up to 10 cm and 40 cm s−1, respectively. Accordingly, after a decade of this flow regime, the available habitat area for the considered fish species experienced modifications in absolute from 18.16 % to 109.75 % compared to the natural habitat. In turn, environmental flows regarding riparian vegetation requirements were able to maintain riparian vegetation near natural standards, thereby preserving the hydraulic characteristics of the river channel and sustaining the fish habitat close to the natural condition. As a result, fish habitat availability never changed more than 16.17 % from the natural habitat.

scholarly journals NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF STARTERFEED FOR VALUABLE TYPES OF FISH GROWN IN COMMERCIAL CONDITIONS

2019 ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
Valentina Ivanovna Sidorova ◽  
Nadezhda Ivanovna Yеnvareva ◽  
Saule Zhangirovna Asylbekova ◽  
Nina Sergeevna Badryzlova ◽  
Saya Kashkinbayevna Koyshibaeva
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Nutritional Needs ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Aquaculture Facilities

The article describes aquaculture as a main factor saturating the domestic market with high-grade fish products in the world. In last decades, food production in this sector has increased by 12 times with an average annual increase of 8.8%. The Republic of Kazakhstan has rather high potential for developing different lines of commercial fish farming. Modern industrial fish farming is based on keeping fish in fully controlled water environments. In modern conditions, when fish are kept in cages and pools, natural feed is no longer of fundamental importance. Artificial feed is widely used; it should be balanced for the main nutrients and meet the needs of aquaculture facilities. There have been given data on nutrient requirements for the fish species that are new for aquaculture of Kazakhstan: larvae and juveniles of zander, tilapia and clarid catfish. There have been given the standards of adding components to the feed recipes, suggested the premix recipe for producing these feed and shown the quality parameters of starter feed for larvae and juvenile of zander, tilapia and clarid catfish developed in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The nutritional value of starter feeds for these fish species has been defined. Halyk Balyk LLP conducted the production tests in order to determine the effectiveness of using the feed and their uptake by the fry. Feed for trout Aller Agua produced in Denmark served as a reference. Research and business experiment showed that food coefficient of the feed prepared for clarid catfish (0.92) is slightly inferior to the imported feed, with fry survival rate at 71%, average daily increase at 54.3 mg. The designed recipes of starter feedstuff may solve the problem of import substitution for feed products in the country. The data on nutritional needs of the fish mentioned may be used to calculate the feed recipes for fish farms.

scholarly journals Technologies of carp growing and their features

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (95) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Loboiko ◽  
Ye. O. Barylo ◽  
Yu. R. Vachko ◽  
B. S. Barylo ◽  
I. R. Rachkivska
Keyword(s):  
Fish Farming ◽  
Distinct Type ◽  
Bottom Fauna ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Fish Productivity

Carp is one of the few fish farms for which a wide range of technologies has been developed: from extensive, with minimal human intervention in the formation of fish productivity of the reservoir, to intensive, with the most controlled production conditions. Carp has many biological features, enhanced by centuries of breeding work, making this fish extremely “technological”, able to more or less fully realize the genetically determined bioproductive properties of different breeding technologies. Technologies for growing commercial carp according to the level of intensification of the production process can be divided into extensive (grazing), semi-intensive, intensive, and continuous, as a distinct type of intensive technology for growing carp in ponds and pools. Extensive technology assumes that the fish will feed exclusively on natural food, zooplankton, and bottom fauna. In this case, the cost of growing carp will be the lowest; the fish will be called “ecological”, but the growth of individuals will be insignificant. Semi-intensive technology assumes that carp feed on natural feeds, and their energy needs are met by providing carbohydrate additives to feed. Intensive technology believes that carp feeding with compound feeds with high protein content is used, which allows achieving productivity of 3–20 tons/ha. This system requires the highest costs, although it gives the highest performance. The pond must provide additional aeration and water flow to prevent contamination of the reservoir and the development of fish diseases. The main disadvantage of popular carp growing technologies is their staging. All operations are carried out strictly one after another in specialized ponds. Moreover, each stage ends with the descent of the tanks, and the fish are transplanted several times from one to another (from spawning to juvenile, from them to nursery). During this, the carp is injured, which negatively affects its productivity and inevitably leads to waste. To remedy this, fish farming is now using continuous rearing technology. The choice of technology for growing carp is a responsible task on which the profitability of fisheries depends.

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