Water quality. Calibration and evaluation of analytical methods

2021 ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kajino ◽  
K. Sakamoto

Musty odor has occurred annually in Lake Biwa since 1969. Osaka municipal waterworks, which is located downstream of Lake Biwa, has made many efforts to treat musty-odor compounds produced in Lake Biwa from spring through autumn. With the development of analytical methods for the determination of musty-odor compounds, we have been able to confirm that planktonic blue-green algae are the major causes of the musty-odor occurrences. The relationship between the growth of blue-green algae and the water quality was not so apparent. However, through our data analysis focusing on the relationship between musty-odor occurrences due to Phormidium tenue or Oscillatoria tenuis and some nutrients in Lake Biwa, we found that the concentration of nitrate in water may be an important parameter for the estimation of growth of the algae and the musty-odor behavior.


Water SA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (4 October) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla-Louise Ramjukadh ◽  
Michael Silberbauer ◽  
Susan Taljaard

The South African national water quality database (Water Management System) houses data records from several environmental monitoring programmes, including the National Chemical Monitoring Programme (NCMP). The NCMP comprises an extensive surface water quality monitoring programme, managed by the Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS). The purpose of this technical note is to alert users to a systematic anomaly recently observed in the pH dataset of the NCMP, reflected in an abrupt increase between pre- and post-1990 data records. Although the cause of the anomaly in pH could not be confirmed with high confidence, an inappropriate acid rinse procedure in pre-1990 analytical methods was identified as the most likely cause, based on available evidence. This was supported by the variation in relative sensitivity when comparing the effect on waters with different buffering capacities, i.e., water with low buffering capacity (represented by total alkalinity < 10 mg/L, as CaCO3) showing the largest anomaly, compared with waters of higher buffering capacity (represented by total alkalinity > 30 mg/L, as CaCO3) showing the smallest anomaly. Historical pH data records in the NCMP (i.e. pre-1990), therefore should be used with caution, especially in more weakly buffered systems. The possibility of reconstructing data using a correction factor derived from detailed statistical analyses of the post-1990 pH characteristics at selected sites is a possible solution that could be investigated in future. A key lesson learnt is the need to be diligent in capturing detailed meta-data on sampling procedures and analytical methods in datasets spanning several generations. Availability of such information is critical in order to provide users with a means of evaluating the suitability and comparability of data records in long-term datasets. The DWS includes such meta-data in the current version of the database, dating from about 1995 onwards.


1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert Hellmann

The period between 1955 and 1988 was the time of reconstruction in the destroyed Federal Republic of Germany, marked by booming industrial development and - with some delay -by the rise and spread of ecological awareness and the idea of water conservation. This is the background against which the analysis of water quality and of pollution load trends should be seen. The study of a long-term load trend presupposes the following requirements:–sufficiently large number of measured data;–reliable, reproducible analytical methods which produce comparable results over long time series; and–hydrological interpretation and evaluation of results. The continuous efforts to improve analytical methods and the elimination of distorting substances and matrix effects led to the situation that long time series of data are not directly comparable. In some cases, summative analyses (aggregate parameters) have been replaced by newly developed substance-specific methods so that the continuity of records has been broken. Furthermore, there is a general underestimation of the necessity to consider and evaluate analytical data in a space-time continuum. However, on the whole, we are able to give a satisfying interpretation of trends for the classical parameters. In the case of the trace substances detected by modem methods, this is possible only for the past two decades and with some reservations.


2012 ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Duc Buu Chu ◽  
Cong Nho Luong ◽  
Thi Bich Tran

Background: H2S gas concentrations in the My An mineral water is quite high, causing environmental problems and health of the surrounding residential areas as well as affecting the citizens and visitors to use the service in My An Onsen Spa Resort. So the equipment BBN made ​​to reduce the H2S content in water and air of My An mineral water. Methods: Using empirical methods the authors have successfully made devices BBN and using analytical methods to evaluate treatment efficiency of this device. Results: We successfully created BBN equipment that is capable of handling H2S gas well, significantly reducing the H2S odor in the air and improving the mineral water taste, helping to prolong immersion bath time. BBN device does not affect water quality and curative effect of My An mineral water. H2S handling performance of the device reached 89.07%. Keywords: handling H2S, My An mineral water, BBN equipment


Author(s):  
L. I. Narkaitis ◽  
A. N. Danilov ◽  
Yu. I. Yashechkin ◽  
E. V. Kouklev ◽  
O. I. Kozhanova ◽  
...  

The system for forecasting of the incidence of the enteric infections with water-borne transmission for Saratov city was created. It is based on analytical methods of estimation of sanitary indicators of water quality in the central water supply.


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