scholarly journals Faculty Opinions recommendation of Spillover of west caucasian bat lyssavirus (WCBV) in a domestic cat and westward expansion in the palearctic region.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Rupprecht
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Westward Expansion ◽  
Palearctic Region

scholarly journals Spillover of West Caucasian Bat Lyssavirus (WCBV) in a Domestic Cat and Westward Expansion in the Palearctic Region

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2064
Author(s):  
Stefania Leopardi ◽  
Ettore Barneschi ◽  
Giuseppe Manna ◽  
Barbara Zecchin ◽  
Pamela Priori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Westward Expansion ◽  
Reference Isolate ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

In June 2020, a cat from Arezzo (Italy) that died from a neurological disease was diagnosed with West Caucasian Bat Lyssavirus (WCBV). The virus retained high identity across the whole-genome with the reference isolate found in 2002 from a Russian bent-winged bat. We applied control measures recommended by national regulations, investigated a possible interface between cats and bats using visual inspections, bioacoustics analyses and camera trapping and performed active and passive surveillance in bats to trace the source of infection. People that were exposed to the cat received full post-exposure prophylaxis while animals underwent six months of quarantine. One year later, they are all healthy. In a tunnel located near the cat’s house, we identified a group of bent-winged bats that showed virus-neutralizing antibodies to WCBV across four sampling occasions, but no virus in salivary swabs. Carcasses from other bat species were all negative. This description of WCBV in a non-flying mammal confirms that this virus can cause clinical rabies in the absence of preventive and therapeutic measures, and highlights the lack of international guidelines against divergent lyssaviruses. We detected bent-winged bats as the most probable source of infection, testifying the encroachment between these bats and pets/human in urban areas and confirming free-ranging cats as potential hazard for public health and conservation.

Clinical case of breast tumor relapse in domestic cat

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Viktor V. Grechko ◽  
◽  
Lyudmila F. Bodrova ◽  
Dmitriy K. Ovchinnikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Histological Examination ◽  
Breast Tumor ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Breast Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Low Grade

Domestic shorthair 10-year-old cat, not sterilized, not vaccinated, feeding from the table. We went to the clinic with breast cancer. General and special research methods were performed: blood analysis, x-ray examination of the lungs and abdominal ultrasound. Based on anamnesis and clinical examination, the diagnosis was made: a malignant breast tumor. The operation was performed. The operating material is sent for histological examination. Chemotherapy was prescribed. After the fi rst chemotherapy and monitoring of the animal's condition, it was necessary to perform a second unilateral mastoectomy of the remaining mammary glands, but the animal's owners refused to perform the operation. Chemotherapy was performed twice. Re-applied, after a year and a half with a sharp deterioration in the General condition and the appearance of a new tumor on the non-removed mammary glands. The owners refused the necessary treatment and decided to euthanize the cat. At the autopsy, breast neoplasms are presented as tubercles of various sizes. There are pronounced signs of inflammation, ulceration and necrosis foci. In the chest cavity, the lungs are enlarged, there were single and multiple formations of white and brown color, round shape of different diameters, dense consistency. There is a large number of metastases in the liver parenchyma. The organ is enlarged in size, dark brown in color, irregularly colored, with an uneven (bumpy) surface. In General, there are many dense nodes of a round-oval shape of white color, of various diameters. Histological examination of the tumor revealed foci of necrosis, atypical glandular complexes with frequently occurring mitosis figures. This structure indicates a low-grade breast adenocarcinoma. In the lungs, there is an expansion of the alveoli and bronchioles, thinning and rupture of the interalveolar partitions. There is a complex of tumor cells. In the liver, there is a lack of structural units of the liver, hepatocytes disperse chaotically, liver triads do not have a clear localization, atrophy and necrosis are expressed. Metastases in the liver, various forms. In a cat, a breast tumor interpreted as an adenocarcinoma had different biological behavior. At the initial diagnosis-adenocarcinoma of medium differentiation, and a year and a half later-low-grade adenocarcinoma.

Building an American Empire

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Frymer
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
American Empire ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Westward Expansion ◽  
White Settler ◽  
Settlement Policies ◽  
Federal Land ◽  
The Government ◽  
Land Policies

This book examines the politics of the United States' westward expansion, showing how the government's regulation of population movements on the frontier, both settlement and removal, advanced national aspirations for empire and promoted the formation of a white settler nation. The book details how a government that struggled to exercise plenary power used federal land policies to assert authority over the direction of expansion by engineering the pace and patterns of settlement and to control the movement of populations. At times, the government mobilized populations for compact settlement in strategically important areas of the frontier; at other times, policies were designed to actively restrain settler populations in order to prevent violence, international conflict, and breakaway states. The book examines how these settlement patterns helped construct a dominant racial vision for America by incentivizing and directing the movement of white European settlers onto indigenous and diversely populated lands. The book pays close attention to the failures as well, from the lack of further expansion into Latin America to the defeat of the black colonization movement. It reveals the lasting and profound significance government settlement policies had for the nation, both for establishing America as dominantly white and for restricting broader aspirations for empire in lands that could not be so racially engineered.

Deferring Crisis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Stewart Mauldin
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Shifting Cultivation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Antebellum South ◽  
Westward Expansion ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Land Use Practices ◽  
Ecological Regime

This chapter explores the ecological regime of slavery and the land-use practices employed by farmers across the antebellum South. Despite the diverse ecologies and crop regimes of the region, most southern farmers employed a set of extensive agricultural techniques that kept the cost of farming down and helped circumvent natural limits on crop production and stock-raising. The use of shifting cultivation, free-range animal husbandry, and slaves to perform erosion control masked the environmental impacts of farmers’ actions, at least temporarily. Debates over westward expansion during the sectional crisis of the 1850s were not just about the extension of slavery, they also reflected practical concerns regarding access to new lands and fresh soil. Both were necessary for the continued profitability of farming in the South.

scholarly journals Molecular markers of putative spermatogonial stem cells in the domestic cat

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ Bedford-Guaus ◽  
S Kim ◽  
L Mulero ◽  
JM Vaquero ◽  
C Morera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Spermatogonial Stem Cells ◽  
Domestic Cat

scholarly journals A domestic cat whole exome sequencing resource for trait discovery

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alana R. Rodney ◽  
Reuben M. Buckley ◽  
Robert S. Fulton ◽  
Catrina Fronick ◽  
Todd Richmond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exome Sequencing ◽  
Whole Exome Sequencing ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Exome Capture ◽  
Single Nucleotide Variants ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Olfactory Receptor Genes ◽  
Feline Model

AbstractOver 94 million domestic cats are susceptible to cancers and other common and rare diseases. Whole exome sequencing (WES) is a proven strategy to study these disease-causing variants. Presented is a 35.7 Mb exome capture design based on the annotated Felis_catus_9.0 genome assembly, covering 201,683 regions of the cat genome. Whole exome sequencing was conducted on 41 cats with known and unknown genetic diseases and traits, of which ten cats had matching whole genome sequence (WGS) data available, used to validate WES performance. At 80 × mean exome depth of coverage, 96.4% of on-target base coverage had a sequencing depth > 20-fold, while over 98% of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) identified by WGS were also identified by WES. Platform-specific SNVs were restricted to sex chromosomes and a small number of olfactory receptor genes. Within the 41 cats, we identified 31 previously known causal variants and discovered new gene candidate variants, including novel missense variance for polycystic kidney disease and atrichia in the Peterbald cat. These results show the utility of WES to identify novel gene candidate alleles for diseases and traits for the first time in a feline model.

Pathologic and immunohistochemical findings in an outbreak of systemic toxoplasmosis in a mob of red kangaroos

2021 ◽  
pp. 104063872110018
Author(s):  
Mariano Carossino ◽  
Rudy Bauer ◽  
Mark A. Mitchell ◽  
Charles O. Cummings ◽  
Anke C. Stöhr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Severe Condition ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Macropus Rufus ◽  
Pulmonary Parenchyma ◽  
Protozoan Pathogen ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoan pathogen that infects many endothermic vertebrates, including humans; the domestic cat and other felids serve as the definitive host. Macropodids are considered highly susceptible to toxoplasmosis. Here, we describe the clinical, pathologic, and immunohistochemical findings of an outbreak of systemic toxoplasmosis in a mob of 11 red kangaroos ( Macropus rufus), with high morbidity (73%) and mortality (100%) rates. Affected animals had either severe and rapidly deteriorating clinical conditions or sudden death, which was correlated with widespread necrotizing lesions in multiple organs and intralesional T. gondii organisms identified via MIC3-specific immunohistochemistry and confirmed by REP529-specific rtPCR. Quantification of parasites demonstrated the highest parasite density in pulmonary parenchyma compared with other tissues. Our study highlights the continued importance of this severe condition in Australian marsupials.

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