scholarly journals The Neotropical Croton sect. Geiseleria (Euphorbiaceae): Classification Update, Phylogenetic Framework, and Seven New Species from South America

2021 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 111-166
Author(s):  
Ricarda Riina ◽  
Benjamin Van Ee ◽  
Maria Beatriz Rossi Caruzo ◽  
Daniela Santos Carneiro-Torres ◽  
Rafaela Freitas Dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Its Phylogeny ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
Phylogenetic Framework

A revised assessment of Croton L. sect. Geiseleria (A. Gray) Baill. is provided. The section as now circumscribed includes 84 species ranging across warm areas of the Americas. A nuclear ITS phylogeny of 150 accessions from 83 species and a chloroplast trnL-F phylogeny of 89 accessions from 65 species were generated to confirm correct phylogenetic placement of the species and to determine if any species previously included in the section should now be excluded. Seven new species are described, and we present a taxonomic synopsis that lists all currently accepted species along with their synonyms, distributions, and pertinent comments. We also recognize four subsections within Croton sect. Geiseleria and list their corresponding species. Based on both morphological and molecular criteria, we now recognize C. lagunillae Croizat as a distinct species, rather than as a variety of C. guildingii Griseb. (now treated as C. suavis Kunth), and we treat C. ramillatus Croizat var. magniglandulifer V. W. Steinm. as a species, C. magniglandulifer (V. W. Steinm.) B. W. van Ee. We also exclude C. tetradenius Baill. from Croton sect. Geiseleria (A. Gray) Baill. along with related species such as C. pulegiodorus Baill. and C. leptobotryus Müll. Arg., which are either members of Croton sect. Adenophylli Griseb. or else may merit new sectional status. We also exclude C. waltherioides Urb., although it is not clear to which section of Croton it belongs.

A reassessment of Dioon merolae (Zamiaceae) leads to the description of Dioon salas-moralesae, a new cycad species from Southeastern Oaxaca, Mexico

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 528 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-110
Author(s):  
JOSÉ SAID GUTIÉRREZ-ORTEGA ◽  
MIGUEL ANGEL PÉREZ-FARRERA ◽  
JEFFREY CHEMNICK ◽  
TIMOTHY J. GREGORY
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
Isthmus Of Tehuantepec ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Recent Evaluation

The cycad genus Dioon comprises 17 species from Mexico and Honduras, all of them delimited based on their morphological variation and geographic distribution. A recent evaluation of the biological variation among Dioon populations from Oaxaca and Chiapas, Mexico, demonstrated that the concept of the species Dioon merolae actually consists of three lineages that should be recognized as different taxa. One lineage was already described as Dioon oaxacensis, leaving the concept of Dioon merolae comprising two lineages distributed on both sides of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. However, there are conspicuous morphological differences between these two lineages. Here, we tested whether such a differentiation within the concept of Dioon merolae merits the differentiation of two different taxa. We evaluated the qualitative and morphometric variation among populations belonging to the Dioon merolae lineages, and compared it with the closely related species Dioon oaxacensis. Morphological observations and statistical tests demonstrated that the populations of southeastern Oaxaca, traditionally considered as part of Dioon merolae, represent a distinct species that we described as Dioon salas-moralesae. Identifying the diagnostic characters of this new species helps enable an understanding of the criteria that should be considered to delineate the boundaries between other cycad species.

scholarly journals Rhamnella intermedia (Rhamnaceae), a new evergreen species from southwest Guangxi

PhytoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Lu ◽  
Yongshuai Sun
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Evergreen Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Sequence Variations ◽  
Dried Fruit ◽  
Nuclear Its

Rhamnella intermedia, a new evergreen species from southwest Guangxi, is described and illustrated in this study. This species is similar to R. brachycarpa by the size and ratio of length to width of dried fruit and seeds, by which it differs from R. rubrinervis and R. tonkinensis. However, it differs from R. brachycarpa by rarely mucronate seed apices, larger ratio of length to width of leaves, leaf apices acuminate to long acuminate, shorter leaf petioles, and longer fruiting pedicels. Principal component analysis based on phenotypic traits further recognised three separated groups. Rhamnella rubrinervis and R. tonkinensis were clustered into one group; the other two groups represented R. brachycarpa and two Guangxi populations, respectively. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis of nuclear ITS sequence variations highly supported that the two Guangxi populations represented an independent evolutionary lineage and were closest to R. rubrinervis. Four fixed nucleotide sites were found and were different from R. rubrinervis. However, besides the differentiated traits in seeds and fruit, densely pilose young branches also separated them from R. rubrinervis. In addition, during our field investigations, none of the three closely related species were found at locations where this new species was distributed. Therefore, this new species, based on the two Guangxi populations, is named R. intermedia. The key to four closely related species is also presented.

scholarly journals A new species of the catfish genus Cordylancistrus (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4329 (3) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
FRANCISCO PROVENZANO R. ◽  
NADIA MILANI ◽  
CARLOS ARDILA R.
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
Geological History ◽  
The Andes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Magdalena River ◽  
A New Species

As a part of an assessment of loricariid catfishes inhabiting the Andes of Colombia, specimens belonging to an interesting new species were identified. The new species is described herein, and it is tentatively included in the genus Cordylancistrus. The new species can be easily distinguished among its congeners by the presence of a unique diagnostic character: a fleshy keel or excrescence, black or dark brown, over the posterior tip of supraoccipital. Specimens of the new species were captured in rivers of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and the Sierra de Perijá that drain to the Magdalena River Basin and Caribbean Sea. The occurrence of one species of Cordylancistrus in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta could have interesting biogeographic implications for hypotheses related to the geological history of northwestern corner of South America or to the dispersal or vicariance models used to explain biogeographical patterns of related species in Colombia. 

Two new species of Gurania (Cucurbitaceae) from South America

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 208 (4) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
GÉSSICA A. GOMES-COSTA ◽  
MICHAEL H. NEE ◽  
MARIA REGINA DE V. BARBOSA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Related Species ◽  
New South ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Species ◽  
Taxonomic Review ◽  
Brazilian Species ◽  
Two New Species

During the analysis of European and American herbaria collections for a taxonomic review of the Brazilian species of Gurania, two new South American species were found.  Gurania jeffreyi occurs in Ecuador and Colombia and Gurania calathina is found only in Colombia. Descriptions and illustrations of the new species are presented with comments on affinities and differences between them and related species.

Pseudodactylaria fusiformis sp. nov. from freshwater habitat in China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 446 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
YONG-ZHONG LU ◽  
JING-YI ZHANG ◽  
CHUAN-GEN LIN ◽  
ZONG-LONG LUO ◽  
JIAN-KUI (JACK) LIU
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Latitudinal Gradient ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Freshwater Fungi ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Sister Relationship ◽  
Freshwater Habitat ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement

Pseudodactylaria fusiformis sp. nov. was collected during an investigation of freshwater fungi along a north-south latitudinal gradient in the Asian region. Evidence for the new species is provided by morphological comparison and sequence data analysis. Pseudodactylaria fusiformis differs from other species in having hyaline conidiophores and fusiform, 0–1-septate hyaline conidia without a sheath. Phylogenetic analysis based on combined ITS and LSU sequence data was carried out to determine the phylogenetic placement of the species. Six Pseudodactylaria taxa clustered together and formed a monotypic clade representing the genus, and five species are well recognized. Pseudodactylaria fusiformis and P. camporesiana share a sister relationship and they are phylogenetically distinct species. A detailed description and illustration are provided, as well as the comparisons with similar taxa.

A new species of Tremella from Macaronesia

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 226 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiri Kout ◽  
Luis Quijada ◽  
Esperanza Beltrán-Tejera
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Its Rdna ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Orange Colour ◽  
A New Species

Tremella laurisilvae, a species new to science with a parasitic strategy on Biscogniauxia species, is described from the evergreen laurel forests of Macaronesia. The basidiocarps are macroscopically differentiated by finger-like lobes and brown-orange colour. Micromorphological differences with phylogenetically related species are evaluated and its phylogenetic placement in Tremellomycetes is inferred from ITS rDNA sequences. A detailed description, plate with photographs and a key to species from Europe and Macaronesia are provided.

Liparis mai (Orchidaceae; Malaxideae), a new species from China: evidence from morphological and molecular analyses

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 435 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-242
Author(s):  
XIONG-DE TU ◽  
MING-ZHONG HUANG ◽  
DING-KUN LIU ◽  
LIANG MA ◽  
MING-HE LI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
A New Species

A new species, Liparis mai (Malaxidinae, Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae), from Guangxi, China, is illustrated and described based on morphological and molecular analyses. This new species is similar to L. nervosa but differs by the older pseudobulb often bearing bulbil, larger revolute lateral sepals, obovate-elliptic lip and caniniform callus. Molecular analyses of nuclear (ITS) and plastid (matK) DNA support L. mai as a distinct species, which forms an independent lineage sister to L. nervosa and its allies.

NEW SPECIES IN MALLOTUS AND CROTON (EUPHORBIACEAE) FROM NEPAL

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
T. KUROSAWA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Altitudinal Distribution ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Two New Species

Two new species of Euphorbiaceae (sensu stricto), Mallotus bicarpellatus (Acalyphoideae) and Croton nepalensis (Crotonoideae), are described from Nepal. Mallotus bicarpellatus is closely related to M. philippensis but differs in having 1 or 2 pairs of leaf glands distinctly separated from the petiole attachment, pistillate flowers with staminodes and longer pedicels, and fewer locules and stigmas. Croton nepalensis differs from C. tiglium in having leaves with truncate, subcordate or rounded base, smaller, broadly ovoid capsules, and smaller seeds. A table is provided showing how Croton nepalensis differs from other closely related species. Croton himalaicus is here regarded as a synonym of C. tiglium, though it has been treated variously as a distinct species or a synonym of C. tiglium or C. birmanicus by recent authors. Distribution maps and graphs of altitudinal distribution are given for the new species.

Myrcia longipetiolata (Myrtaceae), a New Species from the Atlantic Forest of Bahia, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 1026-1032
Author(s):  
Bruno S. Amorim ◽  
Patricia Melchionna Albuquerque ◽  
Duane F. Lima
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Leaf Margin ◽  
Marginal Vein ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypothesis ◽  
Leaf Base ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
A New Species

Abstract— Myrcia longipetiolata, a new species of Myrcia, is here described and illustrated. With a phylogenetic hypothesis, we show that this species belongs to Myrcia clade 10, a morphologically recognized and narrowly distributed group of species, which was recently discovered. Myrcia longipetiolata resembles M. unana due to its long leaves, acute or acuminate leaf apex, cuneate leaf base, long petioles, and they share the same area of occurrence. Myrcia longipetiolata differs from M. unana by its larger leaves, larger number of leaf secondary veins, marginal vein more distant from the leaf margin, lanceolate bracteoles, smaller and truncate, rounded, or apiculate calyx lobes with whitish to yellowish trichomes, and smaller floral disc. Besides the phylogenetic placement of M. longipetiolata within the genus, morphological comparisons with related species and comments on its distribution, habitat, and conservation status are also provided.

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